Transcript Unit 5

Unit 5
Health and Medicine
• Part I Warming up
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Training focus:
1) News summary
2) Vocabulary involved in health report
News Item 1.
Pre-listening
transplant surgery: an operation in which a new organ is
put into someone's body
• a liver/kidney transplant
surgeon: a doctor who is specially trained to perform
medical operations
• tissue:
• a group of connected cells in an animal or plant that are
similar to each other, have the same purpose and form the
stated part of the animal or plant:
human tissue/ plant tissue
brain/lung/muscle/fat tissue
• Parkinson’s : a progressive nervous disease occurring most
often after the age of 50, associated with the destruction
of brain cells that produce dopamine多巴胺and
characterized by muscular tremor, slowing of movement,
partial facial paralysis, peculiarity of gait and posture,
and weakness
• 【医】帕金森氏病
• adrenal gland: 【解】肾上腺
• This news item is about
A successful brain tissue transplant carried out
___________________________________
by a South African surgeon.
___________________________________
• The surgery was performed ________
a week ago on a
patient suffering from
Parkinson’s disease.
______________________________
• Item 2.
• Pre-listening
• What treatment does a cancer patient receive?
• chemotherapy:化学疗法
• defense mechanism: 防御机制
• This news item is about
the
discovery of a new way to increase the
___________________________________
___________________________________
effectiveness
of chemotherapy
• The effectiveness of chemotherapy can be increased
by inhibiting ________________________
a natural defense mechanism
employed by cancer cells.
• Item 3
• glaucoma:【医】青光眼,绿内障
• This news item is about
the discovery of a new way to treat glaucoma.
___________________________________
the death of brain cell
• Glaucoma involves _____________________.
• Item 4
• chronic illness: 慢性疾病
• This news item is about
a new research on writing which shows that
___________________________________
writing can help people with chronic illnesses
___________________________________
improve their health.
• The study adds to the growing amount of
scientific literature suggesting that
___________________________________
meeting patients’ psychological needs
___________________________________
produces physical health benefits.
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Item 5.
acupuncture: 针灸,针刺疗法
qi, yin, yang: 气，阴，阳
insert needle: 插针
channels and meridians: 经络脉络
crisscross: to move or exist in a pattern of lines crossing
something or each other:
• 纵横交错
This area of the city is criss-crossed by railway lines.
• anesthesia: 【医】麻醉
• This news item is about
___________________________________
the theory and function of acupuncture.
• One of the key benefits of acupuncture is that it
side-effects and that when used with
has few ________
standard drug treatment it allows physicians to
cut back on medication.
_______________________.
• B. Definitions of some words.
• 1. GMO & GE
• Basically, genetic modification is when a scientist
instructions
removes a ____that
carries particular _______
gene
characteristic from _____
DNA of one
for a particular __________
organism and ______
inserts that gene into the DNA of
another
organism The
_______(sometimes
very different)_______.
result is called a ______________________or
genetically modified organism
GMO. This technology is also referred to generally
genetic engineering or GE.
as ______________
• 2. Organic, Semi-organic
• Organic generally refers to farming using no
pest control
artificial
fertilizers
_______________or
_________chemicals,
and the _____produced
by this _______method.
food
farming
Semi-organic means farming using as
little________________,
artificial fertilizers etc. as possible. “Semi”
means “____”. half
• 3. Transgenic organisms
• Transgenic organisms are created when a short
genetic material from an ________
unrelated
section of ____________
species is introduced into____________,
another species for
animal genes to a ______.
plant “Trans”
example, _______
means “__________”.
going across
• 4. Pharming
• A pun on the word for farming. It means using
animals
cows, goats and pigs that
farm _______such
as_______________,
have been genetically changed, to produce
pharmaceutical drugs Pharming beginning with
________________.
a “ph” is pronounced the same as _________
farming
beginning with an “f”.
5. Frankenstein: a novel by Mary Wollstonecraft
Shelley. Dr. Victor Frankenstein, makes a manlike
monster from parts of cadavers尸首and brings it to
life by the power of an electrical charge.
• subman: of less than human qualities
• 类人的;低于人类的
• Frankenstein refers to the novel of that name
1797--1851 The
by Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley (________).
scientist
subhuman
novel is about a ______who
creates a ________
creature that ends up destroying him. So
Frankenstein means any
creation that ends up destroying the creator.
“_______________________________”
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actions/ present
responsibility recognize create
imposed fate forces
diagnosis and treatment
textbooks
interactive questions
alternative results
affect
brainwaves
check out/ busy， tired
brain activity /scalp / performing well /too tired
computer analysis / monitor
• Part II Frankenstein food or food to feed the
world?
• Training focus: Outlining
• Pre-listening
• controversy: a discussion marked especially by the
expression of opposing views
• pros and cons: an argument or evidence in
affirmation and an argument or evidence in
opposition
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modify: to make minor changes in
修正,变更,修饰
repair a genetic defect:
修复基因缺陷
gene therapy: The treatment of certain disorders,
especially those caused by genetic anomalies or
deficiencies, by introducing specific engineered genes into
a patient‘s cells.
