Transcript Step Up To: Psychology

Chapter 14: Stress and Health
What can I do?
Just Relax
Don’t Start
Stressed Out?
It’s part of life.
100
1. Whether we experience stress depends
upon:
•
•
•
•
A) the situation.
B) how life threatening it is.
C) our cognitive appraisal.
D) whether or not others are involved.
2. The two-track stress response
system involves the cerebral cortex
and the _____.
•
•
•
•
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system
C) heart and lungs
D) corpus collosum
3. According to Selye’s General Adaptation
Syndrome, we are most likely to become ill
as the result of stress during the ___ phase.
•
•
•
•
A) alarm
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) recovery
4. Stress is related to the leading
cause of death in the U.S., which is:
•
•
•
•
A) cancer.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) suicide.
D) stroke.
5. Research suggests that those with
Type A personality could reduce their
risk of heart disease if they would:
• A) drink more alcohol.
• B) sleep more.
• C) let their anger out on a punching
bag.
• D) let go of their anger.
6. A psychophysiological illness is:
• A) when a person is “faking” an
illness.
• B) a genuine illness caused by stress.
• C) an illness that is simply “imagined”.
• D) when a biological cause results in
mental illness.
7. With regards to the relation of
stress to illness:
• A) too much stress can make us physically
sick.
• B) sickness is just a matter of how strong or
weak the person is.
• C) stress can weaken our immune system,
making us more vulnerable to disease.
• D) stress has to be life-threatening to
be of any real impact to us.
8. Ader and Cohen (1985) performed an
experiment with rats that demonstrated:
• A) rats who were shocked had an increased
risk of cancer.
• B) cancer would spread faster under stress.
• C) the immune system can be conditioned to
respond to a placebo.
• D) rats would develop “Type A”
personalities under stress.
9. Besides the lymphocytes, our immune
systems release ___, called the “big eaters”,
to ingest foreign invaders.
•
•
•
•
A) macrophages
B) white blood cells
C) red blood cells
D) stress hormones
10. After the hurricane hit, those in
the community helped each other
clear the wreckage. This behavior
demonstrates:
•
•
•
•
A) optimistic style.
B) tending and befriending.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) problem-focused coping.
11. Being a pessimist:
• A) can increase your level of
stress.
• B) can shorten your life.
• C) can raise your blood
pressure.
• D) all of the above.
12. Mary has been suffering from the
“blues”. Your recommendation is that
she first try:
•
•
•
•
A) electric shock.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) Prozac.
D) psychoanalysis.
13. With regards to the
effectiveness of biofeedback:
• A) biofeedback is the most effective method
for alleviating stress-related illnesses.
• B) biofeedback is as effective as relaxation.
• C) biofeedback is ineffective for alleviating
stress.
• D) biofeedback is a modern “Snake Oil”
and only works because of a placebo
effect.
14. When alternative medicine
approaches, such as acupuncture, are
scientifically tested, results:
•
•
•
•
A) are never as good as they promise.
B) can be quite convincing.
C) are explained as placebo effects.
D) cannot be replicated in the
laboratory.
15. Regular religious attendance is a positive
predictor of a longer life span. Researchers
have identified three factors that explain this,
including all of the following, except:
•
•
•
•
A) healthier life styles.
B) social support networks.
C) relaxed meditative style.
D) faith healing.
16. Eliminate this as one of your habits
and you will increase your life expectancy
better than any other preventive measure.
•
•
•
•
A) smoking
B) drinking
C) inactivity
D) losing your temper
17. Most smokers began ___ and were
influenced by ___.
• A) in their early 20’s; parents
• B) in their teens; friends and movie
idols
• C) in their late 20’s; peers
• D) in their teens; parents
18. The addictive ingredient in
cigarettes is nicotine and it is:
• A) more addictive than cocaine but less
addictive than heroin.
• B) more addictive than heroin and cocaine.
• C) addictive, but not as much as heroin or
cocaine.
• D) not addictive if someone really
wants to quit.
19. James, a regular smoker, hasn’t had
a cigarette for a while. He is irritable,
has difficulty sleeping, and anxiety, all
signs of:
•
•
•
•
A) high levels of nicotine.
B) increased drug tolerance.
C) nicotine withdrawal.
D) resentment at being pressured
to quit.
20. Lou is more likely to be a cigarette
smoker if he:
•
•
•
•
A) is from the United States.
B) is less educated.
C) is wealthy.
D) is educated early as to its
harmful effects.
21. Your BMI is a ratio of your:
•
•
•
•
A) weight and height.
B) fat to muscle.
C) food intake to calories burned.
D) none of the above.
22. People who eat less to diet may reach a
weight level which is difficult to go below, even
with more dieting. This level is called:
•
•
•
•
A) metabolism.
B) BMI.
C) a set point.
D) fat-to-muscle ratio.
23. The World Health Organization has
estimated that ___ of all people are
overweight.
•
•
•
•
A) 50%
B) 70%
C) 40%
D) 60%
24: Exercise can help to lower your “set
point” by:
•
•
•
•
A) speeding up your metabolism.
B) burning fat cells.
C) building muscle.
D) all of the above.
25. Which of the following is the most
recommended way to lose weight?
• A) eating only one meal per day.
• B) eating less than 1,000 calories
per day.
• C) eating several small meals per
day.
• D) eating only pre-packaged diet
food.
Stop here, or continue as a review
1. Whether we experience stress
depends upon:
•
•
•
•
A) the situation.
B) how life threatening it is.
C) our cognitive appraisal.
D) whether or not others are involved.
550
2. The two-track stress response
system involves the cerebral cortex
and the _____.
