Transcript Immunity - UNT's College of Education

Immunity
Innate and Adaptive
Engage
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You will be watching a movie clip from
Body Defenses Against Diseases
Explore
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What Do Bones Have
to Do With the
Immune System?
You are going to color,
label and research the
functions of the immune
system organs.
Explore
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Immune System Manipulative
You will use large laminated pieces
representing structures like antigens,
interferons, anti-viral proteins, phagocytosis,
inflammation, leukocytes, and other concepts
of specific and non-specific immunology of
the immune system to illustrate the various
steps that occur during the “battle of the
antigens.”
Explain
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Are we constantly bombarded with
pathogens?
Are we constantly sick?
How do we not stay sick all of the time?
Nonspecific (Innate
Immune System)
Skin
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First line of defense
Barrier
Populated by millions of microbes that
inhibit the multiplication of pathogens
on the skin
Secretions
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Mucus, Gastric Juices, Sweat, Tears, Saliva
Muscus – keeps body areas from drying out
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Viscous (thick) – traps microbes, swallowed and
gastric juices destroy bacteria and their toxins
Sweat, Tears, Saliva
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Enzyme Lysozyme – breaks down the cell walls of
some bacteria
Phagocytosis
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What if microbes pass skin and
secretions?
Encounter cells that carry on
phagocytosis
Phagocyte –leukocyte that
ingests and destroys pathogens by
engulfing them
 Macrophage – giant
scavengers or big eaters –
develop from monocytes
 They eventually die and leave a
collection of dead white blood
cells and various body fluids pus
Inflammation and Innate
Immunity
Inflammation
Reaction to any type of injury to body tissues (Infection
or Trauma)
Four Symptoms – Caused by Release of Histamines
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Redness
Swelling
Pain
Heat
Phagocytes migrate to injured site
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Ingest pathogens
Release a chemical to cause hypothalamus to reset temperature
A temp is good to a point
Protective Proteins (Slide 1)
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Complement – group of proteins
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attach to pathogens
damage their plasma membrane
Attract phagocytes
What about viruses?
Protective Proteins (Slide 2)
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Phagocytes CANNOT
destroy viruses
Interferons
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Protect human cells from
viruses
Produced by body cells
infected by the virus
Diffuses into uninfected
neighboring cells
They produce antiviral
proteins that disrupt viral
replication
Adaptive Immune System
(Specific)
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Immunity – the body recognizes a
SPECIFIC pathogen
SPECIFIC – job of lymphatic system
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Humoral (Antibody) immunity
Cell-Mediated immunity
Three Basic Functions of
Lymphatic System
1.
2.
3.
Maintains homeostasis – constant
body fluid level
Absorbs fat from digestion
Defends against disease
Defense Against Disease
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Traps foreign particles for filtration
Lymph – tissue fluid when it enters lymphatic
vessels - colorless
Organs of Lymphatic System
Lymph Organs
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Lymph MUST be filtered before it
returns to the blood
Lymphatic organs
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Tonsils
Thymus
Lymph Nodes
Liver
Spleen
Peyer’s Patch on Small Intestine
Bone Marrow
Tongue and Tonsils
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Fights bacteria
and other harmful
materials that
enters your nose
and mouth
Lymph Nodes & Lymphocytes
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Lymph Node –
small tissue mass
that holds
lymphocytes –
filters lymph (e.g.,
Tonsils)
Liver/Spleen
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Detects and
responds to foreign
substances in the
blood
Filters out and
destroys bacteria
and worn-out red
blood cells
DOES NOT filter
lymph it filters
_______.
Antibody Immunity
(Chemical Warfare)
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Self vs. Non-Self
Initial Infection
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Foreign antigen get in the body
it causes the production of
antibodies
Reinfection – do not get sick;
have immunity - fight off
future infections
e.g., B-Cell produce
antibodies when activated
Bone Marrow
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B-Cells
Produce Antibodies
Thymus Gland
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Located above the heart
Where lymphocytes
mature and develop into
cells that fight SPECIFIC
pathogens
T-Cells
Newborns and Young
Children
- prominent
- continues to grow
until puberty
AFTER Puberty
- gradually decreases
in size
Cellular Immunity
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Memory B-Cells
Helper T-Cells, Killer TCells and Suppressor TCells
Continually circulate
through the blood
looking for the presence
of past infections
Vaccination and Immunizations
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Inject viral or bacterial protein into the
body to mount up an immune response
and cause immunity
Immune System Disorders, I
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Allergies
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Overreaction of immune system
Allergens; cause mast cells to release
histamines
Antihistamines
Immune System Disorders, II
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Autoimmune Diseases
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1.
2.
3.
4.
Makes a mistake and attacks the body’s own cells.
Can’t distinguish between self and non-self
Examples
Type I Diabetes – attacks insulin producing cells
Rheumatoid arthritis – connective tissue in joints
Myasthenia gravis – neuromuscular junctions
Multiple sclerosis – neurons in brain and spinal cord
Immune System Disorders, II
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Immunodeficiency Disease
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Immune system fails to develop normally or the
immune system is destroyed
SCIDS –
AIDS
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Elaborate
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Watch immune system clip with ice climber
Rob Taylor from the 1995 PBS video Universe
Within.
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You will visit the following website:
http://nobelprize.org/educational_games/med
icine/immunity/
At this website, you will find a link to an
animated immune system game that will help
you better understand the immune system.
Evaluate
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Without any assistance, you will
correctly label 5 out of 6 immune
system organs with their name and
function when completing the immune
system cut and paste activity.