Transcript Approaches to Psychology

Do Now: What in the world
happened to Lindsay Lohan?
Neurobiological
Cognitive
Behavioral
Humanistic
Eclectic
Psychoanalytical
Sociocultural
What is the Neurobiological Approach?
Disorders treated well
with meds:
Approaching
psychological
disorders Issues from
medical perspective
Chemical
Imbalances, Lack of or
misfiring of brain
chemicals/impulses-
Schizophrenia
Bipolar Disorder
Depression
A.D.D.
Anxiety
What is the Behavioral Approach?
Belief that all behaviors are acquired through conditioning.
Rewarded:
Behavior
(Positive Reinforcement)
Removal of negative stimulus
Desired Behavior
continues
(Negative Reinforcement)
Ignored:
(Extinction)
Behavior
Introduction of negative
stimulus or removal of
desired stimulus)
(Punishment)
Undesirable
Behavior stops
Positive reinforcement: Increases behavior
Praise and rewards to repeat behavior
Good dog – sit…you
will get another
doggie biscuit treat
I will sit all the time
now so you will give
me a treat, although
I’d prefer bacon.
Negative reinforcement: increases behavior by
removing unpleasant stimulus
Example:
Mom nags Billy
to take out the
trash everyday.
Mom decides to
stop nagging and
asks nicely
Billy starts taking
out the trash
regularly
Extinction: decreases behavior. You are taking
something away so that a response is
decreased.
Suzy throws a tantrum when she has to
take a nap. Her Mom tries to calm her
down and gives her a lot of attention.
One day she decides to ignore Suzy’s
tantrum and just puts her in her bed,
returning her every time she gets out –
but does not make eye contact or talk
to Suzy.
Eventually Suzy stops her tantrums
because she isn’t getting any attention.
(Time Out’s are extinction)
Punishment: decreases behavior
by adding a negative stimulus
Punishment is the decreasing
of a behavior by introducing
an unpleasant stimulus or
removal of a desired stimulus.
Positive Reinforcement
• http://vimeo.com/5371237
You are in the grocery store and
your future child decides to
throw themselves on the floor
screaming and kicking.
What do you do?
What would’ve your parent’s
done if you did this?
What is Eclecticism?
Process of borrowing
from two or more
approaches
Some approaches fit one
situation, but not
another
Eclecticism
Some theories contradict
each other
Most psychologists lean
toward one approach,
but often borrow from
other theories
What is the Psychoanalytical Approach?
All psychological issues are
based on repression of
childhood conflict
(Freud focused on sex and
aggression as major drives)
Levels of thoughts, perceptions,
memory below our level of
awareness without our conscious
control.
- “Talking Cure” – patient will reveal
the problem to themselves by
questioning and reflecting.
What is the Humanistic Approach?
•Views people as basically good
•Carl Rogers: believed in unconditional regard
•all people were worthwhile
•Internal potential was more powerful
than outside influences.
•With ideal conditions, all humans were
perfect seeds that could bloom perfectly
What is Sociocultural Theory
Behavior: influenced by the rules & expectations
of specific social groups of cultures.
Motivation, interaction with others, family, goal
setting, and other goals are all impacted by your
environment.
What is Cognitive Theory?
So when you are about to take a
drink because you’re stressed –
repeat
H.A.L.T. Hungry, Angry, Lonely, Tired.
How thought processes influence how we understand and interact with
the world. Behavior viewed as product of various internal sentences or
thoughts
Using our internal self discussions to turn around negative behavior or
fears can find solutions to heal ourselves through practice.
Summary
Example:
How would each approach look at
Alcoholism?
Why do Alcoholics drink?
Neurobiological
Behavior viewed in terms Is alcoholism a disease?
of biological responses
Is it genetic? How does
long-term use affect the
brain?
Behaviorism
Behavior viewed as a
product of learned
responses
Is alcoholism learned?
Can behavior
modification help? Can
new habits replace it?
Psychoanalysis
Behavior viewed as a
reflection of unconscious
aggressive and sexual
impulses
Is drinking an indication
of unconscious conflict?
Does it release
inhibitions, allowing
repressed desires to
surface?
Humanism
Behavior viewed as Do you drink
a reflection of
because you don’t
internal growth
have sense worth?
Does it provide
false self esteem?
Cognitive
Behavior viewed as
product of various
internal sentences
or thoughts
Sociocultural
Behavior viewed as Does alcoholism
influenced by social differ among
groups of cultures
cultures? Does
society place
pressure?
What thoughts lead
to drinking? Can we
change patterns by
analyzing thoughts?
Are you ready for your first patient?
Please help John!
John has come to your group for
help. You have to come up with
possible causes for his behavior
from each category of Psychology
you have learned about.
John is 40 years old and still lives with his
mother. He has never been married but
has a good job as an engineer. His life
seems to be going well, until one day a
month ago when his boss yelled at him for
not doing something right.
During the last month, John has been
worried and depressed because he is
starting to forget things. He told his
mother – who then told Ethel the
neighbor, and now everybody in the
neighborhood knows. Some things John
has done over the last month are:
-Forgot to turn in some plans for work when
they were due
-Forgot his mother’s birthday for the first time
and hurt her feelings
-Met a woman he really liked the day after he
got yelled at by his boss, then set up a date and
then forgot he was going to be out of town that
day, so had to cancel the date.
You can make up any
back story for John
Try to look at his
problems from each
perspective for a CAUSE
and also for a
SOLUTION.
• John is 40 years old and still lives with his mother.
He has never been married but has a good job as
an engineer. His life seems to be going well, until
one day a month ago when his boss yelled at him
for not doing something right.
• During the last month, John has been worried and
depressed because he is starting to forget things.
He told his mother – who then told Ethel the
neighbor, and now everybody in the
neighborhood knows. Some things John has done
over the last month are:
• -Forgot to turn in some plans for work when they
were due
• -Forgot his mother’s birthday for the first time
and hurt her feelings
• -Met a woman he really liked the day after he
got yelled at by his boss, then set up a date and
then forgot he was going to be out of town that
day, so had to cancel the date.
Wrap Up
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What is Neurobiological Perspective?
What is Cognitive Method?
What is Behaviorism?
What is Psychoanalytic Theory?
What is Humanism?
What is Eclecticism?