Transcript Student Notes

World Religions
Introduction
All world religions do the
following:
Set down basic
______________ principals
Use _______________writings
Offer a message that appeals to
__________groups of people
Introduction
Location:
J_________, C______________,
and I_____________ arose in the
___________________
H_______________and
B____________arose in I______.
C________________developed
in C____________
Introduction
Belief in God(s)
M______________– The belief in
one god. - Judaism was the first
religion to use the concept of
monotheism
P___________________– The
worship of multiple gods
Monotheism
Judaism, Islam, Christianity
 Belief in one all-powerful god
 Belief in P________________–
people who reveal the word of god
A_____________________is an
important prophet to all three of
these religions – Father of Judaism
Judaism
Decedents of Abraham were
known as I______________(also
known as H________________).
The first 5 books of the Hebrew
Bible is known as the T________.
Judaism's most sacred text.
Judaism
 According to scripture (ATS) – God
revealed his laws to
M______________written on stone
tablets.
 Link
 Israelites settled in C____________–
their “Promise land” on the east edge
of the Mediterranean Sea
Judaism
 David made
J_________________the capital of
the Jewish Kingdom.
 His son S_________________built
the Temple in Jerusalem. This is the
most holy place in Judaism
When Solomon died, Israel separated
into two kingdoms (I___________ and
J_____________)
Judaism
 Israel was conquered by the
Assyrians in 722 BCE
 Judah (and the capital city of
Jerusalem) fell to the
B____________________ 586 B.C.E.
 This began the Jewish
D_______________
 Diaspora – Removal or fleeing of one group
of people (Jews)
Jewish Teachings
 10 Commandments
 1st Commandment – Reminds Jews to
worship only one God - Monotheism
 Set aside a holy day – Sabbath
 Honor your Father and Mother
 Other commandments forbid lying, stealing
and murdering
 Consider the kind of person you become if you
abide by these
 Judaism also stresses equality and social
justice
Jewish Teachings
 With no homeland following the
Diaspora, Jews had to find ways to
maintain their religion
 P_____________________together in
synagogues
 Observing the S________________
 Studying the T_________________
 Judaism has spread around the world.
Christianity
 Christianity developed in what the
Romans called J_____________.
(formerly part of the ancient kingdom of Israel)
 First Christians were Jews who
maintained many Jewish beliefs
 Christianity soon developed its own
D_________________ and a much
larger following.
Christianity
 Origin
 Lies in the life of J_________–
Considered by Christians to be the
____________________
The story of Jesus is contained in the
N_________________________
Jesus was born in 6 B.C.E. in Judea
and was a Jewish teacher.
Christianity
 Jesus
 At age 30 he began teaching the
word of God.
God is merciful and loving
Love your N___________________
People can be forgiven of their sins
Christianity
 Jesus
 The Christian Bible says that Jesus
healed the sick and performed
M_________________
 He gained many followers
12 special followers are known as the
A_____________________.
 They were given the task of spreading
Jesus’ message
Christianity
 People started calling Jesus the
M_____________________.
 The Romans thought that Jesus might
raise a rebellion so they charged him
and C_____________________ him
 Christians believe that Jesus was raised
from the dead three days later… this is
known as the
R_________________________.
Christianity
 Beliefs –
 Christians believe that Jesus was the holy
savior
 If people believe in him, they will go to
H__________________
 Eventually Christianity became the official
religion of the R_____________
E_________________
 This allowed the Roman Catholic Church to
gain power.
Christianity
Sacred Text
 The ____________is the Christian
holy book
2 parts – _________________ and
_______________________
 The 4 G_______________contain the
telling of Jesus’ life
Christianity
 The T_____________– God, Jesus,
and Holy Spirit
 God – Father and creator of the
universe
 Jesus – Son of God
 H_______________– God’s
presence and power on Earth
Christianity
Salvation –
 People who believe in Jesus can be
granted eternal life in heaven – Called
S________________________________
 Salvation is granted through God’s grace.
