Transcript 2/13 Human Organ System

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Tissue
A group of similar cells that work together
to perform a specific function.
Example: The heart is an organ made of
cardiac muscle tissue, nerve tissue, and
blood tissue.
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Organ
A structure made of two or more
tissues working together to perform
a specific function in an organism
Example: The heart is an organ that
pumps blood throughout the body.
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Human Organ System
A group of organs that are interdependent
and work together to perform body
functions.
Human organ systems include: circulatory,
digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune,
integumentary, lymphatic, muscular,
nervous, reproductive, respiratory, and
skeletal.
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Voluntary
Movement
that you can control.
Ex. Any skeletal muscle
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Involuntary
Movement that can not be
controlled.
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NO word• Pick up hand out and Add skeletal
/muscular/ integumentary quiz for next
Friday 2/24
• Add end of 3 weeks –March 2nd
• Add end of 6 weekd April 6th
• FROG Dissection: March 29th & 30th!!
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Tendon
Bands of tissue that
attach bones to muscle
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Ligament
Bands of tissue that
attach bones together at
joints
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Epidermis
The protective most outer layer of the skin
in animals, the outer layer of cells of the
stems, roots, and leaves in plants.
Ex. The outermost layer of the skin is called
the epidermis.
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Adaptation
A change in structure or habits,
often hereditary, by which an
organism improves its
condition in relationship to its
environment.
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Hemoglobin
A protein in red blood cells that transports
oxygen and carbon dioxide and gives blood its
red color.
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Cartilage
Cartilage is a stiff yet flexible connective
tissue found in many areas in the bodies
of humans and other animals.
Example: Found in the joints between bones,
the rib cage, the ear, the nose, the elbow, the
knee, the ankle, the bronchial tubes and the
intervertebral discs.
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2/24 Practice Test Questions
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at the door using the following strategy:
1. Read the QUESTION first.
2. Read the whole passage highlighting
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everything!)
3. Answer question.
4. Prove it! Go back to question and circle
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Neuron
A nerve cell that is
specialized to conduct
nerve impulses.
Impulse
Nerve Impulse: the electrical discharge that
travels along a nerve fiber
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Peripheral Nervous System
The nervous system which links the spinal cord
and brain to the skin, muscles, blood vessels
and other sensory organs.
Example: The PNS is composed of two types of
neurons. The sensory neurons and the motor
neurons.
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Central Nervous System
This system consists of the brain and spinal cord,
where many bodily functions are controlled,
many sensations are processed and signals are
sent to different parts of the body.
Example: Functions affected by the CNS include
muscle control, eyesight, breathing and
memory.
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Enzyme
A type of protein that speeds up the rate of
chemical reactions in the body but is not used
up or changed itself in any way during the
reaction.
Example: Chemical digestion is caused by
digestive juices such as stomach acid, and
enzymes produced by glands.
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Peristalsis
• Process of a wave-like contraction of the
digestive tract that forces food through it.
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Nephrons
Tiny filtering units in the kidney.
(Part of the Excretory System)
Example: They remove waste products
from the blood, recover some substances
to be used again by the body, and
eliminate what is left as urine.
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Villi
Fingerlike projections in the wall
of the small intestine that
increase the surface area for
absorption of nutrient molecules.
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Excretion
Excretion is the process of eliminating waste
products of metabolism and other non-useful
materials from the body.
Example: The urinary system rids the blood of
wastes produced by the cells.
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Alveoli
Tiny, thin walled air sacs in the lungs where
oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange places.
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Capillaries
Tiny blood vessels that branch through body
tissues to deliver oxygen and nutrients and
carry away waste products.
They connect arteries to veins.
2/29 Practice Test Questions
*Add to CJ section Practice test questions then
Start on Practice test questions you picked up
at the door using the following strategy:
1. Read the QUESTION first.
2. Read the whole passage highlighting
anything relevant/ important. (NOT
everything!)
3. Answer question.
4. Prove it! Go back to question and circle
where you got that.
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in your CJ. ( 2 Separate Words)
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Arterioles
The smallest arteries of the circulatory system
that carry arterial (oxygenated) blood.
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Platelets
Special blood cells that plug up damaged
blood vessels and help blood clot to stop
bleeding. Platelets also contribute to the
immune response.
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Antibodies
Proteins produced by white blood cells to fight
bacteria, viruses, and other foreign
substances.
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Hormones
Chemical substances produced by the
endocrine glands in the body, which circulate
in the blood and help to control growth,
reproduction and other functions.
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Pathogen
Any organism or substance, especially a
microorganism, capable of causing disease,
such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa or fungi.
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Lymph
The clear, watery protein-rich fluid found in
the lymphatic vessels. It carries cells that help
fight infection and disease.
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Structure
The shape and composition of part of
an organism or system
Example: An organism’s structure
determines its function.
Function
The specific job performed by a part
of an organism or system
Example: The function of muscle
cells is to assist in movement.
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