Transcript CLASSICAL CONDITIONING

CLASSICAL
CONDITIONING
LEARNING
• Learning is a relatively permanent
change in an organism’s behavior due
to experience.
• Conditioning = Learning
Stimulus vs. Response
• STIMULUS: a feature in the
environment that leads to a change in
behavior
• RESPONSE: an observable reaction
to a stimulus
Classical Conditioning
• Ivan Pavlov is the founder of classical
conditioning
• Pavlov trained dogs to salivate in
response to a bell ringing
Pavlov’s Experiment
• Before conditioning, food (Unconditioned
Stimulus, US) produces salivation
(Unconditioned Response, UR). However, the
tone (neutral stimulus) does not
Pavlov’s Experiment
• During conditioning, the neutral stimulus
(tone) and the US (food) are paired, resulting
in salivation (UR). After conditioning, the
neutral stimulus (now Conditioned Stimulus,
CS) elicits salivation (now Conditioned
Response, CR)
Extinction
When the US (food) does not follow the
CS (tone), CR (salivation) begins to
decrease and eventually causes
extinction.
Spontaneous Recovery
After a rest period, an extinguished CR
(salivation) spontaneously recovers, but
if the CS (tone) persists alone, the CR
becomes extinct again.
Generalization
• Act of responding in the same way to
stimuli that seem to be similar, even
if the stimuli are not identical
Discrimination
• Act of responding to stimuli that are
not similar to each other
Taste Aversion
• Learned avoidance of a particular
food
• Dan ate ½ gallon of ice cream. After
he felt sick to his stomach. Ever
since, the thought of ice cream
makes Dan sick.
– US: ice cream
– CS: thought
UR: sick
CR: sick