• 基因疗法
• opponent: one that takes an opposite position (as in a
debate, contest, or conflict)
• non-reversible: not able to be turned or changed back to
its former state; not able to be reversed
• dominance: the influence or control over ecological
communities exerted by a dominant.
• 优势;支配(地位),统治(地位)
• immune system: The system in the body that works to
ward off infection and disease. Central to this system are
the white blood cells. Some white blood cells produce
antibodies in response to specific antigens抗原that may
invade the body; others function as scavengers清扫工to
fight infection by destroying bacteria and removing dead
cells.
• 免疫系统
• guinea pig: 1) a small animal
• 豚鼠
• 2) a person who is used as a subject
for experimentation or research.
• molecular:分子的
• Pre-listening questions:
• Have you had or do you know any genetic
engineered food?
• Do you think it is safe to have them or are there
any disadvantages of GE food?
• We will listen to a talk about GE food. Listen
and finish the outline with what you hear on the
tape.
• 1. Possible functions of GE
a genetic “defect”
• A. To repair ______________
• B. To make ________________________
a characteristic already natural to
that organism even better.
• _________________________________
resistance to disease or outside damage
• C. To improve ___________________________
• D. To make ___________________________
The organism do something it would not
normally do
• II. The Pros
•chemical inputs to the land
• A. Reducing _______________________
• B. Helping ________________
the environment
• C. Increasing _________________________
the possibility of growing crops in
difficult geographic areas.
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_________________________
• D. Improving________________________
nutritional qualities of food.
• III. The cons
• A. Upsetting the complex environmental balance
• B. Creating many new non-reversible ecological
problems.
• C. Increasing the dominance of major corporations.
• D. Disadvantaging small farmers.
• E. Causing damage to the human immune system
• F. Causing cancer
Part III Medical emergency 911
• Training focus: 1) number sequence of events
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2) Note-taking
• Pre-listening:
• 1. When a fire breaks out, what would you do?
• What number do you have to dial in order to get
firemen?
• 119.
• Then what if someone is injured or having a serious health
problem?
120 to get an ambulance.
• The number you dial is _____
• If a serious crime takes place, who would you turn to for
help?
The police
• How can you get policeman as soon as possible?
•Dial 110
• Do you know anything about the system of delivering
emergency care in the Unite States?
• We will listen to a report about it.
• 2. Work out the meaning of the following:
• trauma:
• a severe injury, usually caused by a violent attack
or an accident
• 外伤
• ambulance:
• a specially equipped vehicle
• used to transport the sick or injured.
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• helicopter: a helicopter is an aircraft which is
lifted and propelled by large horizontal rotors
(propellers)
paramedic:
a specially trained medical technician licensed to
provide a wide range of emergency services (as
defibrillation (使用电击方法的) 去心脏纤颤
and the intravenous administration of drugs)
before or during transportation to a hospital
医务辅助人;伞降医务人员;伞兵医务员
dispatch: to send off or away with promptness or
speed
intravenous 静脉内的
blood plasma:
血浆;
contagious: spreading quickly among people:
Fear is contagious.
stretcher:
a device for carrying a sick, injured, or dead person
medevac: medical + evacuation
emergency evacuation of the sick or wounded
军用直升机;伤兵撤退;伤兵撤退用直升机
SYSCOM: System Communication Center
A. Listen and number the following major points
according to the order you hear them.
( 4 ) a. How SYSCOM operates
( 3 ) b. Purpose of SYSCOM
( 1 ) c. Treatment by ambulance workers
( 2 ) d. Response to shooting accident
B. Take notes for the questions
C. Read the questions and write the answers in note
form.
1. How does this system help if you have a serious
accident?
a. ________________________________
Know where and when an accident happens.
b. _________________________
Immediate action/ life-saving care
2. How is this system activated?
__________________
By dialing 911.
3. Where is your call forwarded?
_________________________________
To fire department’s emergency rescue service
____________________________
then to nearest help
____________________________
depending on information given
4. In this report, what kind of accident has happened?
Shooting
accident.
________________________________
5. Who responds first? How long does it take to respond?
Paramedic supervisor
___________________________
9 minutes
__________
6. How does Lt. Fahey act? What effect does he have
on the patient?
__________________
Deliberately / calmly
calm patient down
_________________
7. What condition is the patient in when he is put in
the ambulance?
______________
In shock.
8. What has everyone agreed to do for this man? Why?
_______________________________
Send him to the regional shock trauma center
_______________________________
center is 6 min. away by land
_______________________________
available / equipped for his injury
9.
What is SYSCOM?
______________________________
System communication center
10. What important function does SYSCOM serve?
_______________________
Dispatch point for helicopter.
11. What can SYSCOM do for paramedics?
________________________________
Connect them by radio to hospitals and
_______________________________
emergency specialists.
9. According to Dr. Cowley, what needs to be done in
order to save a person’s life?
________________________________
Stop bleeding and restore blood pressure
within an hour of accident.
_________________________________