Transcript Health Handout Info

Health
Handout
Info
3/14/14
How Wine Affects Your Health
Wine-making dates back to 6000
to 4000 B.C., when wine was
enjoyed by royalty and priests.
Today, wine is a staple in diets all
over the world. While alcohol is
typically frowned upon as a part
of a balanced diet, wine may
have its place in lowcarbohydrate, gluten-free and
even heart-healthy diets.
Does Wine Have Salt In It?
Wine usually does contain a
small amount of salt. The
salt can be added to the
wine in two ways, according
to AromaDictionary.com.
The groundwater where the
grape vines grow could
contain salt. Conversely,
sometimes saltwater is
sprayed directly on the
leaves and vine, and the salt
is absorbed by the grapes.
How Much Sodium Is in Wine?
Adults should limit their
sodium intake to less than
2,300 milligrams per day. Wine
does contain a negligible
amount of sodium, though
only enough to classify it as a
very low-sodium beverage. A
5-ounce serving of merlot
offers approximately 5
milligrams of sodium, while
the same-sized serving of
chardonnay contains 7
milligrams of sodium.
How Much Potassium Is in Wine?
The same serving of wine also
adds a decent amount of
potassium to your diet. Five
ounces of merlot contain 187
milligrams of potassium, while
5 ounces of chardonnay give
you 104 milligrams. This
equates to 4 percent and 2
percent, respectively, of an
adult's daily needs of 4,700
milligrams.
How Much Phosphorus Is in Wine?
Phosphorus is a mineral that
contributes 1 percent of a
person's body weight.
Phosphorus plays a role in
bone and teeth formation and
is a critical component of
energy production. A 5-ounce
serving of merlot contains 34
milligrams of phosphorus and
the same-sized serving of
chardonnay offers 26
milligrams. This is about 4 to 5
percent of an adult's daily
needs of 700 milligrams per
day.
Does French Wine Have Gluten?
Because wine is made from
grapes, it is naturally glutenfree. However, there are a
couple factors that may add
gluten to the wine during the
fermentation process.
Typically, in French winemaking, the wine is placed in
an oak barrel that is sealed
with a flour paste. This flour
paste contains gluten, and
there is a chance that it could
contaminate the wine. In some
instances, gluten is used to
clarify the wine during a
process called fining.
Can You Take Red Wine With Vitamins?
If you are taking vitamins, it is
best to take them with water,
rather than with red wine. The
alcohol in red wine can inhibit the
absorption of nutrients from the
vitamin in several ways. Alcohol
inhibits the breakdown of
nutrients, which in turn decreases
their absorption by decreasing
the amount of digestive enzymes
that the pancreas secretes.
Alcohol also alters the transport,
storage and excretion of
nutrients, so even if they are
absorbed, they are not properly
utilized.
Does White Wine Lower Glucose?
All alcohol, including white
wine, lowers blood glucose
levels immediately after
drinking it and for
approximately 24 hours
afterward, according to the
American Diabetes
Association. This can be a
concern, especially for
diabetics. To prevent dramatic
decreases, sip wine during a
meal. This can help stabilize
blood sugar levels and prevent
them from dropping too much.
How Much Sugar and Carbs
Are in White Wine?
There are several varieties of
white wine: from Riesling to
chardonnay to pinot grigio. The
exact sugar and carbohydrate
content varies based not only
on the type of wine, but also
the wine manufacturer. On
average, a 5-ounce serving of
white wine contains about 3
grams of carbohydrates.
Almost half of these
carbohydrates, or 1.4 grams,
come from sugar.
Does Low Alcohol Mean
Less Sugar in Wine?
The process of making alcohol relies on
the presence of sugar. During winemaking, the natural sugar in the grapes
is broken down by yeast and converted
in ethanol, or alcohol, and carbon
dioxide. The higher the sugar content of
the grapes used, the higher the alcohol
content of the finished product will be.
Thus, the lower the alcohol content,
the lower the sugar content will be.
Certain sugars are not fermentable, so
some sugar remains in the wine after
the fermentation process. This is called
residual sugar.
Does Red Wine Help to
Replace Electrolytes?
