Transcript Immune System

Immune System
• Glossary of the
immune system
• vaccine
• viruses and
Bacteria’s
• immune system
interact
Glossary
• Helper t cells
• b cells
• killer t cells
• suppresser
• Lymphnodes
• Thymus
• Antibodies
• Antigens
• memory t cell
Macrophages
• A type of white blood
cell that seeks out and
consumes foreign
substances,capable of
pressing antigens on
its surface to other
cells of the immune
system
Helper t cells
• A type of white blood
cell that initiates an
immune response
when presented with
an antigen
B cells
• One of the many
components of the
body’s immune
system, a key player in
the production of
antibodies
Killer t cells
• A type of white blood
cells that seeks out and
destroys cells that
have already been
invaded by a virus or
some other substance
Suppressor t cells
• A subset of t cells that
turn off antibody
production and other
immune responses
Lymphnodes
• Small bean-shaped
organs of the immune
system, distributed
widely throughout the
body and are linked
lymphatic
Thymus gland
• Where t cells learn
their job
Antibodies
• A soluble protein
molecule produced
and secreted by the b
cell in response to an
antigen which is
capable of binding to
that specific antigens
Antigens
• Any substance that
when introduce into
the body is recognized
by the immune
system.
Memory t cells
• Remembers the virus
The Immune System in Action
Macrophages
• 1. The first cell to
defend is the
macrophage. The
macrophage tears
apart a virus and
brings it to a helper T
cell. If the fragments
of the torn virus are
recognized by the T
cell, they become
united.
Macrophage=Blue cells
Helper T Cells
• Once the macrophage
and the helper T cell
are untied, the Helper
T cells let off a
chemical.
• This chemical
stimulates the
production of other
helper T cell and
Killer T cells.
Killer T and B Cells
• Killer T cells are
called in to eliminate
other cells. Some of
the cells have become
infected with the virus,
these cells must get rid
off them.
• The new helper T cells
send for B cells. The B
cells then produce
millions of antibodies.
Antibodies
• Antibodies are tiny
organisms that B cells
produce. The
antibodies act like
little flags for the other
cells. They latch onto
a virus and the
macrophages attack
wherever the
antibodies tell them to.
Result
• After a few days of
this, assuming that the
virus does not
overpower , the
fighting will be over,
and the person will no
longer be sick.
More Results
• After a battle like this,
the number of
antibodies, B cells,
helper and killer T
cells, and
macrophages are
greatly reduced.
Memory Cells
• Even though most of
the other cells have
been destroyed,
memory T and B cells
are left over. It is their
job to make sure the
next time that this
virus enters the body
they remember how to
defeat it.
Viruses
• Polio
• The Flu
• Dengue Fever
Polio
• Most recorded case of Polio was in
1952- 57,600 people caught Polio.
• You can catch Polio from personal
contact, waste, or saliva.
The Flu
• Always putting on new disguises.
• Can come from pigs and birds.
• Depending on your genes, the Flu
is strong enough to kill someone .
Dengue Fever
• Travels on mosquitoes.
• Strong enough to kill someone.
• Began in 1780.
• Once you get a high temperature
your blood vessels start to pop.
• Primary carrier of Dengue Fever is
the Ades Aegyptic.
Bacteria
• Tuberculosis
• Leptospira
• Streptococcus Pyogenes
Tuberculosis
• TB has killed more than any other
virus.
• Not visible to the human eye.
• Underneath a microscope it looks
like a sprinkle.
• 2 to 3 million people die each year
from TB.
• Someone is infected every second.
Leptospira
• Causes serious diseases in
livestock
• 268 cases of Leptospira have been
recorded in France for the year
2000.
• Right now approximately 266
people have Leptospira
Streptococcus
pyogenes
• Caught from contact of mucous
from the throat or nose, also from
touching sores or wounds on the
skin.
• About 9,400 people caught Strep
throat in 1999.
• People who use steroids are more
likely to get Strep throat.
Sources
• Http://www.discovery.com/exp/epi
demic/inside.html
• http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dbmd/
diseaseinfo/groupastreptococcal_g.
htm
• What are vaccines?
• Vaccines are any
preparation used as a
preventative
inoculation.
• A vaccine is the
weakened form of the
disease or virus. This
helps the body make
antibodies.
• How are vaccines
made?
• Scientists grow the
influenza (flu) vaccine
in chicken eggs. The
egg incubates the virus
and then scientists kill
the virus and gives it
to the patients in a
weakened form.
• How do vaccines
work?
• The vaccine is a small
weakened or dead
dose of the certain
virus or disease. The
body identifies it and
the body makes antibodies so it knows
how to beat the real
virus.
• Vaccines help us
everyday. Without
vaccines millions of
people would die from
simple diseases.
Vaccines are the
reinforcements for our
body.