Transcript TSW 3 – Preventing Infectious Disease

TSW 4 – Preventing Infectious
Disease
By: Young Hyun Park and
Jennifer Kola
Immunity
• Immunity = when body
destroys pathogens
before attack.
• Ability to fight
disease.
• Two types – Active
and Passive Immunity.
Active Immunity
• Active Immunity =
body makes
antibodies against
disease after you
had before.
• After had chicken
pox, body has
active immunity
against these
pathogens.
How your Body Makes Active
Immunity
• Active Immunity: part of the immune
response.
• When B & T cells destroy pathogens,
some remember pathogens’ antigen.
• Next time that pathogen enters body,
memory cells respond - don’t even get
sick.
• Active Immunity lasts very long, even a
lifetime.
Passive Immunity
•
Passive Immunity = body gets
antibodies that fight pathogen from
another source
How Passive Immunity Works
I.E. = get bitten by dog that has rabies
– Rabies: uncommon, people usually don’t get
vaccinations
– But when bitten: get injection with antibodies
against rabies -don’t get sick
– This is Passive Immunity because your body
didn’t make the antibodies
In contrast to Active Immunity, Passive
Immunity lasts only for a few months at most.
Active VS. Passive
Lasts for years,
sometimes for a
lifetime
Made by your own
body’s cells
Lasts for a few
months at most
Your body gets it
from another
source (i.e. shot)
Protect you from diseases
same
different
Vaccination
• Vaccination: process where harmless antigens go in
a person’s body on purpose to produce active
immunity
– Vaccinations: injection/ mouth
– Vaccination can prevent polio, chicken pox, and other
diseases
• Vaccine: substance used in vaccination - usually
consists pathogen (weakened/killed)
• Can still make immune system go into action
Vaccination
• The weakened pathogens usually don’t make you
sick when receiving a vaccination
• Your immune system responds by producing memory
cells & active immunity to the disease
• T&B cells still recognize & respond to the antigens
of weakened/ dead pathogens
History of Vaccination
Year
Name
What
1796
Edward Jenner
Successfully vaccinated a child against
smallpox using a material from a sore of a
person with cowpox
1854
Florence Nightingale
Saved many soldiers’ lives by keeping army
hospitals clean
1860s
Joseph Lister
Used carbolic acid to prevent infection in
surgical patients
1868
Louis Pasteur
Proposed that infectious diseases in humans
are caused by microorganisms
1882
Robert Koch
Indentified one kind of microorganism in
many samples of tissue taken from people
with tuberculosis
1928
Alexander Fleming
Saw bacteria growing on laboratory plates
killed when some fungi grew on it. He
discovered that a fungus produce a
substance penicillin killing bacteria, which
became the 1st antibiotic
Staying Healthy
• When you get sick…
– Get plenty of rest
– Unless you have stomach ache, eat well-balanced meals &
drink a lot
– Sometimes, medicines can help you
• Getting plenty of rest: best way deal with viral
diseases
Antibiotic
• Antibiotic: chemical that fights bacteria by killing/
slowing their growth without hurting you body cells
– When you have disease caused by bacteria
• No medication can cure viral diseases, even cold.
Medication
• Over-the-counter medications: drugs that can be
purchased without doctor’s prescription
ex) reduce fever, clear nose, and stop coughing
• Understand & follow instructions for all
medications.
• See doctor, if don’t feel better in short time.
Preventions
• Preventing infectious Disease
– Don’t share items that carry pathogens like toothbrush,
drinking straw
– Keep clean. Wash hands.
– Cover mouth when sneezing/ coughing
– Get 8 hours sleep everyday
– Eat well-balanced diet
– Get regular exercise