Transcript T Cell - Life is a journey: Mr. T finding his way

The Body’s Defenses
By: Ah Young Byun and Kaja
Kasperova
Vocabulary
• AIDS: (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome) a virus
that attacks the immune system.
• B Cells: a lymphocyte that produces chemicals and
destroys different kind of pathogen.
• T Cells: a lymphocyte that recognize one pathogen
from another.
• Lymphocytes: a white cell that destroys a specific
target at the pathogen.
• Antigens: a cell of the immunity system that can
recognize a molecule inside the body or outside.
Introduction
• Our immune system must be very sensitive in
detecting the features of other cells.
• Our immunity system must distinguish
intruders from our own cells.
• Also our defense network is as aggressive as it
must be sensitive.
Their task it to destroy foreign intruders such
as: bacteria, viruses, fungi, toxic chemicals, or
cancer cells.
Introduction
• The nervous system is the most complex biological system we
have.
• The nervous system consists of master glands, but main
thymus.
• The nervous system carries a lot of cells like:
1.Cells that prompt
2. Cells that alert,
3. Cells that facilitate,
4. Cells that activate,
5. Cells that surround,
6. Cells that kill,
7. Cells that clean up.
Basic Functions of the Immune System
•
•
•
•
The organs
Cells
Cell products
Messenger
molecules
This is the network to
protect us from
diseases, or heal
wounds which we got
by injury or invasion.
General Defenses
• For the barriers, the pathogens gets into your body
sometimes and damages your cells.
• When cells are damaged they release this chemical
called inflammatory response.
• Inflammatory response: fluid and certain types of
white cells leak from blood cells and go into nearby
tissues, than the white cells fight the pathogen.
• The inflammatory response is sometimes called the
body’s general defense.
• Phagocytes: are white cells that destroy the pathogen.
The Immune System
• Immune response: is the
pathogen is infected it can cause
a fever, which is also called the
third line defense.
• The immune system can
distinguish the difference of
pathogens.
• It reacts to the pathogens with
different defenses.
• Lymphocytes: are the T Cells, and
B cells, are the defenses against
the pathogens.
• T Cell: identify the
pathogens and distinguish
one kind of pathogen from
another.
• Antigens: are molecules on
cells that recognize if they
are part of your body or
not.
• B Cells: produce chemicals
that destroy every kind of
pathogen.
• Antibodies: the chemicals
the B cells produce.
T Cells
• The T Cell is usually divided into two major subsets that are
functionally and phenotypically different.
• The T helper subset is called the CD4 + T Cell, which is a the
most important coordinator of the immune regulation.
• The main function of the T cell is to fight of active factors that
activate other white blood cells to fight off infections.
• The other main type of T Cell is called the T Killer or CD8+ T
Cell.
 Which fights of directly certain tumor cells, or viral- infected
cells and sometimes parasites.
B Cell
• B cells circulate around the body with antibody molecules on
their surface.
• When the B cells get a signal of an antigen, they transfer into
a plasma cell.
• Their only goal with turning into an plasma cell is to shake out
an antibodies that hook on to the antigens.
• Some B cells also remember their fight with foreign intruders.
• Antibodies are produced only if an same invader attacks
again.
• Vaccines carry some of antigens, which follows for an attack.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JnlULOj
UhSQ
Cells That Kill
• Natural Killer Cell – is similar to the CD8+ T Cell but it kills melanomas,
lymphomas, viral- infected cells, and most herpes.
• Granulocytes or Polymorphonuclear (PMN) Leukocytes - this cells contain
of three cells (neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils) they usually rid of
parasites, and bacteria from your body.
• Macrophages – pick up and ingest foreign materials than present this as
antigens to other cells of the immune system (T Cells and B Cells).
 This is one of the most important steps in the immune response.
• Dendritic Cells – they are found all over the body and they are more
important than the macrophages.
 The problem is that we don’t know so much about the dendritic cells since
they are so hard to find.
Antigens
• People call antigens the fingerprints of the immunity system.
• Cells that are a part of our bodies send the “self” message,
and the cells that are not send the “foreign” message.
• Since the antigens attacks right away a foreign intruder, it is
always hard to do a organ transplant.
• So when there is a organ transplant the doctors give the
patient a drug to prevent the rejection of the new organ.
• When the immune system overreacts to an outside antigen,
that’s when you get an allergy.
 Hayfever is an example of a hyper response to grass, pollen,
or ragweed.
Antigens
• When the immune system doesn’t react the way it is
suppose to, the result is autoimmune disorder.
 Lupus erythematosus, and rheumatoid arthritis are
examples of autoimmune disease.
• When our immune system fails at reacting properly to an
outside virus, than a infection happens.
• From that if the immune system fails at identify and
destroying whatever is inside your body, the cells turn
malignant (which means cancer development).
• When a cell turns malignant, its surface also changes.
Antibodies
• Antibodies are the bodies complement to antigens.
• Antibodies are like marvels that can fit into million
keyholes of different antigens.
• Each antibodies has a unique molecular
configuration, which can fit into any antigen.
• Antibodies are carried around by the white blood
cells called lymphocytes (T Cell and B Cell).
• It is the B Cell that displays and secretes the
antibodies.
AIDS (Acquired immunodeficiency Syndrome)
• -disease caused by a virus attacking immune
system
• -one of the leading causes of death (usually 25
to 44)
• -HIV(Human immunodeficiency virus) causes
the AIDS
HIV
• HIV affects the
body
• more than 30
million might be
infected with HIV
• the body loses its
ability to fight
disease(when the
viruses destroy T
cells)
•HIV spreading
•used to reproduce only
inside the cell
•it reproduces only inside
cells (like T cells)
•it also can spread one
person to another which
means infected person to
uninfected person
•sexual contact is one way to
spread
worst thing is when a woman
has her baby inside the baby
can get infected
Inflammatory response
• -'inflammatory' comes from a Latin word
meaning "to set on fire“
• -the second line of defense-comtains fluid and
certain types of white blood cells
• -it leaks from blood vessels into nearby tissue.
• -then the white blood cells fight the pathogens
• -it sometimes called the body's general defense
because it's same as the pathogen
• -the kinds involved in the inflammatory response
are called phagocytes
Phagocyte
• -white blood cell that engulfs pathogens
• -it destroys them by breaking them
down sometimes the chemical produces
when the inflammatory causes a feverit
makes you feel bad, but it might be
helping your body fight the infection
How it works
• -the blood vessel widen in the area
affected by pathogens
• -this increases the area that the blood
flows
• -the blood that leaked out from them
make the affected area red and swollen
• -it feels slightly warm than normal if you
touch this area
The End 
Thank you for watching, and listening
