Transcript Psychology - Wando High School

Psychology…
I. What is Psychology
I. What is Psychology?
 The
scientific study of behavior and
mental processes.
◦ ALL observable behavior.
◦ Mental processes
include thoughts,
feelings and
dreams.
I. What is Psychology?
Prescientific Psychology
 Ancient
Greeks
◦ Socrates
◦ Plato (student of Socrates)
 Mind is separable from body &
continues after the body dies.
 Knowledge is born within us.
◦ Aristotle (student of Plato)
 Knowledge is not preexisting.
 Grows from experiences stored in
memories.
I. What is Psychology?
Prescientific Psychology
 Francis
Bacon (Britain)
 John Locke
◦ We have blank slate
 Empiricism-
knowledge comes
from experience so science
should be about observation and
experimentation.
II. Modern
Psychology’s Roots
What’s In A Name?
1. E.B. Titchener
2. William James
3. Mary Calkins
4. Sigmund Freud
5. Ivan Pavlov
6. Wilhelm Wundt
7. John B. Watson
8. Margaret
Washburn
9. B.F. Skinner
10. Jean Piaget
11. Carl Rogers
12. Alfred Binet
13. Albert Bandura
14. Abraham
Maslow
15. Erik Erickson
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)
 Father
of Psychology
 Founder of modern psychology
 Opened the 1st
psychology lab
in 1879.
E.B. Titchener (1867-1927)
Founder
of Structuralism
Analyzed the intensity, clarity
and quality
of the parts of
consciousness:
the structure
Structuralism
 Studied
the basic
elements (structure) of
thoughts and
sensations.
 Broken down into
three parts: ex.
sensations, feelings,
thoughts
William James (1842-1910)
 First American
psychologist
 Author of the first
psychology textbook
 Founder of
Functionalism
Functionalism
 Our
consciousness helps us adapt
to our environments.
 Focused on functions in our lives.
Gestalt Psychology
 Whole
is different
from the sum of
its parts.
 Ex: Notes of
music put
together and you
have a song
Mary Calkins 1890
◦ (James) 1st female admitted into
Harvard’s Graduate seminar
◦ 1st to achieve PhD
◦ Harvard denied
◦ Memory researcher
◦ 1st woman president
of the APA
◦ Calkins couldn’t Walkins @ graduation
Margaret Floy Washburn
 1st
woman to earn PhD from Harvard
 2nd female president of the APA
 Animal behavior research
 The Animal Mind
Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)
Psychoanalytic
perspective
Behavior
explained by
unconscious
Freud’s Influence
 Influence
on “pop culture”
◦ Freudian slips
◦ Anal-retentive
 Influence on psychology
◦ Psychodynamic theory
◦ Unconscious thoughts
◦ Significance of childhood experiences
http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm
?guidAssetId=AD9C60BE-62E8-4785-B67F1EC5CDD5F460&blnFromSearch=1&productc
ode=US
 http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?asset
Guid=AD9C60BE-62E8-4785-B67F1EC5CDD5F460&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFrien
dly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&pro
ductcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader
=YES&homeworkGuid=

Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936)
 Russian
Physiologist
 Studied learning in animals
 Emphasized the study
of observable behaviors
 Classical conditioning
 Ex. dogs
John B. Watson (1878-1958)
 Founder of behaviorism
 Studied only
observable and
objectively
described acts –
unconscious was
of little value
 Environment
molds our behavior
B.F. Skinner (1904-1990)
 Behaviorist
 Focused
on learning through rewards
and punishment and observation
 Operant conditioning
 Rats and pigeons
 Food = reward
 Shock = punishment
Psychology Timeline
 E.B. Titchener
 Wilhelm Wundt
 William
 Structuralism
James
 Mary Calkins
 Gestalt
 Sigmund Freud
 Ivan Pavlov
 Functionalism
 John
B. Watson
 Margaret Floy
Washburn
 B.F. Skinner
7 Contemporary
Psychological
Perspectives
Psychological Perspectives
 Method
classifying a collection of ideas
 Also called:
◦ “schools of thought”
◦ “psychological approaches”
 View
BEHAVIOR
from a particular
perspective
Cognitive Perspective
 Focus:
How we encode, process, store,
and retrieve information
 Behavior is explained by how a person
interprets the situation – grocery store
Biological Perspective
 Focus:
Body & brain enable emotions,
memories and sensory experiences.
 Genes & Environment influence
individual differences.
 “feel-good” brain chemicals affect
behavior - depression
Social-Cultural Perspective
 Focus:
How thinking
and behavior vary
across situations and
cultures.
 Influence of other
people present?
Behavioral Perspective
 Focus: We
learn through
rewards, punishments,
and observations
 Behavior explained by previous learning
 Unconscious = little value
Humanistic Perspective
 Focus:
How we strive to meet our needs
for love, acceptance and achieve
our full potential.
 Behavior is motivated
by satisfying needs
(safety, hunger, thirst)
Psychodynamic Perspective
 Focus:
Behavior is affected by
unconscious drives, conflicts, motivation
and unresolved
inner conflicts
from one’s
childhood.
Evolutionary Perspective
 Focus:
How the natural selection of traits
promoted the survival of genes.
Perspective Activity
 The Case of Andrea Yates…
◦ Illustrates complexity & multiple causes of behavior
◦ Each group needs: scribe, presenter, time keeper, on
task person
◦ Looking at each Perspective, how would you describe
the cause of Yates’ murder of her children?







Cognitive Perspective
Biological Perspective
Social-Cultural Perspective
Behavioral Perspective
Humanistic Perspective
Psychodynamic Perspective
Evolutionary Perspective
◦ What important principle does this case reveal?
Careers in Psychology
What do they do?
 Psychologist?
 Psychiatrist?
 Counselor?

http://player.discoveryeducation.com/inde
x.cfm?guidAssetId=AA6602D9-68D74B9C-9DEAF90CBDA22A38&blnFromSearch=1&prod
uctcode=US
Clinical Psychologist
 Diagnose/treat
patients with
psychological problems
 Largest number of
professional
psychologists
Academic/Educational Psychologist
PhD in Psychology = TEACH
 Research
 Expand knowledge base of psychology

Human Factors Psychology

Study of how people and machines
interact resulting in the design of
machines and environments.
Industrial-Organizational (I/O)
Psychology

Application of psychological concepts
and methods to optimizing human
behavior
in workplaces.
Biological Psychologists
Explore the physiological roots and results
of behaviors.
 Might ask:

◦ “Do repetitive behaviors, such as piano
playing, produce changes in the brain?”
Social Psychologist
Explore the influence others have on behavior.
 Might ask:

◦ “Under what circumstances do young adults
conform to the wishes of their peers?”
Developmental Psychologists
Study the growth or development that
takes place from womb to tomb.
 Might ask:

◦ “How do the friendships
of 6-year olds differ
from the friendships
of 10-year olds?”
Cognitive/Personality Psychologist
Study thought processes, feeling, and acting.
 Might ask:

◦ “How does the memory
of an old home phone number
affect the memory of
a new home phone number?”
Majoring in Psychology…

Skills possessed by graduates:
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
Strong “people” skills
Good problem solving skills
Communication skills
Analyzing skills
Listening skills
Well developed, higher level thinking skills
Good research and writing skills
Sample Job Titles:






Mental health care
worker
Residential care worker
Career resource
coordinator
Events coordinator
Student Advisor
Youth care worker






Police officer / FBI
After hours emergency
worker
Job coach
Fundraiser
Psychiatric assistant
Volunteer manager /
coordinator
Areas of Employment:







Retirement homes
Hospitals
Non-profit organizations
Small-businesses
Human resource dept.
Street outreach
Volunteer services






Employment agencies
Residential treatment
centers
Personal / Family
counseling
Law Enforcement office
Post-secondary schools
Career centers