Transcript Chapter 3

Who’s in Control?
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Self-Control or External
Control?
 Perceived Locus of
Control
 Internals – individual
efforts make a
difference
 Externals- individual
efforts will not impact
outcome
 Discussion:
 Are you an internal or
external?
 What experiences
have shaped this
view?
 How does your view
impact your life
(positively and/or
negatively)?
 How does culture
impact perceived locus
of control?
Who’s in Control?
 Learned Helplessness –
“Why try?, it will end up
the same way anyways”
 Self-efficacy – “I can do
it!”
 Gender – impacts selfefficacy
 Discussion:
 What are your reactions to
the recommendations in
the text for “taking
control”?
 Which ones might you try?
Why or why not?
 What impact might a
passive (external control)
attitude have on an
individual’s life
experiences?
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Explanatory Styles
 Optimism –
“positive
thinker”
 Pessimism –
“negative
thinker”
 Explanatory
Style – “why
things
happen”
 Discussion:
 How would you describe
your explanatory style?
 How does the way we
tend to view
situations/others impact
our relationships?
 What influences our
explanatory style?
 Can we change or
control our outlook?
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Social Learning Theory
 Discussion:
 Bandura
 Observational
Learning – we learn
through modeling
what we observe of
others
 Can you think of a
recent experience
where you have
learned through
modeling?
 How does our choice
of relationships
(romantic, friendship,
professional,
academic) influence
our observational
learning?
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What Gets Your Attention?
 Novel stimuli –
new to us!
 Significant
stimuli – “what
you like”
 Conflicting
stimuli –
Against your
beliefs/values
 Discussion:
 How can we
use information
related to how
we gain and
maintain our
attention (and
that of others)
as students
and/or
professionals?
 How can we
use this
awareness in
our personal
relationships?
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Learning Theory:
Classical Conditioning
 Pavlov




US
UR
CS
CR
 Learning through
associations
 Discussion:
 Can you think of a
current example of
how you’ve learned
from associating one
thing with another?
 What are some
negative aspects of
classical
conditioning?
Positive?
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Learning Theory: Operant
Conditioning
 Reinforcement – stimuli
that strengthens
behavior.
 Positive reinforcement
 Negative reinforcement
 Punishment
 Discussion:
 Can you think of a current
example of how you’ve
learned through
reinforcement or
punishment?
 What are some negative
aspects of operant
conditioning? Positive?
 What kind of
reinforcement do you
use?
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A Self-Change
Program
A Five-Step Program:
• Identify behavior
• Observe behavior to
be changed
• Set your goal
• Design your program
• Monitor and evaluate
your program
 Discussion:
 Take a few minutes
to think of a
behavior that you
would like to change
(procrastinating,
bad habit, etc.)
 Briefly write out a
draft of a plan to do
so following the
guidelines provided
in the text
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Just
Do It!
 This aspect of the program
may be the most challenging!
 The end result includes the
satisfaction of knowing you
can do it!
 Discussion:
 Think about
how you can
move from
“planning” to
“doing”
 What are
your
potential
roadblocks?
 What are
your back up
plans?
 Who will be a
support to
you?
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