Transcript Science Jeopardy - Miami University

Chapter 5 Jeopardy
Visual
Perception
Motor
Development
Infant
Learning
Infant
Cognition
Chapter 5
Hodgepodge
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
Final Jeopardy
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©Norman Herr, 2003
Visual Perception
100
• ANSWER: The percentage of the mature
cerebral cortex involved in visual processing
• QUESTION: What is 40% to 50%?
Answer
Question
Visual Perception
200
• ANSWER: Because young infants have
poor this, they detect a pattern only when
it is composed of highly contrasting
elements.
• QUESTION: What is “contrast
sensitivity?”
Answer
Question
Visual Perception
300
• ANSWER: When another person approaches
or moves away from us, or slowly turns in a
circle, our retinal image of the person changes
in size and shape, but we do not have the
impression that the person gets larger or
smaller or changes shape.
• QUESTION: What is “perceptual constancy?”
Answer
Question
Visual Perception
400
• ANSWER: The perception of separate
objects in a visual array.
• QUESTION: What is “object
segregation?”
Answer
Question
Visual Perception
500
• ANSWER: The number of months it
takes an American infant to learn that
pictures are to look at and talk about, but
not pick up or eat.
• QUESTION: What is 19 months?
Answer
Question
Motor Development
100
• ANSWER: These behaviors are innate,
fixed patterns of action that occur in
response to particular stimulation.
• QUESTION: What are “reflexes?”
Answer
Question
Motor Development
200
• ANSWER: At around 8 months of age,
infants become capable for the first time
in their lives of moving around in the
environment on their own.
• QUESTION: What is “self-locomotion?”
Answer
Question
Motor Development
300
• ANSWER: Is a term used to describe the
use of another person’s emotional
reaction to interpret an ambiguous
situation.
• QUESTION: What is “social
referencing?”
Answer
Question
Motor Development
400
• ANSWER: In this kind of error, very
young children try to do something with
a miniature replica object that is far too
small for the action to be at all possible.
• QUESTION: What is a “scale error?”
Answer
Question
Motor Development
500
• ANSWER: In the late 1990s, pediatricians
noticed a surprising increase in the number of
inquiries made about infants who either began
crawling late or never crawled at all. Many
babies had simply gone from sitting to walking.
• QUESTION: What happened when parents
began to put their babies to sleep on their backs
to reduce the risk of SIDS?
Answer
Question
Infant Learning
100
• ANSWER: A decrease in response to
repeated stimulation.
• QUESTION: What is “habituation?”
Answer
Question
Infant Learning
200
• ANSWER: A key process in perceptual
learning, it is the ability to extract from
the constantly changing stimulation in
the environment those elements that are
invariant and remain stable.
• QUESTION: What is “differentiation?”
Answer
Question
Infant Learning
300
• ANSWER: The objects surrounding a
baby offer a variety of ______. Some can
be picked up, but others are too heavy.
Some make noise, while others can be
enjoyably cuddled.
• QUESTION: What are “affordances?”
Answer
Question
Infant Learning
400
• ANSWER: In classical conditioning, the
originally reflexive response that comes
to be elicited by the conditioned stimulus.
• QUESTION: What is the “conditioned
response” (CR)?
Answer
Question
Infant Learning
500
• ANSWER: Parents, who are often
amused or sometimes embarrassed by
their toddler’s reproduction of their own
behavior, are well aware of this
phenomenon.
• QUESTION: What is “observational
learning?”
Answer
Question
Infant Cognition
100
• ANSWER: A procedure used to study
infant cognition in which infants are
shown an event that should evoke
surprise or interest if it violates
something the infant knows or assumes to
be true.
• QUESTION: What is “violation-ofexpectancy?”
Answer
Question
Infant Cognition
200
• ANSWER: Infants may attribute this and
goals to inanimate entities as long as the
entities “behave” like humans.
• QUESTION: What is “intentionality?”
Answer
Question
Infant Cognition
300
• ANSWER: Even in their first year of life,
infants seem to appreciate this physical
law, often testing and retesting it while
seated in their highchairs.
• QUESTION: What is “gravity?”
Answer
Question
Infant Cognition
400
• ANSWER: Piaget observed that infants
younger than 8 months of age do not
search for objects they cannot see,
leading him to formulate this concept.
• QUESTION: What is “object
permanence?”
Answer
Question
Infant Cognition
500
• ANSWER: Is the error phenomenon that
has forced developmental psychologists to
think critically about how babies think.
• QUESTION: What is the “A-Not-B
error”?
Answer
Question
Hodgepodge
100
• ANSWER: A type of learning that
involves picking up information from the
environment and forming associations
among stimuli that occur in a statistically
predictable pattern.
• QUESTION: What is “statistical
learning?”
Answer
Question
Hodgepodge
200
• ANSWER: Another name for operant
conditioning, it is learning about the
consequences of one’s own behavior.
• QUESTION: What is “instrumental
conditioning?”
Answer
Question
Hodgepodge
300
• ANSWER: Belly crawling or other
idiosyncratic patterns of self-propulsion
sometimes known as the “inchworm
belly-flop” style of getting around.
• QUESTION: What is “self-locomotion?”
Answer
Question
Hodgepodge
400
• ANSWER: Is a “disappearing reflex”
that can be elicited by holding a newborn
under the arms so that his or her feet
touch the surface.
• QUESTION: What is the “stepping
reflex?”
Answer
Question
Hodgepodge
500
• ANSWER: A clumsy swiping toward the
general vicinity of objects a young infant
sees.
• QUESTION: What are “prereaching
movements?”
Answer
Question
FINAL JEOPARDY
• ANSWER: Is the combining of
information from two or more sensory
systems so that they are received as a
unitary, coherent event.
• QUESTION: What is intermodal
perception?
Answer
Question