Transcript (after Christianity).

Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Hinduism
 c.
Describe the major religions in SWA; include
Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
Explain the differences between an
ethnic group and a religious group.
Ethnic Group
Religious Group
A group of people who
A group of people who
share cultural ideas and share a belief system in a
beliefs that have been a
god or gods, with a
part of their community specific set of rituals and
for generations. The
literature. People from
characteristics they may
different ethnic groups
have in common could
may share the same
include language,
religion, though they may
religion, history, types of
be from very different
foods, and a set of
cultures.
beliefs, or celebrations.
Ethnic groups share –




language
physical features
customs
traditions
Religious groups share
common
belief systems
BUT
are not necessarily a single
ethnic group.
Arabs may be Muslims
or Christians.
Which concept relates to religion rather
than ethnicity?
A. Kimba is Ashanti.
B. Mustafa follows the Quran.
C. Kemal is a nomadic herder.
D. Jambo speaks Swahili.
Shara is Arab. Why can’t it be
assumed that Shara is Muslim?
A. All Arabs are not Muslim
B. All Arabs are Christian
C. Muslims are not Arab
D. Christians are not Arab
We
study different religious faiths
in order to understand other
people. Many people have strong
religious convictions, and it would
be impossible to understand them
without first understanding their
beliefs.
 People
are often mistreated for their beliefs. In the
last century as many as six million Jews were
murdered in the Holocaust. Religious conflicts
persist in Ireland, the Middle East and in many
other parts of the world. The attacks on the World
Trade Center and the Pentagon on September 11,
2001 are likely the result of religious conflicts.
 By understanding one another, we can hope to
develop tolerance and respect for all people
 These
faiths are often called western religions to
distinguish them from the eastern religions
(Hinduism, Buddhism, etc.) practiced primarily in
Asia.
Judaism
Christianity
Islam
Buddhism
Hinduism
Do you think there a relationship between
personal freedoms and religion?
The first monotheistic (one
God) religion, Judaism
traces its roots back
thousands of years.
Jews believe there is one
God who created and
rules the world. This
God is omnipotent (all
powerful), omniscient
(all knowing) and
omnipresent (in all
places at all times).
God is also just and
merciful.
 The Jewish Holy Book
is The Torah
The Torah, which means
"teaching", is God's
revealed instructions to
the Jewish People.
The Ten
Commandments are
considered the most
important
commandments of the
Torah.
13 Principles of Judaism
1. God exists.
2. God is one and unique.
3. God is incorporeal.(having no material body or form )
4. God is eternal.
5. Prayer is to be directed to God alone.
6. The words of the prophets are true.
7. Moses was the greatest prophet, and his prophecies are
true.
8. The Torah was given to Moses.
9. There will be no other Torah.
10. God knows the thoughts and deeds of men.
11. God will reward the good and punish the wicked.
12. The Messiah will come.
13. The dead will be resurrected.
Judaism is the twelfth most popular religion in the
world. It contains about 14 million adherents
(followers). The chart shows how they are
distributed throughout the world
Rank
Country
1 Israel
United States
3 France
4 Canada
5 United Kingdom
6 Russia
7 Argentina
8 Germany
9 Australia
10 Brazil
11 Ukraine
12 South Africa
13 Hungary
14 Mexico
15 Belgium
2
Jews
5,313,800
5,275,000
491,500
373,500
297,000
228,000
184,500
118,000
103,000
96,500
80,000
72,000
49,700
39,800
31,200
% of World Jewish Population
40.60%
40.30%
3.80%
2.90%
2.30%
1.70%
1.40%
0.90%
0.80%
0.70%
0.60%
0.60%
0.40%
0.30%
0.20%
The birthplace of The Bible is the
Christianity is an Holy Book of
Christians.
area now known
as the Holy Land. It is believed to be the
inspired, infallible, and
It is located in
authoritative written
Israel/Palestine in Word of God, penned
the city of
by man with the leading
of the Holy Spirit.
Jerusalem.
