Transcript Chapter 40 - Cloudfront.net

Pick up comparison chart and discuss with group
Staple chart in notebook
then make a physiology title page
Put labs in the center of table
ANNOUNCEMTS—Paid for test—3 days left
Monday after school moved to Wed after school
Q1
If it has…
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no coelom and no cephalization
Q1
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Porifera
Protostome (top)
Deuterostome (bottom)
1. Acoelomate, in which no coelomic
cavity exists. Find an animal in
your textbook or in the lab that is
an example of this body plan.
2. Pseudocoelomate, in which a
coelom exists, but it is lined by
mesoderm only on the body wall,
not around the gut. What is an
example of a pseudoceoleomate
animal?
3. Coelomate (or Eucoelmate, or
“True” Coelom), in which the
coelom is lined both on the inside of
the body wall and around the gut by
mesoderm. Animals with a true
coelom also have mesenteries, which
suspend the body organs within the
coelom.
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The coelom suspends the gut in fluid in the
middle of the body, protecting it from
gravity and allowing increases in body size.
Gastrulation
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http://bcs.whfreeman.com/thelifewire/conte
nt/chp20/2002001.html
Get ready for 2 quizzes
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Ecological succession describes the pattern of changes in communities
over time. The graph below shows changes in plant diversity following
the abandonment of an agricultural field in a temperate biome.
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(a) Discuss the differences in plant diversity shown in the graph and explain how
the changes affect the animal species composition between years 0 and 120.
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(b) Identify TWO biotic and TWO abiotic factors and discuss how each could
influence the pattern of ecological succession.
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(c) Design a controlled experiment to determine how the diversity of plant species
in a newly abandoned field would be affected by large herbivores.
Birth Certificate
Chapter 40 ~ An
Introduction to
Animal
Structure and
Function
Coloring and Clay Expectations
Coloring
Clay
-Descriptions
-Building body parts
(4 sentences min)
only
-All colored with a key
-Any clay anywhere
-Titles created
than the table=clay
quiz
Structure determines
function
• Function
determines location
Many cells=tissue
Tissues: groups of cells with a common
structure and function (4 types)
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Anatomy: structure
Physiology: function
1- Epithelial: outside of body
and lines organs and cavities;
held together by tight junctions
basement membrane: dense mat
of extracellular matrix
Simple: single layer of cells
Stratified: multiple tiers of cells
Cuboidal (like dice)
Columnar (like bricks on end)
Squamous (like floor tiles)
mucous membrane
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Tissues, II
2- Connective: bind and support other tissues; scattered cells through matrix; 3 kinds:
A-Collagenous fibers (collagen protein) B-Elastic fibers (elastin protein) C-Reticular fibers (thin
branched collagen fibers)
Loose connective tissue: binds epithelia to underlying tissue; holds organs
1-Fibroblasts- secretes extracellular proteins 2-Macrophages- amoeboid WBC’s; phagocytosis 3Adipose tissue- fat storage; insulation
Fibrous connective tissue: parallel bundles of cells
1-Tendons- muscles to bones 2-Ligaments- bones to bones; joints (BOBOLI)
Cartilage: collagen in a rubbery matrix (chondroitin); flexible support
Bone: mineralized tissue by osteoblasts
Blood: liquid plasma matrix; erythrocytes (RBC’s) carry O2; leukocytes (WBC’s) immunity
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http://www.ehow.com/how_12037076_mak
e-model-muscle-modeling-clay.html
Tissues, III
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3-Nervous: senses stimuli
and transmits signals from
1 part of the animal to
another
Neuron: functional unit
that transmits impulses
Dendrites: transmit
impulses from tips to rest
of neuron
Axons: transmit impulses
toward another neuron or
effector
Tissues, IV
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4- Muscle: capable of
contracting when stimulated by
nerve impulses; myofibrils
composed of proteins actin and
myosin; 3 types:
A- Skeletal: voluntary
movement (striated)
B- Cardiac: contractile wall of
heart (branched striated)
C- Smooth: involuntary
activities (no striations)
Build a muscle
out of clay
Many
tissues=organ
Many
organs=organ
system
Organ systems
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Organ: organization of
tissues
Organ systems…...
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Digestive-food processing
Circulatory-internal distribution
Respiratory-gas exchange
Immune/Lymphatic-defense
Excretory-waste disposal;
osmoregulation
Endocrine-coordination of body
activities
Reproductive-reproduction
Nervous-detection of stimuli
Integumentary-protection
Skeletal-support; protection
Muscular-movement; locomotion
Homeostasis=
Internal
Balance
Internal regulation
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Interstitial fluid: internal fluid
environment of vertebrates;
exchanges nutrients and wastes
Homeostasis: “steady state” or
internal balance
Negative feedback: change in a
physiological variable that is being
monitored triggers a response that
counteracts the initial fluctuation;
i.e., body temperature
Positive feedback: physiological
control mechanism in which a
change in some variable triggers
mechanisms that amplify the change;
i.e., uterine contractions at childbirth
Metabolism: sum of all energyrequiring biochemical reactions
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Catabolic processes of cellular
respiration
Calorie; kilocalorie/C
Endotherms: bodies warmed by
metabolic heat
Ectotherms: bodies warmed by
environment
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR):
minimal rate powering basic
functions of life (endotherms)
Standard Metabolic Rate
(SMR): minimal rate powering
basic functions of life
(ectotherms)