Transcript Chapter 7 Cell to Cell Interactions

Chapter 7 Cell to Cell
Interactions
When a signal molecule arrives
at a G protein-linked receptor,
the G protein
binds with a Ca2+
binds with calmodulin
becomes activated
binds to the signal molecule
becomes deactivated
In desmosomes adherin links to
_____ of an adjacent cell.
cadherins
integrins
connexons
ras proteins
plasmodesmata
Which pair are examples of
second messengers?
sodium and potassium ions
amino acids and proteins
steroids and lipids
sugars and starches
cAMP and calcium ions
The antigen response to many
antibodies is called
Polyclonal_____________
Chemically gated ion
Channels_______ open or
close when signal molecules
bind to the channel, allowing
specific ions to diffuse
through the channel.
. The signaling molecules that
travel the farthest are
endocrine
synaptic
paracrine
neurotransmitter
intracellular
Long lived molecules; affect
cells very distant from the
releasing cell; hormones
paracrine signals
synaptic signals
direct contact signals
endocrine signals
Some enzymic receptors and most G
protein linked receptors carry the signal
molecule’s message into the target cell
by utilizing other substances within the
cytoplasm commonly called
genes
antibodies
enzymes
first messengers
second messengers
Hybridoma__________ is the
name given to a cell formed
by the fusion of a plasma
cell and a myeloma.
Cyclic AMP and calcium ions
often behave as second
Messengers____________,
intracellular substances that
ultimately communicate
messages from receptors to
target proteins.
Plasmodesmata
encircle cells of a tight junction like
a belt
connect to intermediate fibers of
the cytoskeleton
connect the cytoplasm of one plant
cell to that of another
connect actin fibers of one cell to
the extracellular matrix of another
Molecules on the cell’s plasma
membrane; important in early
development; lipids,
direct contact signals
carbohydrates
paracrine signals
synaptic signals
endocrine signals
The class of cell surface receptors
that act indirectly on plasma
membrane bound enzymes or ion
channels are called
Gated channels
Enzymic receptors
G proteins
Second messengers
Antibodies
Intercellular communication
over long distance by means
of hormones is
Endocrine______ signaling.
Tight and anchoring
Junctions_______ cause
cells to adhere tightly to
each other.
One protein kinase cascade
begins with the phosphorylation
of the
tap protein
gat protein
sap protein
ras protein
sat protein
The molecules released by
neurons; released very close to
the target cells;
using neurotransmitters
endocrine signals
paracrine signals
direct contact signals
synaptic signals
The molecules that convert
extracellular signals into
intracellular ones are
neurotransmitters
peptide hormones
cell surface receptors
growth factor proteins genes
A pore that opens or closes
when a particular ion or
molecule binds to its protein
are said to be Chemically
Gated__.
Intracellular___________
receptors are those that can
diffuse through the cell
membrane and trigger a
response inside the cell.
Cells used for producing
monoclonal antibodies such as
interferon are
carcinomas
myelomas
arcomas
lymphomas
hybridomas
Short lived molecules causing local
effects; destroyed by extracellular
enzymes; important in early
development and coordination of
activities of neighboring cluster of
cells
synaptic signals
direct contact signals
paracrine signals
endocrine signals
Signal molecules activate
intracellular receptors in
chromosomes
vesicles
skin cells
target cells
surface cells
All Monoclonal
Antibodies______ obtained
from a cluster of immune
cells descended from the
same cell bind to the same
type of molecule.
Amplification____________
speeds up intracellular
messages and produces a
larger response.
Cell signals with short-lived local
effects are called _______
signals.
holocrine
microcrine
apocrine
paracrine
none of the above
In plants, cell-cell junctions can
only occur at gaps in the cell walls
through cytoplasmic connections
that form across the plasma
membranes of the touching cells.
desmosomes
tight junctions
plasmadesmata
cellulose matrix
adhering junctions
Signals with short-lived local
effects are called
light signals
synaptic signals
endocrine signals
direct contact
paracrine signals
Communication__________
among cells is a hallmark of
multicelluar organisms, an
ability the prokaryotes lack.
In anchoring junctions,
cadherins are linked to
The basement membrane
The cell membrane
The cytoskeleton of two cells
The nucleus
The endoplasmic reticulum
Small molecules or ions can
pass from one cell to another
through
tight junctions
communicating junctions
diffusion spheres
desmosomes
adherins junctions
Communication between cells can
occur by all of the following basic
mechanisms except
direct contact
paracrine signaling
endocrine signaling
synaptic signaling
signaling to digest plasma
membrane
Located on or within the cell are
Receptor_____________
proteins, each of which has
a 3-d shape complementary
to that of a specific signal
molecule.
Which is a common second
messenger?
cGTP
cMHC
cAMP
cATP
cRNA
In the digestive tract adjacent
cells develop connections called
desmosomes
gap junctions
ion gates
tight junctions
communicating junctions
An antibody is an immune system
molecule that is made by the host
as one of a multitude of responses
to an outside signal molecule. It is
called a
lipid
carbohydrate
glycolipid
protein
Cells in a multicellular organism
communicate with each
other by means of
Signal__________
molecules that bind to
receptor proteins.
______ junctions may protect a
damaged cell through chemical
gating.
Tight
Gap
Adherins
Occluding
Macular
Most cells are in physical contact
with other cells at all times by
forming permanent connections
called
gated ion channels
enzymic receptors
cell junctions
G protein linked receptors
Cell surface markers
Cell-cell communication does not allow
which of the following actions?
Determine an individual cell’s position in the
body
Adjust the metabolism of an individual cell.
Allow the individual cell to grow
Allow the cell to live forever
Allow the cell to divide at the proper time
Endocrine signaling involves the
use of
Hormones______________.