Transcript CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY

CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Antigen presentation
• Formation of viral proteins by macrophage
• Formation of antigen-MHC complex
TH cell activation
• Binding of TH cell to antigen-MHC complex
• Release of cytokines from macrophage
• Activation of TH cell to release cytokines
TC cell activation
• Activation of virgin and memory TC cells by cytokines
• Promotion of mitosis and differentiation of TC cells
Cellular destruction
• Binding of effector TC cell to infected body cell
• Induction of cell lysis by release of perforins.
HUMORAL IMMUNITY
Antigen presentation
• Formation of viral proteins by macrophage
• Formation of antigen-MHC complex
TH cell activation
• Binding of TH cell to antigen-MHC complex
• Release of cytokines from macrophage
• Activation of TH cell to release cytokines
B cell activation
• Activation of virgin and memory B cells by cytokines
• Promotion of mitosis and differentiation of B cells
Antibodies production
• Release of circulating antibodies into the bloodstream
from the plasma cells
ROLE OF CYTOKINES IN
ACQUIRED IMMUNITY
Interleukin 2
TNF-b & IFN-g
Interleukin 1
Cytokine
Site of Release
Stimulus
Effects
Interleukin-1
Macrophage
• Antigen-MHC complex
• Release of IL-2 release from TH cells
Interleukin-2
TH cell
• Antigenic stimulation
• IL-1 signals
• Induction of IL-2 receptor production
• Activation of virgin & memory TC and B cells
TNF-b
Activated TC cell
• Activated TC cells
• Cytotoxicity of target cells
IFN-g
Activated TC cell
• Antigen-MHC complex
• Activation of macrophages
• Increased expression of MHC
TNF-b
IFN-g
Tumor Necrosis Factor b
Interferon g
STRUCTURE OF
IMMUNOGLOBULIN
Glycoprotein molecules produced by plasma cells in response to an antigen
Light
Chain
Hinge
VL
CL
VH
CH1
CH2
CHO
CH3
Heavy
Chain
Constant
Region
Variable
Region
CHO
Domains
STRUCTURES & FUNCTIONS
OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Papain
Pepsin
Fc Peptides
Fab
Fc
Antigenic
binding
Effector
functions
F(ab’) 2
Antigenic binding & No effector
functions
IMMUNOGLOBULIN DIVERSITY
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN ACTION
Opsonization
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN
ACTION
Exotoxin Neutralization
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN
ACTION
Viral Neutralization
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN
ACTION
Complement fixation
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN
ACTION
Cytotoxicity
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN
ACTION
Agglutination
IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN
ACTION
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY
IMMUNE RESPONSES
ACTIVE VERSUS PASSIVE
IMMUNITY
Acquired Immunity
Naturally Acquired
Artificially Acquired