Transcript Metron Aviation - Center for Air Transportation Systems Research

Integration of Environmental Analysis
Tools with NAS-wide Simulation
INNOVATIONS IN NAS-WIDE SIMULATION
IN SUPPORT OF NEXTGEN BENEFITS ANALYSIS
Metron Aviation
January 28, 2010
Mike Graham & Terry Thompson
Materials from FAA/JPDO/NASA
COMPANY CONFIDENTIAL
Outline
• Overview/Introduction
• Review of Existing Models
• Integration for NAS-wide Modeling
• Conclusions
2
Introduction: Why & What
Why
• The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) requires federal
agencies to integrate environmental values into their decision
making processes by considering the environmental impacts of
their proposed actions and reasonable alternatives to those
actions.
What
• Air Quality, Coastal Resources, Compatible Land Use, Construction
Impacts, Department of Transportation Act: Sec. 4(f), Farmlands,
Fish, Wildlife, and Plants, Floodplains, Hazardous Materials,
Pollution Prevention, and Solid Waste, Historical, Architectural,
Archeological, and Cultural Resources, Light Emissions and Visual
Impacts, Natural Resources and Energy Supply, Noise, Secondary
(Induced) Impacts, Socioeconomic Impacts, Environmental Justice,
and Children's Environmental Health and Safety Risks, Water
Quality, Wetlands, Wild and Scenic Rivers
• And GHG coming soon
3
Modeling Fidelity
Some of the first questions we like to ask:
• What data is available?
• How will the results be used?
• When are the results needed?
Bottom Line
• What is the budget and what resources are available?
4
Outline
• Overview/Introduction
• Review of Existing Models
• Integration for NAS-wide Modeling
• Conclusions
5
Noise Models: Overview
Current Noise Models/Tools maintained by the FAA
• Single Airport Focus
– Airport Equivalency Model (AEM) – aircraft noise screening
– Heliport Noise Model (HNM) – helicopter noise in the terminal area
– Integrated Noise Model (INM) – high resolution aircraft noise analysis
• Air Traffic Focus
– Air Traffic Noise Screening Tool (ATNS) – noise screening for single aircraft type/single route
analysis
– NIRS Screening Tool (NST) – noise screening for multiple aircraft types/routes/airports
– Terminal Area Route Generation, Evaluation, & Traffic Simulation (TARGETS) – noise screening
for terminal area procedures
– Noise Integrated Routing System (NIRS) – high resolution aircraft noise analysis for
regional/multi-airport
• Policy Focus
– Model for Assessing Global Exposure to the Noise of Transport Aircraft (MAGENTA)
All models/tools share the same underlying noise engine developed by Volpe.
6
Emission Models: Overview
Current Emissions Models/Tools maintained by the FAA or
provided by EPA
• Single & Multi Airport Focus
– Emission Dispersion Modeling System (EDMS)
 generates emissions inventories (emissions screening)
 integrates with higher fidelity EPA models for dispersion modeling
– AERMOD Modeling System - A steady-state plume model that incorporates
air dispersion based on planetary boundary layer turbulence structure and
scaling concepts, including treatment of both surface and elevated
sources, and both simple and complex terrain.
• Air Traffic Focus
– “Presumed To Conform” – this is changing!
• Policy Focus
– System for Assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE)
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Outline
• Overview/Introduction
• Review of Existing Models
• Integration for NAS-wide Modeling
• Conclusions
8
Input Development - KEY
• Why is your input so important?
• Garbage In
Garbage Out
• Pay me now or pay me later!
• Constantly evaluating “How much is enough?”
• It depends!!
• Most of the models will accept text based files, so the trick is to identify the
tools and utilities that will make you most efficient
• Knowing the right tool for the task, isn’t always as simple as it sounds
• Just because you have a hammer, doesn’t mean it’s the best tool for the task
• Many of these tools and utilities can be used for validating your results as well.