Christianity
Practice
 Going to C_______________ on
Sunday
 Follow the
M_______________teachings of the
church
 Observing customs and rituals
S_________________ such as
Christianity
Spread/Diffusion
 Christianity is the __________________
practiced religion in the world
 ___ Billion followers (of 7.2 billion people)
 Most people converted by choice
 Some were forced to convert
 C________________– Christian v.
Muslim fight for control of Jerusalem
Christianity
Impact
 Christian ethics have influenced _____
in many countries
 Christian C____________has helped
poor and suffering people across the
globe.
 Influences G__________________and
politics
Islam
Origins
 Middle East around _____ C.E. (After Judaism
and Christianity)
 Taught by M_______________ who was
born in M________________
 There is a shrine in the heart of Mecca
called the K___________ Link
 According to Islamic teaching, in 610
C.E. The word of God was revealed to
Muhammad by an A___________.
Islam
Origins
 The Angel told him that he had been
chosen as a messenger for A________.
 He began to tell Arabs to worship the one
true God, Allah.
 The word Islam means “S___________”
 Followers of Islam are called Muslims
“Those who submit to God”
Islam
Origins
 Early Muslims were persecuted.
 In 622 C.E. Muhammad and his
followers left Mecca for M____________
 In 630 C.E. Muhammad and his
followers took Mecca back
 In _____ C.E. Muhammad died.
 By 750 C.E. Islam had become a major
religion.
Islam
Beliefs
 Recognize Jewish and Christian
prophets such as M__________,
A__________, and J________ (Jesus is not
the son of God)
 Regard Muhammad as the last great
prophet.
 The Q___________ is the word of God
revealed to Muhammad
Islam
Beliefs
Revere the S_________(The
example Muhammad set how
Muslims should live)
These examples are recorded in
the H___________
Beliefs
Islam
 ______________________________
 ________________________________ –
There is no God but God and Muhammad is
his prophet”
 _______________________– 5 times a day
 __________________ – Sharing of riches with
poor
 ____________________– Encourage self
control
 _____________________ to Mecca
Islam
Spread of Islam
 Spread throughout Asia and Africa
 Tried to convert people, especially in areas
that subscribed to P_____________
 Have waged war to convert Christians and
Jews
 With over _________________ followers,
Islam is the world’s ________ largest
religion.
Islam
Way of life
 Islam is more than a religion.
 It is a way of life.
 Affects culture, society, and politics in Muslim
lands.
 Shari’ah law based on the Quran guides all
aspects of life
 ______________________
 ______________________
 ______________________
 ______________________
 ______________________
Hinduism & Buddhism
Origins
Both founded in __________
Common roots in the _________ (a
collection of hymns, poems, and
prayers written in ________________)
Hinduism
Origins
 Based on the Vedas
 Known as a ___________ religion
 Vedic teaching incorporates 4 main social
_______________
 __________________ – The top class made
up of priests
 _______________ – Rulers and warriors
 _______________ – Herders and merchants
 _______________ – servants, and laborers
Hinduism
_____________system
 The division of people into social
classes
Today there are thousands of groups
within the main 4 groups.
Hinduism
Practice
 _________________ is important
 Used to gain a _____________ religious
experience
 Brought a new set of texts known as the
_____________ (very important today)
 One of the main texts of the Hindus
Hinduism
Beliefs
 Has a set of basic elements but not a
strict set of practices
 ______________ – Belief multiple gods
 Each god controls a different aspect of the
_________________
 People may devote themselves to one of
these gods.
Hinduism
Beliefs
 Hindus may believe that all of these
gods are a part of one great force called
_____________________.
 The __________ of __________ is to
____________ their soul with Brahman.
Hinduism
Beliefs
Hindus believe that time moves
in a ______________ .
This leads to
__________________
 When you die, your soul is
______________ into a different
body.
Hinduism
Beliefs
_______________ – Stands for
law, duty, and obligation.
 A person’s Dharma reflects their
________ in Indian society
 People live honorable by observing social
values like _________________ and
_______________
Hinduism
Beliefs
____________– refers to a
persons actions and the
consequences of their actions
 If you live properly you will have good Karma
and be reborn into a _____________ caste.
