Transcript Review: Chapters 12 & 14 and HIV

Review: Chapters
12, 14, and HIV
Blood
Blood
The total blood volume in an average adult is
about:
a. 8 liters/17 pints
b. one liter/~1 quart
c. 5 liters/11 pints
d. 10 liters/21 pints
Blood plasma is made up mostly of:
a. dissolved ions
b. water
c. plasma proteins
d. hemoglobin
How long do erythrocytes (red blood
cells) normally stay in circulation?
a. 10 days
b. 120 days
c. one year
d. one month
Oxygen is transported by red blood
cells by binding to:
a. specific receptors on the plasma
membrane
b. the iron ion in the heme portion of
hemoglobin
c. specific receptors on the nucleus
of the red blood cell
d. attaching to the ABO antigen
The function of hemoglobin is to:
a. protect the DNA of erythrocytes
b. produce red blood cells
c. produce antibodies
d. carry oxygen
The formed elements that are fragments of
larger cells called megakaryocytes are:
a. neutrophils
b. lymphocytes
c. erythrocytes
d. thrombocytes = platelets
Platelets initially stick to the wall of a damaged
blood vessel because:
a. exposed collagen fibers make a rough surface
to which the platelets are attracted
b. histamine causes vasoconstriction so that
the platelets can’t fit through the opening
c. fibrin threads act like glue to hold them
there
d. the intracellular fluid is released by damaged
cells in the blood vessel has a higher viscosity
than plasma
ABO Blood groups and transfusions
ABO blood groups
Blood type
A
Antigen on
RBC
A antigen
Antibody in
plasma
Antibody B
B
B antigen
Antibody A
AB
A antigen
B antigen
Neither
antigen
Neither
antibody
O
Antibody A &
antibody B
Know and understand the difference between
an:
Antigen: protein found on a cell
&
Antibody: protein in the plasma
Antibodies attach to the antigens and cause
agglutination (clumping).
Transfusion information: know and understand
why/why not some mixes are safe and others
are not.
Blood type
Safe
Transfusion
A
A&O
Unsafe
transfusion
“agglutination”
B & AB
B
B&O
A & AB
AB
A, B, AB, & O
None
O
O
A, B , & AB
A person’s ABO blood type is determined by
antigens present on the:
a. Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
b. Platelets (thrombocytes)
c. Leukocytes (white blood cells)
d. blood vessels walls
Which of the following would be TRUE for a
person with type B blood?
a. He theoretically could donate to a type O
person.
b. His own plasma contains anti-B antibodies.
c. He must be Rh positive.
d. He theoretically could donate blood to a
type AB person.
Which of the following would be TRUE for a
normal person with anti-A antibodies
circulating in his blood?
a. He could be blood type A.
b. He could be blood type B.
c. He could be blood AB.
d. He could be either type B or AB.
Type O is considered the theoretical
universal:
a. recipient because there are no A or B
antigens on the red blood cell
b. donor because there are no A or B
antigens on the red blood cell
c. recipient because there are no anti-A or
anti-B antibodies in plasma
d. donor because there are no anti-A or
anti-B antibodies in plasma
When an Rh-negative mother becomes
pregnant, when can erythroblastosis fetalis
not possibly occur in the child?
a. if the child is Rh-positive
b. if the child is Rh-negative
c. if the child is a universal donor
d. if the father is Rh-positive
Under which circumstances will an antigenantibody reaction most likely occur?
a. A person with type O blood is given type A
blood.
b. A person with type A blood is given type O
blood.
c. A person with type AB blood is given type O
blood.
d. A person with type AB blood is given type B
blood.
