Transcript What is Blood Type?

Chapter 11- Blood & Immunity
Chapter 11 of your text includes:
 Blood types
 Blood parts
 Blood Clotting
 Immune
System

Today’s topic  Blood Types
A) History of
Blood Type!
What is Blood Type?
 In 1901 Karl Landsteiner discovered
there were 4 blood types.
 He called these "A, B, AB, O".
 Knowledge of blood types helps with
transfusions.
 If they don't match - illness or death
could result.

Karl Landsteiner
An American of Austrian descent
 He was awarded the Nobel Prize for
medicine in 1930 for his work to
identify blood types.

B) What He observed!
Noticed that when some
blood was mixed with another
it freely intermingled
 Other times when blood was mixed it
would stick in clumps.
 These clumps are called

AGGLUTINATION
B) What He observed….
Landsteiner's work saved many
lives on the battlefields of WW I
 Transfusions of compatible blood
were first performed on a large
scale at this time.

C) Why Blood Agglutinates!
All cells have protein markers on their
membranes called  ANTIGENS
 Each of our cells have unique
antigens that identify you as you.
 That is why when we receive donor
organs we sometimes reject them as
foreign material.
 This is called an immune response!

C) Why Blood Agglutinates…
Red Blood Cells are no different
 Type A have
Antigen A
 Type B have
Antigen B
 Type AB have both
 Type O have none

SO WHAT?
C) Why Blood Agglutinates…
Our bodies make Y-shaped
ANTIBODIES to attack
foreign ANTIGENS.
 On a first transfusion the blood freely
mixes.
 In the meantime you develop
ANTIBODIES
 The next transfusion
with the wrong blood
type may be FATAL.

D) Blood Donors – Antigens &
Antibodies!

Universal Donor = type O Blood
 Possess no antigens to set off an immune
response  freely mixes with all types of
blood (given in the ER)
 Universal Recipient = type AB Blood
 Possess both antigens, therefore no immune
response will be made  can receive blood
from anyone. (Who can Type AB donate to?)
 What blood type can A receive from? B?
or O?
D) Blood Donors –
Antigens & Antibodies!

Fill in the following table:
E) Inheritance of Blood Type!
Both A & B blood are dominant to type O
 Also type A & B share equal dominance
that is why we have people type AB
 Let’s do a cross:


Mom is AA, Dad is BB, what are the kids?
 Mom is BO, Dad is AO, what are the kids?
 Dad is AO, Mom is AB, what are the kids?
 Dad is OO, Mom is OO, what are the kids?
F) Sample Problems!

1)
2)
3)
4)
State whether the blood mixes or clumps:
A person with A type blood receives from AB
or B donors?
A person of O type blood receives from type
A, B or AB donors?
A person of type AB receives from type A or
O donor?
What blood type in the universal donor &
recipient? State Why?
ALL DONE?
F) Sample Problems!

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
Determine the inheritance of blood type!
What is the blood type of a child who gets an
A from Mom & O from Dad?
What is the blood type of a child who gets an
A from Dad & B from Mom?
What is the blood type of a child who gets an
O from both parents?
Mom is AA, Dad is AO  results?
Mom is BB, Dad is BO  results?
Mom is AB, Dad is OO  results?
Mom & Dad are AB  results? ALL DONE?

RH incompatibility test and treatment.

a.
RH negative women carrying RH
positive baby is a problem.

b.
First pregnancy leads to mother
producing antibodies against RH
antigens during birth
(Blood mixes...).

c.
Second pregnancy will see
antibodies from mom cross the
placenta and harm fetal blood
cells causing anemia and even
death.
RH -ve women now given anti RH
serum (RHoGAM) after birth to destroy
antigens and prevent formation of
antibodies.

The immune system will attack blood
with “foreign” antigens but will ignore
the absence of antigens.

a.
AB+ is a universal recipient

b.
O- is a universal donor.
What Now?
Video  Immune System: To Defend
and Repair
 Text reading: Chapter 11 p. 270-291

– Brush up on Rh factor for tomorrow

Chapter 11 review booklet tomorrow