Christians believe that:
1. God created all that is seen and unseen
2. Jesus is the Son of God and is one with God
3. Jesus was conceived of the Holy Spirit and born
of the virgin Mary
4. Jesus suffered and was crucified
5. Jesus died and was buried
6. Jesus rose again (the Resurrection)
7. Jesus ascended into Heaven
8. Jesus will return to judge the living and the dead
9. Anyone can have salvation
10. People who repent their sins will be forgiven
Christianity has about 1.9 billion adherents (followers). It is the most
popular religion in the world. However, it is difficult to find a Christian in the
Middle East and Asia. The chart shows where most Christians live.
Rank
Nation
Number
Percent
1
USA
224,457,000
85%
2
Brazil
139,000,000
93%
3
Mexico
86,120,000
99%
4
Russia
80,000,000
60%
5
China
70,000,000
5.7%
6
Germany
67,000,000
83%
7
Philippines
63,470,000
93%
8
United
Kingdom
51,060,000
88%
9
Italy
47,690,000
90%
10
France
44,150,000
98%
11
Nigeria
38,180,000
45%
The Arabian
Peninsula is
the birthplace
of Islam The word
"Islam“ means
"Submission to Allah."
The Qur'an is the sacred
book of the Muslim
religion, believed in the
Islamic faith to be the
word of God, or Allah, as
revealed by the Angel
Gabriel to Muhammad,
the last prophet of the
Judeo-Christian God.
Islamic principles are based on the
1. Shahada
(testimony of faith)
One is required to
say "There is no god
but Allah, and
Muhammad is the
messenger of Allah."
2. Salat (prayer)
Muslims pray toward
Mecca five times
daily, at dawn, noon,
mid-afternoon,
sunset and night.
5 Pillars of Faith
3. Zakat (almsgiving)
Charitable giving is a
requirement for all
Muslims. Almsgiving is
incumbent upon the
individual Muslim except for in Saudi
Arabia, where Zakat is
strictly enforced by the
rule of Islamic law.
4. Siyam (fasting)
fasting during the
month of Ramadan.
From dawn to dusk
for the entire month
5. Hajj (pilgrimage)
To go to the holy city of
Mecca for the Hajj, or
pilgrimage. Every ablebodied Muslim is required if their finances permit - to
make the pilgrimage at
least once in their lifetime.
Islam has about 1.1 billion adherents (followers). It is the
second most popular religion in the world (after
Christianity). While Muslims can be found in nearly every
country the 10 countries with the largest Muslims
populations are shown below. The US ranks 41st with 4
million Muslims.
Rank
#1
Country
Muslim Population
Indonesia
213,469,356
#2
Pakistan
156,491,617
#3
India
138,188,726
#4
Bangladesh
127,001,272
#5
Egypt
70,530,237
#6
Turkey
68,963,953
#7
Iran
67,337,681
#8
Nigeria
64,385,994
#9
China
39,189,414
# 10
Ethiopia
34,700,310
There are two sects, Sunni and Shi'a. Islam in the
Middle East is predominantly Sunni, with the exception
of Iran.
Sunni Muslims
agree with the
position taken by
many of the
Prophet's
companions, that
the new leader
should be elected
from among those
capable of the job.
The Shia Muslims believe
that following the Prophet
Muhammad's death,
leadership should have
passed directly to his
descendents. Muslims
have not recognized the
authority of elected
Muslim leaders, choosing
instead to follow a line of
Imams which they believe
have been appointed by
the Prophet Muhammad
or God Himself.
There are two sects, Sunni and Shi'a. Islam in the
Middle East is predominantly Sunni, with the exception
of Iran.
Hinduism is the world's
oldest religious
tradition (circa 10,000
BC), with a billion
followers, making it the
world's third largest
religion. Hinduism is a
mixture of religious,
philosophical, and
cultural ideas and
practices that
originated in India.
The basic
scriptures of
Hinduism, are
called “the
Vedas and the
Upanishads”.