Plateletes are best defined as
a. cytoplasmic fragments of cells
b. lymphoid cells
c. giant, multinucleated cells
d. immature leukocytes
Which part of the human blood is primarily
responsible for transporting nutrients,
hormones, and wastes?
a. red blood cell
b. platelet
c. plasma
d. white blood cell
Which blood component is correctly paired
with a process in which it is directly
involved?
a. red blood cells-bacteria destruction
b. lymphocytes-antibody production
c. platelets-oxygen transport
d. white blood cells-clotting
In humans, which of the following is
produced in certain bones?
a. striated muscle cells
b. red blood cells
c. urea
d. bile
White blood cells that contain heparin and
histamines are the:
a. neutrophils
b. basophils
c. lymphocytes
d. eosinophils
Eosinophils are most commonly elevated
during:
a. viral infections
b. infections with parasitic worms
c. bacterial infections
d. chronic internal bleeding
The blood clot-inhibiting substance
released by basophils is called
a. bilirubin
b. Histamine = allergic response
c. Hemostasis = stoppage of bleeding
d. heparin
An abnormal blood clot in a vessels is a?
a. Embolus
b. Pathogen
c. Thrombus
d. Leukocyte
The Lymphatic System,
Immunity, & HIV
This gland shrinks with age and produces Tlymphocytes.
a. Spleen
b. Pancreas
c. Thymus
d. Thyroid
This is the largest lymphatic organ; filters
blood and produces red blood cells:
a. Spleen
b. Pancreas
c. Thymus
d. Thyroid
An important benefit of fever is that it
causes:
a. increased activity of phagocytosis
b. reduced blood flow to the site of
infection
c. activation of memory cells
d. opening of active sites on antibody
molecules
Many bacteria that enter the
circulatory system are engulfed and
destroyed by
a. phagocytic white cells
b. platelets
c. phagocytic red cells
d. plasma
WBC
Pathogen
Possibly fatal constriction of the
bronchioles and a rapid drop in blood
pressure are typical of:
a. anaphylactic shock
b. phagocytosis when it occurs too rapidly
c. overproduction of memory B cells
d. delayed immune response
You had a case of the chicken pox when you
where six years old. When you were ten,
your friend developed chicken pox, but you
did not. This was most likely due to:
a. naturally acquired active immunity
b. naturally acquired passive immunity
c. artificially acquired active immunity
d. artificially acquired passive immunity
Receiving an immunization with an altered
form of the tetanus toxin results in:
a. naturally acquired active immunity
b. naturally acquired passive immunity
c. artificially acquired active immunity
d. artificially acquired passive immunity
T cell and B cells are:
a. phagocytes
b. antibodies
c. lymphocytes
d. both phagocytes and lymphocytes
Heat as a sign of inflammation results
primarily from:
a. alteration of the thermoregulatory
centers in the hypothalamus
b. vasoconstriction in the skin, preventing
heat loss
c. increased blood flow, which brings in
more heat to the area
d. none of the above
More blood= more WBC (macrophages)
Plasma cells are a form of:
a. helper T cell (lymphocyte)
b. B cell (lymphocyte)
c. killer T cell
d. macrophage
Antibodies are produce by:
a. macrophages
b. plasma cells
c. neutrophils
d. killer T-cells
The body reacts against its own
cells in
a. tolerance
b. autoimmunity
c. immunity
d. awareness
Auto = self
Which substances produced in the body are
directly responsible for the rejection of a
transplanted organ?
a. histamines
b. excretions
c. antibodies
d. antigens
Your antibodies do not recognize the
antigens on the transplanted tissue.
In some individuals, substances such as
pollen, mold, dust, or animal hair may cause
an allergic reaction response by stimulating
the releases of
a. urea
b. thyroxin
c. glycogen
d. histamines
T-lymphocytes are responsible for
a. cell-mediated immunity
b. antibody-mediated immunity
c. programming macrophages
d. producing antibodies
A normal immune response requires the
presence of
a. T-cells only
b. neither T- nor B- cells
c. both T- and B- cells
d. B-cells only
HIV
The human immunodeficiency virus primarily
infects:
a. plasma cells
b. helper T cells
c. killer T cells
d. red blood cells