Transcript Tissues - Trisha Hanka`s VTI site

Fibers of Connective Tissue
• _____________________:
• Strong and thick.
• Composed of collagen.
• Organized into bundles
• Found in: ____________ and
________ that are continuously being
pulled and stretched.
• Sometimes called white fibers
• Density and arrangement can vary.
COLLAGENOUS FIBERS
Fibers of Connective Tissue
• ______________________:
• Composed of collagen, but are not thick
• Thin and delicate and branched into
complicated networks.
• Form support for around other cellular organs
like endocrine glands.
• _____________________:
• Composed primarily of _____________.
• Are branched to form networks
• Lack tensile strength of collagenous fibers.
• Can stretch and contract.
• Found in vocal cords, lungs, blood vessles.
• May be referred to as yellow fibers.
Major Cell Types of Connective
Tissue
• Fixed Cells: remain in the connective tissue
• __________________ secrete fibers and ground
substance of particular matrix.
• Names may change based on location
• Examples: Chondroblast, osteoblast, etc.
• As they mature, cells are less active and are
called –cytes. Can revert back to -blasts if
more matrix is needed.
• Examples: Chondrocyte, osteocyte,
fibrocyte
• Fixed cells
• _____________________________:
• Found throughout connective tissue
• Form adipose tissue.
• Filled with _____________.
• ____________________________:
• Form net-like connections through
cells
• Involved in immune response and
manufacture of reticular fibers.
• Transient or _________________Cells
• Move in and out of connective tissue as
needed.
• ___________________ white blood cells
• Found in blood and move into connective
tissue during periods of infection.
• Important in immune function.
• ________________: carry ___________ and
___________ which initiate inflammatory
response when released into tissue
• Usually found near blood stream where can
mount response.
WANDERING CELLS
• Wandering cells
• _____________: phagocytotic
scavengers that may be either fixed or
transient in connective tissue.
• Engulf microbes, dead cells and
debris
• What organelles digests wastes or
cell parts?
• Given different names depending on
locations
• Kupffer cells
• Microglial cells
• histiocytes
Types of Connective Tissue
• Categorized as:
• Loose
• Areolar
• Adipose
• Reticular
• Dense
• Regular
• Dense irregular
• Elastic
Areolar Tissue
• Most common type of connective tissue
• Acts to support and cushion organs and other
delicate structures.
• Has “open” spaces
• Filling of spaces during trauma is called
_____________
• ________________- when tissue leaves pits in
tissue after being compressed.
EDEMA
AREOLAR TISSUE
Adipose Tissue
• Commonly known as fat.
• Highly vascularized
• Cells expand based on amount of lipid being
stored.
• Important energy store.
• May be classified as:
• White:
• Found throughout body
• ___________________:
• Found in newborns and hibernating animals
• Specialized form plays role in temperature
regulation
ADIPOSE TISSUE
Reticular Connective Tissue
• Resembles areolar connective tissue but
only contains reticular fibers
• Found in limited sites of body
Dense Regular Connective
Tissue
• Tightly paced, parallel collagen fibers
• Tremendous tensile strength in one
direction.
• Found in: _____________ and
___________
Dense Irregular Connective
Tissue
• Collagen fibers in thicker bundles than those in
regular connective tissue.
• Can withstand force from many different directions
• Found in__________________
Elastic Connective Tissue
• High concentration of ___________ fibers
that is extremely flexible.
• Found in:
_____________________________.
Specialized Connective Tissues
• Cartilage
• Hyaline Cartilage
• Elastic Cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
• Bone
• Blood
Cartilage
• Tough, specialized connective tissue.
• May be called gristle.
• More rigid than dense connective tissue, more
flexible than bone.
• Does not contain nerves.
• Can take a great deal of compression.
• Composed of cells _________________and
matrix.
• 3 types of cartilage:
• Hyaline cartilage
• Elastic Cartilage
• Fibrocartilage
Types of Cartilage
• ______________________
• Most common type of cartilage found in body.
• Found as _______________cartilage at end of
long bones and joints and connects ribs to the
sternum.
• Most rigid type of cartilage.
• _____________________
• Similar to hyaline cartilage but contains
______________________________
• Can withstand repeated bending.
• Found in ______________________
Types of cartilage continued
• _______________________
• Found in: ___________________
Bone
• Also called osseous connective tissue
• Hardest and most rigid type of connective
tissue
• Is well vascularized
• Provides protection.