 If you fail to live a proper life you will have bad
Karma and be reborn into a _________ caste
Buddhism
Origins
 Arose from the teachings of
____________________ 563-483
B.C.E.
 He became the ___________ or “_____________
______________”
 He lived a privileged life in the ruling family. At
age 29 he went outside the palace and saw
suffering.
 He then left the palace and wondered across India
Buddhism
Origins
 Siddhartha Guatama
 Tried to achieve a higher consciousness through
meditation and by giving up worldly pleasures
(ascetic practice). One night he sat under a tree
and meditated. He did this for days. One night he
reached a new level of consciousness where he
saw his past lives and the effects of karma. He
shed his desires and became enlightened.
Continued next slide …
Buddhism
Origins
 Siddhartha Guatama
By morning he had reached
________________ (a state of
happiness and peace). He had
become the Buddha.
Buddhism
Beliefs
 The
__________________________ –
core of Buddhism
1. __________________ is present in all
things and nothing lasts forever.
 Death, suffering and loss are inevitable. Ignoring it
leads to more suffering.
 Offer __________________ to those who suffer
Buddhism
Beliefs
 The Four Noble Truths – core of
Buddhism
2. The cause of suffering is _____________
 Pleasure, power, and desire cause suffering
3. __________________________________
___
__________________________________
___
Buddhism
Eightfold Path
1. Right _________________________ – Deeply
understand the Four Noble Truths
2. Right ___________________ – Live a life of
selflessness, love, and nonviolence
3. Right ____________________ – Be careful and
truthful in what you say
4. Right ____________ – Do not kill, steal, or hurt
others
Buddhism
Eightfold Path
5. Right ____________________ – Earn a living
in ways that do not harm
6. Right ________________ – Promote good
actions and prevent evil actions
7. Right ______________ – Be aware of, but not
attached to your emotions, thoughts, and
feelings.
8. Right ____________________ – Focus your
mind with practice such as meditation
Buddhism
At the heart of Buddhism is that
_______________________.
 Pleasure does not last and one suffers when it is
gone.
 The Eightfold Path offers a way to end suffering and
find peace
Buddhism
Spread of Buddhism
 Became more popular with the Emperor
________________.
 Hinduism is the main religion in India.
However Buddhism spread to Southeast Asia,
Central Asia, and China.
 Today, Buddhism is the world’s _____ largest
religion.
Confucianism
Spread of Confucianism
 Confucianism is more a way of life than a
religion
 Became an official religion in ____________
Confucianism
Origins
 Based on the teachings of a man named
_____________ – his western name was
Confucius – 551-479 B.C.E.
 He became a great teacher and affected the
lives of millions of people.
 This occurred at a time of civil war
 People believed the Emperor had lost the
______________________________ (Ruling
with the support of heavenly spirits)
Confucianism
Origins
 Confucius wanted to affect the government of
China
 He had little support for his ideas during his
lifetime.
 His ideas grew after his death.
Confucianism
Beliefs
 He believed in many gods as did the Ancient
Chinese.
 This included dead _______________ looking
down from heaven
 His teachings focused on earth
 “If we are not able to understand life and to
serve humanity, how can we understand and
serve spirits”
Confucianism
Beliefs
 Believed that building a more harmonious
earth brings us closer to
_____________________
 People should live a life of ____________
(good)
 Most important virtue is _______ (Benevolence)
 Kindness
 What you do not want done to yourself, do not do to
others
Confucianism
Beliefs
 5 basic relationships
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Parents and ______________
_______________ and wife
Older sibling and younger sibling
Friend and friend
Ruler and subject
 The most important is parent and child
 ______________________ – respect shown
by children for parents
Confucianism
Beliefs
 ____________________________________
_
 Elders should set a good example
 Kind, honest, helpful, wise and faithful
 Respect _________________________
Confucianism
Spread
 After his death, his students collected his teachings
in a book called _________________
 This help spread his teaching throughout China
 Chinese rulers later adopted Confucianism as a state
__________________________
 A set of basic ideas, beliefs, and values
 Knowledge of his ideas became the basis of the civil
service exam
 School children memorized his sayings
 Some people worshipped him as a god.