Transcript Classical Conditioning

Question
What is classical conditioning?
How do you think it is used?
Demo
• I need 4 volunteers for an experiment
– You need to be willing to get hit?!
– But I promise I wont actually hurt you
Pair Demo
a) Students will pair up and decide who will be the subject and
who will be the experimenter. The subject will sit and relax for
2 minutes. He will then take his pulse for 30 seconds,
multiply by two, and record this as his "resting pulse.
b) The experimenter will tap a pencil five times on the desk and
immediately have the subject stand up and hop on one leg
for 30 seconds. He will take his pulse rate again, double it
and record it as "Hop #1. This procedure will be repeated
four more times, and data recorded each time.
c) Now the subject will sit and relax until his pulse returns to the
initial resting pulse rate. The experimenter will then tap the
pencil five times and the subject will take his pulse without
having to hop. He will record the data
What were the results
• What did you find out while working on
this experiment
• What do you think this demo had to do
with classical conditioning?
• Can you define classical conditioning
from performing this demo?
Classical Conditioning
http://www.spike.com/video/
office-jim-trains/2820493
Classical Conditioning
• Type of learning in which
a stimulus acquires the
capacity to evoke a
reflexive response that
was originally evoked by a
different stimulus.
• Ex.= Tapping the desk
with a ruler causes
someone to flinch
• Ex.= Tapping a pencil five
times increases your heart
rate
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
Classical Conditioning
• Theory began with
– Ivan Pavlov
• Found that when a bell was paired with
food several times…….
• Dog would then salivate by the sound of
a bell without the presence of food
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hhqu
mfpxuzl
How it works
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
How it works
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
How it works
QuickTime™ and a
TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor
are needed to see this picture.
How it works
define the following
• UCS: Unconditioned stimulus
• UCR: Unconditioned response
• NS: Neutral stimulus
• CR: Conditioned response
Extinction
• This is a gradual weakening and eventual
disappearance of the CR tendency. Extinction
occurs from multiple presentations of CS
without the US.
• For example, Pavlov's dogs stopped
salivating when the dispenser sound kept
occurring without the meat powder following.
Classical conditioning in
everyday life
• Conditioned Fear & Anxiety - many
phobias that people experience are the
results of conditioning.
• Bridge fear
Classical conditioning
in everyday life
• 2. Advertising - modern advertising strategies
evolved from John Watson's use of
conditioning. The approach is to link an
attractive US with a CS (the product being
sold) so the consumer will feel positively
toward the product just like they do with the
US.
Classical Conditioning in
everyday life
3. A Clockwork Orange - No additional
information necessary! If you haven't
seen this movie or read the book, do
it. You will find it very interesting, and a
wonderful example of conditioning in
action
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_NMze
pSePD4&NR=1
Operant Conditioning
• a type of learning in which voluntary
(controllable; non-reflexive) behavior is
strengthened if it is reinforced and
weakened if it is punished (or not
reinforced)
Operant Conditioning
• The main difference between Classical
Conditioning and Operant Conditioning
is:
– Classical = Reflex
– Operant = Non-reflexive
• Preformed to gain some kind of reward
• Ex. Gambling
Operant Conditioning
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=teLoN
YvOf90
Operant Conditioning
• In Positive Reinforcement a particular behavior is
strengthened by the consequence of experiencing a
positive condition. For example:
• A hungry rat presses a bar in its cage and receives food.
The food is a positive condition for the hungry rat. The rat
presses the bar again, and again receives food. The rat's
behavior of pressing the bar is strengthened by the
consequence of receiving food.
Operant Conditioning
• In Negative Reinforcement a particular behavior is
strengthened by the consequence of stopping or avoiding
a negative condition. For example:
• A rat is placed in a cage and immediately receives a mild
electrical shock on its feet. The shock is a negative
condition for the rat. The rat presses a bar and the shock
stops. The rat receives another shock, presses the bar
again, and again the shock stops. The rat's behavior of
pressing the bar is strengthened by the consequence of
stopping the shock.
Operant Conditioning
• In Punishment a particular behavior is weakened by the
consequence of experiencing a negative condition. For
example:
• A rat presses a bar in its cage and receives a mild
electrical shock on its feet. The shock is a negative
condition for the rat. The rat presses the bar again and
again receives a shock. The rat's behavior of pressing the
bar is weakened by the consequence of receiving a shock.
Operant Conditioning
• In Extinction a particular behavior is weakened by the
consequence of not experiencing a positive condition or
stopping a negative condition. For example:
• A rat presses a bar in its cage and nothing happens.
Neither a positive or a negative condition exists for the rat.
The rat presses the bar again and again nothing happens.
The rat's behavior of pressing the bar is weakened by the
consequence of not experiencing anything positive or
stopping anything negative.