•
•
•
•
A) sympathetic nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system
C) heart and lungs
D) corpus collosum
551
3. According to Selye’s General Adaptation
Syndrome, we are most likely to become ill
as the result of stress during the ___ phase.
•
•
•
•
A) alarm
B) resistance
C) exhaustion
D) recovery
553
4. Stress is related to the leading
cause of death in the U.S., which is:
•
•
•
•
A) cancer.
B) coronary heart disease.
C) suicide.
D) stroke.
555
5. Research suggests that those with
Type A personality could reduce their
risk of heart disease if they would:
• A) drink more alcohol.
• B) sleep more.
• C) let their anger out on a punching
bag.
• D) let go of their anger.
556
6. A psychophysiological illness is:
• A) when a person is “faking” an
illness.
• B) a genuine illness caused by stress.
• C) an illness that is simply “imagined”.
• D) when a biological cause results in
mental illness.
556
7. With regards to the relation of
stress to illness:
• A) too much stress can make us physically
sick.
• B) sickness is just a matter of how strong or
weak the person is.
• C) stress can weaken our immune system,
making us more vulnerable to disease.
• D) stress has to be life-threatening to
be of any real impact to us.
558
8. Ader and Cohen (1985) performed an
experiment with rats that demonstrated:
• A) rats who were shocked had an increased
risk of cancer.
• B) cancer would spread faster under stress.
• C) the immune system can be conditioned to
respond to a placebo.
• D) rats would develop “Type A”
personalities under stress.
560
9. Besides the lymphocytes, our immune
systems release ___, called the “big eaters”,
to ingest foreign invaders.
•
•
•
•
A) macrophages
B) white blood cells
C) red blood cells
D) stress hormones
557
10. After the hurricane hit, those in
the community helped each other
clear the wreckage. This behavior
demonstrates:
•
•
•
•
A) optimistic style.
B) tending and befriending.
C) emotion-focused coping.
D) problem-focused coping.
562
11. Being a pessimist:
• A) can increase your level of
stress.
• B) can shorten your life.
• C) can raise your blood
pressure.
• D) all of the above.
564
12. Mary has been suffering from the
“blues”. Your recommendation is that
she first try:
•
•
•
•
A) electric shock.
B) aerobic exercise.
C) Prozac.
D) psychoanalysis.
567
13. With regards to the
effectiveness of biofeedback:
• A) biofeedback is the most effective method
for alleviating stress-related illnesses.
• B) biofeedback is as effective as relaxation.
• C) biofeedback is ineffective for alleviating
stress.
• D) biofeedback is a modern “Snake Oil”
and only works because of a placebo
effect.
569
14. When alternative medicine
approaches, such as acupuncture, are
scientifically tested, results:
•
•
•
•
A) are never as good as they promise.
B) can be quite convincing.
C) are explained as placebo effects.
D) cannot be replicated in the
laboratory.
570
15. Regular religious attendance is a positive
predictor of a longer life span. Researchers
have identified three factors that explain this,
including all of the following, except:
•
•
•
•
A) healthier life styles.
B) social support networks.
C) relaxed meditative style.
D) faith healing.
574
16. Eliminate this as one of your habits
and you will increase your life expectancy
better than any other preventive measure.
•
•
•
•
A) smoking
B) drinking
C) inactivity
D) losing your temper
576
17. Most smokers began ___ and were
influenced by ___.
• A) in their early 20’s; parents
• B) in their teens; friends and movie
idols
• C) in their late 20’s; peers
• D) in their teens; parents
578
18. The addictive ingredient in
cigarettes is nicotine and it is:
• A) more addictive than cocaine but less
addictive than heroin.
• B) more addictive than heroin and cocaine.
• C) addictive, but not as much as heroin or
cocaine.
• D) not addictive if someone really
wants to quit.
578
19. James, a regular smoker, hasn’t had
a cigarette for a while. He is irritable,
has difficulty sleeping, and anxiety, all
signs of:
•
•
•
•
A) high levels of nicotine.
B) increased drug tolerance.
C) nicotine withdrawal.
D) resentment at being pressured
to quit.
578
20. Lou is more likely to be a cigarette
smoker if he:
•
•
•
•
A) is from the United States.
B) is less educated.
C) is wealthy.
D) is educated early as to its
harmful effects.
579
21. Your BMI is a ratio of your:
•
•
•
•
A) weight and height.
B) fat to muscle.
C) food intake to calories burned.
D) none of the above.
582
22. People who eat less to diet may reach a
weight level which is difficult to go below, even
with more dieting. This level is called:
•
•
•
•
A) metabolism.
B) BMI.
C) a set point.
D) fat-to-muscle ratio.
584
23. The World Health Organization has
estimated that ___ of all people are
overweight.
•
•
•
•
A) 50%
B) 70%
C) 40%
D) 60%
587
24: Exercise can help to lower your “set
point” by:
•
•
•
•
A) speeding up your metabolism.
B) burning fat cells.
C) building muscle.
D) all of the above.
589
25. Which of the following is the most
recommended way to lose weight?
• A) eating only one meal per day.
• B) eating less than 1,000 calories
per day.
• C) eating several small meals per
day.
• D) eating only pre-packaged diet
food.
589
Acknowledgements
• Step Up Created by:
– John J. Schulte, Psy.D.
• Based on Psychology,
Eighth Edition
• By David G. Myers
• Published by
• Worth Publishers
(2007)
Answers
1.
C
9.
A
17.
B
2.
A
10.
D
18.
B
3.
C
11.
D
19.
C
4.
B
12.
B
20.
B
5.
D
13.
B
21.
A
6.
B
14.
C
22.
C
7.
C
15.
D
23.
D
8.
C
16.
A
24.
A
25.
C