Transcript Learning Theories

Learning Theories
Instructional vs. Learning
Instructional Theories
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Instructional theory is best described
by the presentation of information to
promote educational learning.
There are two main categories of Instructional theory :
cognitive and behaviorist schools of thought
Leading Theorist
Benjamin Bloom
B. F. Skinner
Robert Gagne
Paulo Freire
Cognitive Theorists
Robert Gagne
Benjamin Bloom
Creator of Bloom’s Taxonomy
which divided educational
objectives into three
domains:
Creator of the model Nine
Events of Instruction
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Affective
Psychomotor
cognitive
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Gain attention
Inform learner of objectives
Stimulate recall of prior learning
Present stimulus material
Provide learner guidance
Elicit performance
Provide feedback
Assess performance
Enhance retention transfer
Behaviorist
B. F. Skinner
Paulo Freire
Major contribution to
learning was operant
conditioning
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Reinforcement of the correct
behavior while ignoring the
wrong behavior
Major contribution to teaching
and learning was critical
pedagogy
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A technique created to raise
awareness of how experiences are
related to society and how they
can effect the needed changes in
society
Learning Theories
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Learning theory is best described as a
process that brings environmental
influences and personal experiences
together.
There are three main areas learning fall under:
behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism
Leading Theorist
B. F. Skinner
Ivan Pavlov
Richard Atkinson
Kurt Koffka
Jean Piaget
Seymour Papert
Behaviorism
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Behaviorism only focuses on the what
can be observed in the way of learning.
Learning is viewed in three ways.
A change in behavior
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Behavior is created by environment
Principles of contiguity and reinforcement
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Learning is simply acquiring of a new behavior through conditioning.
Behaviorist Theorists
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B. F. Skinner
&
Ivan Pavlov
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Both developed theories
on different types
conditioning learning
Educational practices
developed from
conditioning learning:
direct instruction,
applied behavior
analysis, and curriculum
based measurement
Cognitivism
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Cognitivism is the mental processes in
learning.
There are two approaches.
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Memory system is the active processor of
information
 Prior knowledge plays an important role
Many aspects of cognitivism learning can be discovered in intelligence,
learning, memory as it relates to age and social role acquisition.
Cognitivism Theorists
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Richard Atkinson
&
Kurt Koffka
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Both developed theories
based on human memory
Short and long term
memory as well as
sensorimotor learning
plays a role on who we
are and what we learn
Constructivism
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Constructivism is a process where the learner actively
builds new thoughts based on current and past
knowledge and/or experience.
Known under many names.
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Self-directed learning
Experiential learning
Knowledge Building
Discovery Learning
In this model, the facilitator encourages students to discover things for
themselves and to build on knowledge by trying to solve problems.
Constructivism Theorists
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Jean Piaget
&
Seymour Papert
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Both developed theories
based on prior knowledge
and experiences
It caused a big impact on
teaching practices and
how information was
provided to students
Theories
Instructional and learning theories weave in and out
like a lattice fence. They over lap as they go their
own way. Instructional theory is the presentation of
information. Learning theory is simply the process
that brings our influences and experiences together.
There are three main areas behaviorism, cognitivism,
and constructivism. Everyone learns in their own
unique way. The men and women that studied how
people learn only answered the questions of why.