Electrolytes, which include calcium, sodium,
chloride, phosphorus, potassium and
magnesium, are electrically charged minerals
that play a role in water balance, muscle
function and pH maintenance. When
electrolytes are lost, such as through sweat,
it can throw off your body's physiological
function and cause a host of problems.
Because red wine contains sodium, chloride,
phosphorus and potassium, in theory, it
could help replace any lost electrolytes.
However, wine is also dehydrating -- the
alcohol blocks the release of antidiuretic
hormones, and the kidneys start releasing
water in the form of excess urination. This
process causes you to lose more electrolytes
and can be counterproductive. If you need to
replace electrolytes, consume electrolytefortified water or a sports drink.
Is Wine Really Heart Healthy?
Wine, specifically red wine, has often
been touted as a part of a hearthealthy diet. This label comes about
due to the presence of a specific
antioxidant, called resveratrol, in red
wine. Resveratrol may help prevent
blood clots, decrease LDL cholesterol
and protect red blood vessels from
damage. The Mayo Clinic notes that
there are a few problems with these
studies, however. They were performed
on mice, not humans, and humans
would have to drink more than 60 liters
of red wine every day to see these
heart-healthy effects. Also, it is unclear
whether resveratrol was responsible
for the benefits. More research is
needed before definite claims can be
made.
Love Your Heart:
Why Nutrition Matters:
Nutrition plays a key role in
keeping your heart healthy.
Choosing low-fat, hearthealthy foods such as lean
meats, fruits, vegetables,
whole grains and low-fat or
fat-free dairy products will
help prevent heart disease.
Avoiding too much caffeine can
maintain a healthy heart rate,
and certain vitamins and
minerals such as potassium
and vitamin B-12 keep your
heart functioning properly.
Can Certain Foods
Increase Your Heart Rate?
Hot peppers contain capsaicin, which
increases heart rate. The American
Heart Association states that people
who drink large amounts of coffee or
alcohol may also suffer from
tachycardia, or rapid heart rate.
However, a 2008 article published in
the "International Food Information
Council Review" reported that
research has shown that moderate
amounts, or less than 400 milligrams,
of caffeine, which is equivalent to 4
cups of coffee, does not affect your
heart health. Chocolate, tea, energy
drinks and caffeinated sodas also
contain caffeine; consume them in
moderation.
How Does Fatty Food
Affect the Heart Rate?
Fatty foods don’t affect your heart
rate but they can lead to clogged
arteries, forcing your heart to work
harder than it should. Some fats
are worse than others. Saturated
fats, which are solid at room
temperature and usually come
from animal sources, can raise
your cholesterol and lead to heart
disease. Fatty meat, butter and
high-fat dairy foods all contain
saturated fats. Monounsaturated
and polyunsaturated fats are
healthier for your heart. These fats
can be found in vegetable oils,
avocados, nuts and fatty fish.
Does American Cheese
Affect Heart Rate?
A 1-ounce slice of American
cheese contains almost 9 grams of
fat, mostly saturated. Eating large
amounts of regular American
cheese may raise your cholesterol,
which can build up on the walls of
your arteries eventually leading to
heart attack or stroke. Your heart
rate most likely won’t be affected,
but your risk for heart disease
increases as your cholesterol level
rises. Several manufacturers make
low-fat or even fat-free versions of
American cheese. Choose these
types of cheese as healthier
options.
Does Fruit Juice Affect
Your Heart Rate?
Fruit juice doesn’t affect your heart rate but
can be part of a heart-healthy diet. An
article in the 2009 journal “Nutrition
Reviews” reported that pomegranate juice
contains antioxidant, antihypertensive and
anti-inflammatory effects, all of which
protect your heart from cardiovascular
disease and high blood pressure. Martha
Grogan, M.D., from the Mayo Clinic states
that grape juice may have similar health
benefits as red wine including reduced risk
of blood clots, reduced LDL cholesterol,
protecting artery walls and maintaining a
healthy blood pressure. Fruit juice is fat-free
and cholesterol-free, but be cautious if you
take certain medications. Grapefruit juice
can interact with some heart medications,
which can be dangerous. Talk to your doctor
or pharmacist about possible interactions.
Does Fish Oil Lower Your Heart Rate?
