Transcript Macromolecules and Your Body

Macromolecules and Your
Body
Anatomy
Carbohydrates
• Three main carbohydrates in body
– Glucose (stores energy)
– Glycogen (stores energy)
– Ribose (expression of hereditary information)
Lipids
• Four main lipids that are important to us
– Triglycerides
– Phospholipids
– Steriods
– Prostaglandins/ Eicosanoids
Triglycerides
• Store energy
• Butter, olive oil
• Get a lot from your diet
Phospholipids
• Lecithin and Cephalin
• Form cell membranes
Steriods
• Cortoicosteroids (cortisol, cortisone,
corticosterone)
• Synthesis hormones and help form
membranes
Prostaglandins & Eicosanoids
•
•
•
•
Regulating actions of hormones
Help immune system
Influences inflammatory response
Causes contraction of smooth muscle for
labor
• Contributes to production of mucus in
stomach
Proteins
• Functional and structural
Functional Proteins
• Regulate chemical reactions
Structural Proteins
• Form part of the tissues that provide
mechanical support to the part of the body
where they are located
Nucleic Acids
• DNA and RNA
DNA
• Genetic code and information
• Ensures daughter cells inherit data from
parent cells
• Code the ways proteins turn genes on and
off
• Needed to form mRNA
RNA
•
•
•
•
Carries genetic information
Catalyzes biochemical reactions
Adapter molecule in protein synthesis
Structural molecules in cellular organelles
– mRNA
– tRNA
– rRNA
– snRNA (catalyze reactions with mRNA)
– gRNA (edits RNA)
Combinations of Macromolecules
• Glycoproteins
– Mannose and galactose
– Regulate chemical reactions (similar function
to functional proteins)
Combinations of Macromolecules
• Proteoglycans
– Important for lubrication (increase thickness of
fluids)
Combinations of Macromolecules
• Lipoproteins
– Transport lipids in blood
Combinations of Macromolecules
• Glycolipids
– Cerebrosides (in myelin sheaths of nerve
fibers)
– Cell membranes
Combinations of Macromolecules
• Ribonucleoproteins
– Have enzyme like properties (slicing mRNA 
snRNPs)