• Structure
• Ground matrix - ___________ – calcium
phosphate and collagen fibers
• ___________________– channels in
bone that carry blood supply and nerves
• _________________– fibrous
membrane that covers the bone
Blood
• Most atypical type of connective
tissue.
• Composed of specialized cells:
• ______________ (red blood
cells)
• ______________ (white blood
cells)
• _______________ (platelets)
Membranes
• Epithelial and connective tissue may be
linked to form membranes.
• Are thin, protective layers that line body
cavities, separate organs and cover
surfaces.
• Four common epithelial membranes are:
• Mucous
• Serous
• Cutaneous
• Synovial
Mucous Membranes
• Always found lining organs that have connection to
outside environment.
• Found in:
______________________________________
_____________________________________.
• Produces protective and lubricating mucous
• Play role in monitoring and controlling what enters
into body and form barrier.
• How are mucous membranes important to us?
• CRT
• Are very absorptive
• Buprenorphine for example
Serous Membranes
• Also called ________________
• Line walls and cover organs that fill closed body
cavities
• Characterized by continuous sheet that is doubled
over to form two layers with a narrow space.
• Remember parietal vs. visceral?
• Fluid is thin and watery
• Large amount of fluid is called
______________
• Fluid in abdomen is termed _______________
• ___________________ are connections
between parietal and visceral layers.
ASCITES
Cutaneous Membranes
• The integument
• What else is this called?
• Perpetually exposed to environment.
• Composed of keratinized stratified
squamous epithelium called
_________________
• Epidermis is attached to underlying
Dermis.
Synovial Membranes
• Lines the cavities of ______________
• Contain no epithelium overlying it
• Manufactures ____________that fills the
joint spaces and reduces friction and
abrasion at the ends of bones.
Muscle Tissue
• Uniquely designed for contraction.
• Composed of myosin and actin
• Three types of muscle tissue:
• _______________
• _______________
• _______________
Skeletal Muscle
• Large and numerous cells
• Usually controlled by conscience thought
therefore is _________________.
• Are ________________ or striped
• Held together by loose connective tissue.
Smooth Muscle
• Composed of small spindle-shape cells
that lack striation or bands and appear
smooth.
• Can not be consciously controlled.
• Found in:
___________________________
Cardiac Muscle
• Possesses ability to contract even when
neural input has been altered.
• Found in: _____________________.
• Control is ___________________.
• Are striated and connected to other cells
via an _________________________
CARDIAC MUSCLE
CARDIAC MUSCLE
Nervous Tissue
•
•
•
Neural tissue is designed to send and receive electrical
and chemical signals.
Found in brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves
Composed of two cell types
• __________________
• Longest cells in body.
• Composed of three parts
• Cell body __________________
• Cytoplasmic extensions ______________
• Long single extension ____________
• Forms connections with many other tissues
• Sensitive to electrical and chemical changes
• ______________________
• Found in greater numbers than neurons
• Do not transmit impulses
• Are supportive to the neurons
Tissue Healing and Repair
• Body’s initial response to injury is
_____________________.
• Repair includes organization of granulation tissue
and regeneration of lost tissue or formation of scar
tissue
• Inflammation:
• 4 signs of inflammation: ______________,
____________________, _____________,
___________________________
• Sometimes is decreased function in that part.
• This isolates area to prevent further damage
• Inflammation is not same as infection.
Steps in the Process of
Inflammation
• 1. Inflammation begins and then
vasodilation. Blood flow and oxygen and
nutrient supply is increased to area.
• 2. Swelling occurs
• 3. Clot formation takes place
• 4. Debris is removed by phagocytic cells
• 5. ____________ and _________ help to
reduce swelling and heat.
Organization: The formation of
Granulation Tissue
• New tissue is formed called
________________________________
• Composed of collagen fibers that has
been manufactured by fibroblasts.
• If granulation tissue becomes too thick, will
be called _______________________.
• Granulation tissue is slowly replaced by
fibrous ____________________
• Helps to pull wound closed.
• Is less flexible than normal tissue
Proud Flesh
Classifications of Wound Healing
• ____________________:
• Wound edges are held closed
• Usually by ______________
• Skin forms a primary union without formation of
granulation tissue or significant scarring
• ____________________:
• Edges of wound separated
• Granulation tissue forms to close gap; scarring
results
• ____________________:
• Contaminated wound left open until
contamination is reduced and inflammation
subsides; later closed by first intention; also
called delayed primary closure
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