• Often times they are one-off implementations
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Critical Inputs
• Demand
• Fleet
• Trajectories/Airport Use
IAD South Configuration
TAAM tracks - Blue
Radar tracks – Other colors
• Weather
• Terrain
• Land use
Population density and
tracks in vicinity of ORD
MDW Runway 31C
Departures
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Mixed Fidelity Environmental Modeling
Model
Environmental
Sensitivity
Tool
NAS-wide
Environmental
Screener
Regulatory Tools
Purpose
System
Inputs &
Assumptions
User
Inputs
Results
Technology
(Underlying
Models)
•
•
•
•
•
•
Light-weight
Spreadsheet Based
Simple Interface
Low Fidelity
Trend Analysis
Results in Seconds
• ICAO/EDMS times-in-mode for fuel
and emissions
• ICAO distance based fuel burn matrix
• AEM Noise Coefficients
• Population density by airport based
on 2000 US Census.
• Day/Night distribution
• Schedule of
operations (origin,
destination,
aircraft, departure
time)
• Fuel per flight divided by
mixing height.
• Emissions per flight
• Population exposed to
noise for 55 & 65 dBA
DNL.
• EDMS
• BADA
• AEM
•
•
•
•
•
•
Light-weight
Java Based
Simple Interface
Medium Fidelity
Policy/Trend Analysis
Results in Minutes
• US 2000 Census
• Flight performance database of all
aircraft times-in-mode based on
stage-length
• Great-circle distance fuel burn
• Noise maps database for all aircraft
• Schedule of
operations (origin,
destination,
aircraft, departure
time, arrival time)
• Runway
configuration and
use.
• Fuel per flight divided by
mixing height.
• Emissions per flight
• Population exposed to
noise for 55 & 65 dBA
DNL.
• Noise Contours
•
•
•
•
EDMS
BADA
NIRS
NASEIM
•
•
•
•
•
•
Heavy-weight
Java/C++ Based
Simple Interface
High Fidelity
Policy/Regulatory Analysis
Results in Hours/Days
• US 2000 Census
• EDMS (AEDT) fuel and emissions
below 3K
• BADA based fuel above 3K
• SAE based aircraft performance for
noise
• Schedule of
operations
assigned to
trajectories.
• Simple one to one
trajectory or
detailed
backbones.
• Fuel per flight divided by
mixing height.
• Emissions per flight
• Population exposed to
noise for 55 & 65 dBA
DNL.
• Noise Contours
•
•
•
•
EDMS
BADA
NIRS
NASEIM
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Environmental Sensitivity Tool (EST)
• Environmental Sensitivity Tool (EST) has been developed for policy oriented
analysis and is a light weight spreadsheet based tool for evaluating the
sensitivity of airframe/engine technologies and changes to fleetmix.
• In the summer we began development of the tool that calculates fuel, emissions, and
noise.
• Its been used to consider multiple upgaging scenarios
Min Upgauging
Total Fuel kg
Max Upgauging
Total 65dB DNL Area (LMI 110 Only)
Eff Upgauging
%change in fuel
%change in noise
250,000,000
160
-0.1% +2.5% +1.0% -0.3% +1.7% +0.5%
-4.0% -3.2% -4.8%
-15% -7% -12%
-15% -8% -12%
120
150,000,000
65 DNL sq mi
Fuel kg
-49% -29% -39%
140
200,000,000
Min Upgauging
Max Upgauging
Eff Upgauging
100,000,000
50,000,000
100
80
60
40
0
Baseline
Aircraft Only
City Pair
20
Airline & City
Pair
0
Scenario
Baseline
Aircraft Only
City Pair
Scenario
Min Upgauging
Max Upgauging
Total Flights
Total kg Local NOx (LMI 110 only)
Eff Upgauging
35,000
%change in NOx
300,000
+27% +13% +18%
25,000
+14% +17% + 15%
+12% +16% +13%
250,000
20,000
15,000
200,000
10,000
NOx kg
Number of Flights
30,000
Min Upgauging
Max Upgauging
Eff Upgauging
5,000
Baseline
Aircraft
Only
City Pair
Airline &
City Pair
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
Baseline
Aircraft Only
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Scenario
City Pair
Airline & City Pair
Airline & City Pair
NAS-wide Environmental Screener (NES)
NAS-wide Environmental Screener (NES) was developed in support of the JPDO and
NASA NRA as a light weight model capable of producing fuel, emissions, and noise
impacts.
