Transcript Learning Theories Presentation

Learning Theories
Brenda Lee Galvan
Cognitive
Theorist
Robert Gagné
(1916 – 2002)
 An American educational psychologist
 Best known for his book entitled “Condition of Learning”
 His work is sometimes known as “Gagné Assumptions”
 Received a A.B. at Yale University through a scholarship
 1962 joined American Institutes Research and wrote his
first book, “The Conditions of Learning”
 Retired in 1993 from Florida State University
The Gagné Assumption consists of:
 5 categories of learning
 Verbal information
 Intellectual skills
 Cognitive strategies
 Motor skills
 Attitude
9 Events of Instruction
• Gaining attention – retain the learners interest
• Informing learners of objectives – discuss the
learning materials
• Stimulating recall of prior learning – ask questions
to gain information about learner
• Presenting the stimulus – teaching the objectives
• Providing learning guidance – assist the learner with
learning activities
9 Events of Instruction (cont.)
• Eliciting performance – learner should complete an
activity on the lesson
• Providing feedback – inform learner on how they
performed on activity
• Assessing performance – evaluating the learner on
complete objectives
• Enhancing retention and transfer – provide the
learner with activities to help them understand the
objectives
8 Conditions of learning
• Signal learning – learner makes a response to a
signal
• Stimulus-response learning – specific response by
the learner
• Chaining – a set of responses in a sequential order
• Verbal association – making connections verbally
8 Conditions of learning (cont.)
• Discrimination learning – different response to
stimuli that are similar
• Concept learning – ability to make a response to
different incentives
• Rule learning – a group of concepts to show a
specific behavior
• Problem solving – the learner will use all rules to
solve problem
B.F. Skinner
(1904 – 1990)
Education
o Bachelor’s in English literature from Hamilton College in
1926
o Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1931
 In 1936 had his first teaching job at the University of
Minnesota
 In 1946 became chairman of the psychology department at
Indiana University
 In 1948 he was a contracted professor at Harvard
University and remained there until his retirement
Accomplishments
• Invented the Operant Conditioning Chamber (aka Skinner
box)
• Better known for his contraption of radical behavior
• He was granted many awards for his many achievements
• Received the Citation for Outstanding Lifetime
Contribution to Psychology by the American
Psychological Association eight days before his passing
Operant Conditioning Theory
• Behavior is being determined through positive or
negative reinforcement
• His educational goal was to make sure learners had
survival skills for themselves and society
• The teachers role is to emphasize on these skills and
help terminate behavior that is unsatisfactory
Gagné Assumption
• It covers all phases of learning through
intellectual skills in the classroom
• Instructor is encourage to master every step
with the learner before proceeding with the
next
Operant Conditioning Theory
• Reinforcements are used to guide a students
success in behavior
• Students can have a positive or negative
reaction to learning concepts
The Gagné Assumption on cognitive learning
consists of “The Conditions of Learning”
• Used in higher learning environments, his learning
style recognizes different approaches of teaching
Skinner’s Operant Condition is based on the
behavioral learning in education
• Rewarding students with an incentive for doing a
job well done is reinforced whether it was a positive
or negative behavior
B.F. Skinner (2008). In New World Encyclopedia. Retrieved June 18, 2013 from
http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/B._F._Skinner
Brown, A., & Green, T. (2011). The Essentials of Instructional Design. (2nd ed., Vol. ed.). Boston,
MA: Pearson Education.
Skinner, B.F. (1974). About Behaviorism. New York, NY: Random House, Inc.
Specht, P. (2008). Robert Gagné. Retrieved June 16, 2013 from
http://edtech2.boisestate.edu/spechtp/575/learningtheorist.html
Swenson, C. (2013). Theories of Learning in Educational Psychology. Retrieved June 19, 2013
from http://www.lifecircles-inc.com/Learningtheories/behaviorism/Skinner.html
Vargas, J. (2013). B.F. Skinner Foundation: Better behavioral science for a more humane world.
Retrieved June 16, 2013 from http://www.bfskinner.org/BFSkinner/Home.html
Wikipedia (2013). Retrieved June 16, 2013 from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_M._Gagné