According to the American Heart
Association, omega-3 fatty acids, the
fats found in fish oil, decrease your risk
of abnormal heartbeats. They also
decrease your triglyceride levels, slow
the buildup of plaque on your arteries
and slightly lower your blood pressure.
The AHA recommends eating two
servings of fish a week including
salmon, sardines, trout or albacore
tuna. Some people, especially those
who have heart disease, may benefit
from fish oil supplements. Always talk
to your doctor before taking
supplements.
Can Whey Protein Give You a
Rapid Heart Rate?
Whey protein, which comes from milk,
usually doesn’t cause a rapid heartbeat,
but if you experience heart palpitations,
tightness in your chest or a fast heartbeat
after consuming it, you may be allergic and
need medical help immediately. These
symptoms could be signs of anaphylaxis, a
severe allergic reaction that can lead to
death. According to the Mayo Clinic,
causes of a rapid heartbeat include
congenital malformations, heart disease,
smoking, drinking too much caffeine,
drugs, medications or an imbalance of
electrolytes. If you work out strenuously
after consuming whey protein and haven’t
stayed hydrated, your rapid heart rate
could be from the exercise or from
dehydration, not the whey protein.
Does High Cholesterol
Affect Heart Rate?
Cholesterol doesn’t raise or lower your
heart rate, but it can affect the health
of your heart and blood vessels. High
levels of cholesterol in your blood
increase your risk for cardiovascular
disease. As cholesterol accumulates in
your blood vessels, it gradually builds
up on the walls of your arteries. Over
time, this leads to plaque and
eventually blocks the artery, which
causes a heart attack or stroke. To avoid
this from happening, the American
Heart Association recommends that you
consume less than 300 milligrams of
cholesterol daily.
Does the Caffeine in Soft Drinks
Affect the Human Heart Rate?
The Mayo Clinic lists drinking too many
caffeinated beverages as one cause of
tachycardia, or rapid heartbeat. Most cola
drinks contain between 30 and 40
milligrams of caffeine. Some citrusflavored sodas with caffeine contain 46 to
55 milligrams and some brands of root
beer contain around 20 milligrams. If you
drink more than 500 to 600 milligrams of
caffeine daily, you may experience a rapid
heart rate. If you drink caffeinated
beverages, the Mayo Clinic recommends
limiting your caffeine intake to between
200 and 300 milligrams daily. Teenagers
should drink less than 100 milligrams and
children shouldn’t drink any caffeinated
beverages on a regular basis.
How Long Can Caffeine Keep
Your Heart Rate High?
Caffeine affects everyone differently.
According to the Mayo Clinic, people
who don’t drink caffeinated beverages
very often will be affected more than
those who drink them regularly. The
amount that you drink will also affect
the length of time your heart rate
remains high. According to Professor
Andrew Smith from the University of
Cardiff in the United Kingdom, caffeine
peaks in your bloodstream between 15
and 45 minutes after you ingest it. It
takes five to six hours for your body to
metabolize half of the caffeine you
consumed. Women taking birth control
pills and pregnant women take 11 and
18 hours respectively to metabolize
half of the caffeine they consume.
Does Taking B12 Raise
Your Heart Rate?
Vitamin B-12 lowers your homocysteine
levels -- an indicator of heart disease -- in
your blood. It doesn’t affect your heart
rate. According to the University of
California San Francisco, people with
elevated homocysteine levels were more
likely to suffer from strokes, heart attacks
and death from heart disease than people
with normal levels of homocysteine.
Those who took vitamin B-12
supplements lowered their homocysteine
levels by 7 percent thus reducing their risk
for heart disease. Adults need 2.4
micrograms of vitamin B-12 daily, which
can be found in fortified breakfast cereals,
trout, salmon, tuna, milk and yogurt.
Three Take-Aways From
Today’s Lesson:
A) Limit your alcohol consumption (when you’re 21, of
course!) to reduce risk of heart disease or cirrhosis of the
liver.
B) B) Make sure you eat a balanced, healthy diet of lean
meats, fruits, veggies, dairy products, and whole grains.
C) C) Check with your Doctor before you take any
supplements, or if you experience any strange side affects
like rapid heart rate or tightness in your chest; you may
have allergies you didn’t know about.