Principle Capabilities:
• Includes a light-weight tool for generating
aircraft that meet future environmental
performance targets. (“paper airplane”)
•
Producing fuel, emissions, and noise factors for
all tiers of environmental modeling.
• Minimal input – flight schedule, runway
utilization to generate airport level fuel,
emissions and noise.
• Used iteratively to understand environmental
constraints that could limit airport or system
capacity.
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Aviation Environmental Tools Suite
Policy and Scenarios
Including Alternative Fuels and outputs from Simulation Tools as appropriate
Environmental Design
Space (EDS)
Aviation
Environmental
Design Tool (AEDT)
New aircraft
Vehicle Noise
Design Tools
Technology
Impact
Forecasting
Vehicle
Emissions
Design Tools
Design
Tools
Interface
New aircraft
and/or
generic fleet
Single
Airport
and/or generic fleet
Regional
APMT Economics
Operations
DEMAND
(Consumers)
SUPPLY
(Carriers)
Schedule
&
Fleet Mix
Global
Studies
Integrated
Noise,
Emissions,
and
Emissions
& Noise
Aviation environmental
Portfolio
Management
Tool (APMT) for Impacts
Emissions
Climate
Impacts
Emissions
Air Quality
Impacts
Noise
Noise
Impacts
Fuel Burn
Analyses
Fares
Collected
costs
Emissions,
Noise, & Fuel Burn
Monetized
impacts
APMT Cost Benefit
EDS = Environmental Design Space • AEDT = Aviation Environmental Design Tool • APMT = Aviation environmental Portfolio Management Tool
Federal Aviation
Administration
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AEDT – Simplified Users Perspective
Z
Time
Calculate
Pollutant
Concentrations
X
Airports
Database
Y
Calculate
Noise
Fly
Aircraft
Aircraft Data
Fleet
Aircraft
Database
Study-Specific
Database
SEL, Time Audible,
Lmax, Time Above
Aircraft
Performance
+ Fuel Burn
Movements
Aircraft
Data
Database
Graphical
User
Interface
<or>
Advanced
Input
Files
Calculate
Emissions
Repeat
for all
Flights
All Pollutants
+ GHGs
Total
Noise &
Emissions
Results
Database
Calculate
Additional
Noise Metrics
Weather Calculations
Aircraft
Non-aircraft
Data
Sources
Database
Terrain Calculations
GIS
Capability
Outputs
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9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
CO
HC
NOx
PM
SOx
Emissions
Inventories
Federal Aviation
Administration
Noise & Pollutants
Grids
Noise
Change Analyses
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Contours
AEDT “handshakes” with 4-D trajectory-based ATO
tools
Currently available in AEDT:
ACES
AEDT
Results
SIMMOD
AEDT
Current Development of a standardized input file:
Simulation
Output
AEDT
Standard
Input File
AEDT
Output
DB/Reports
AEDT
Will support 4D Trajectory-based Tools such as:
•
•
•
•
ACES – NASA’s Airspace Concept Evaluation System
SIMMOD – FAA’s Airport & Airspace Simulation Model
NASPAC – National Airspace System Performance Analysis Capability
SYSTEM-WIDE MODELER – NAS Airspace Modeling System
Federal Aviation
Administration
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Environmental
Output
AEDT Vision
Key Features
•4D trajectory-based
•Interdependent
environmental results
•Publicly Available
•SWIM compliant
data exchange
Federal Aviation