Basic beliefs of Hinduism
Dharma (ethics and
duties)
Samsara (rebirth)
Karma (right action)
Moksha (liberation from
the cycle of Samsara)
Hinduism believes
that there is only one
supreme Absolute
called "Brahman“
(Divine Ground of all
matter, energy, time,
space, and being ). The
most fundamental of
Hindu deities is the
Trinity of Brahma,
Vishnu and Shiva.
In addition to
many gods and
goddesses,
Hindus also
worship spirits,
trees, animals
and even
planets.
Brahma
Creator
Brahma is self-born (without mother) in the lotus flower
which grew from the navel of Vishnu at the beginning
of the universe. He is responsible for day and night.
Vishnu
Preserver
Vishnu is the preserver and protector of creation. When
evil overtakes good in the world, Vishnu will come in
human form to set things right again.
Shiva
Destroyer
Ganesha creates
the faith to remove
all obstacles. Hindu
prayers begin by
invoking his name.
He is the son of
Shiva
Shiva is responsible for change both in the form of death
and destruction and in the positive sense of the shedding
of old habits. Shiva lives on Mount Kailas in the
Himalayas.
Hindu Population in the World
World Top Ten Countries With Largest Hindu
Populations
Country
Hindu Population
India
755,135,000
Nepal
18,354,000
Bangladesh
15,995,000
Indonesia
7,259,000
Sri Lanka
2,124,000
Pakistan
1,868,000
Malaysia
1,630,000
USA
1,032,000
South Africa
959,000
Myanmar
893,000
The founder of Buddhism in this world is Buddha Shakyamuni.
He was born as a royal prince in 624 BC in a place called
Lumbini, which was originally in northern India but is now part of
Nepal. ‘Shakya’ is the name of the royal family into which he was
born, and ‘Muni’ means ‘Able One’. His parents gave him the
name Siddhartha and there were many wonderful predictions
about his future. In his early years he lived as a prince in his
royal palace but when he was 29 years old he retired to the forest
where he followed a spiritual life of meditation. After six years he
attained enlightenment under the Bodhi Tree in Bodh Gaya, India.
The Five Precepts:
These are rules to live by.
Do not kill.
Do not steal.
Do not lie.
Do not misuse sex.
Do not consume alcohol or other drugs
The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism:
Dukkha: Suffering exists: (Suffering is real and almost
universal. Suffering has many causes: loss, sickness, pain,
failure)
Samudaya: There is a cause for suffering. (It is the desire to
have and control things. It can take many forms: craving of
sensual pleasures; the desire for fame; the desire to avoid
unpleasant sensations, like fear, anger or jealousy.)
Nirodha: There is an end to suffering. (Suffering ceases with
the final liberation of Nirvana. The mind experiences
complete freedom, liberation and non-attachment. It lets go
of any desire or craving.)
Magga: In order to end suffering, you must follow the
Eightfold Path.
The Eightfold Path:
Panna: Discernment, wisdom:
1) Right Understanding of the Four Noble Truths
2) Right thinking; following the right path in life
Sila: Virtue, morality:
3) Right speech: no lying, criticism, condemning, gossip, harsh
language
4) Right conduct by following the Five Precepts
5) Right livelihood; support yourself without harming others
Samadhi: Concentration, meditation:
6) Right Effort: promote good thoughts; conquer evil thoughts
7) Right Mindfulness: Become aware of your body, mind and
feelings
8) Right Concentration: Meditate to achieve a higher state of
consciousness
After many
incarnations, if a
person releases their
attachment to desire
and the self, they can
attain Nirvana. This is
a state of liberation
and freedom from
suffering.
Hindus believe that Buddha was the 9th incarnation of
Vishnu. Buddhists don’t believe this because they
don’t believe in Gods.
Buddhist Population in the World
While estimates vary between 200-500 million
adherents, the generally agreed number of
Buddhists is estimated at around 350 million
(6% of the world's population). This makes
Buddhism the world's fourth largest (in terms of
number of adherents) religion.
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http://www.holidays.net/ramadan/pillars.htm
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http://hinduism.about.com/od/basics/p/hinduismbasics.htm
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http://www.sanatansociety.org/index.htm
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http://www.religioustolerance.org/buddhism1.htm