Administration
AIM Downloads
•Geo-coded info
•Fleet info
•Radar data
•Airspace data
AIM Data Warehouse
•Located in Tech Center
Atlantic City, NJ
AIM Uploads
•Airport Noise Contours
•Noise & Emissions Inventories
•Fuel Consumption
AEDT Web Server
•Located in Cambridge, MA
•Houses all AEDT databases and software
•Scalable
•Uncertainty Assessed
•Radar/Surveillance Data
•Integrated with 4D Sim tools
•Integrated with EDS & APMT
Environmental
Compliance
Federal Aviation
Administration
PDARS
ICAO/CAEP
Policies & Standards
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Research
NextGen
Planning
AEDT Development Timeline
Design Review Group meetings
DRG #4
Web Training >>>>>>l
DRG
#3
INM7b,
EDMS5.1.1
WE
ARE
HERE
with
ACES &
SIMMOD
1st
2nd
AEDT Alpha
AEDT Alpha
version forversion for
NASA NRAJPDO IPSA
Federal Aviation
Administration
DRG
#6
JAN-DEC
Stakeholder
Beta2
Testing
APR-DEC
Stakeholder
Beta1
Testing
2010
2009
DRG #5
Web Training >>>>>>>>l
2011
2012
2013
2014
with other sim tools…
TARGETS
PHASE 1
RAMS
Regional
Analysis
Capabilities
only
AEDT2a
public
release
Regional
Analyses
only
Sunset
NIRS
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PHASE 2
Full
Capabilities
+
Volpe AEDT
Distribution &
Maintenance
System
AEDT2b
public
release
Full
Capabilities
Sunset INM
and EDMS
Outline
• Overview/Introduction
• Review of Existing Models
• Integration for NAS-wide Modeling
• Conclusions
19
Conclusions
Integration of Environmental Analysis Tools
with NAS-wide Simulation
• There was a need for a more rapid evaluation of the
environmental impacts. Such tools are now being applied.
• Fortunately many of the tools developed for regulatory analysis
had the building blocks needed
• Other capabilities for screening tools are being developed and
continued to evolve
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Questions
MICHAEL GRAHAM
Metron Aviation
MOBILE +1 571 246 2531
OFFICE +1 703 234 0764
[email protected]
www.MetronAviation.com
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TARGETS/AEDT Interface
Radar Data
-Offload
-ETMS
-SDAT
-STARS
-ARTS
-PDARS
-Etc.
Formats
Nav Database
(airports, runways, etc.)
import
Display AEDT
Output
TARGETS
Export
AEDT Output
(raw &
summarized)
-TAAM
-SDAT
-RNAV Pro
-MapInfo
-ArcGIS
-KML
-ACRP
-others…
AEDT
InventoryProcessor.exe
Movements Database
(MOVEMENTS_ACES or
MOVEMENTS_SIMMOD)
EventResults Database
AEDT
-EVR_COMBINED
(Performance, Emissions, Acoustics)
-ACR_NOISE
-OD_PAIR
-FLIGHT
-FLIGHT_TRAJECTORY
Fleet Database
MS SQL SERVER
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Airport Database
AEDT Connectivity with 4D Simulation Tools
•ACES – NASA’s Airspace Concept Evaluation
System
•NASPAC – National Airspace System
Performance Analysis Capability
ACES
NASPAC
TARGETS
•RAMS – Reorganised ATC Mathematical
Simulator
•SIMMOD – FAA’s Airport & Airspace
Simulation Model
AEDT
System-Wide
Modeller
TAAM
•SYSTEM-WIDE MODELER – NAS Airspace
Modeling System
•TAAM – Total Airspace and Airport Modeller
RAMS
•TARGETS – Terminal Area Route Generation,
Evaluation, & Traffic Simulation
Federal Aviation
Administration
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SIMMOD