Transcript The Five Major Religions

Bell Ringer
Copy and Answer all 4 questions
1. What does religion mean to you?
*religion is something one believes in and follows
devotedly
*religion usually has some form of “higher power”
2. Why do you think religion causes so many conflicts and
wars in the world when it is supposed to promote peace?
3. What religion are you?
4. Why do you practice that religion?
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Essential Questions: World Religions
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What religious traditions developed in ancient civilizations?
What were essential beliefs of Judaism?
How did Judaism influence Western civilization?
What were the essential beliefs of the early Christian faith and
how did it spread?
Why was the caste system central to Indian culture?
What are characteristics of the Hindu religion?
What are the characteristics of Buddhism?
Why were Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism important in
the formation of Chinese culture?
Explain the different ways in which Confucianism and Daoism
thought the people should live their lives.
How did Islam continue the traditions of Christianity and
Judaism?
Where did the Islamic religion originate and where did it
spread?
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What are the beliefs, traditions, and customs
of Islam?
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Essential Vocabulary: World Religions
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Monotheism
Polytheism
Hebrews
Judaism
Torah
Jews
Israel
Christianity
Ten Commandments
Christians
Bible
Jesus
Paul
Byzantine Empire
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Roman Empire
Hinduism
Buddhism
Reincarnation
Caste system
Buddha
Buddhist
4 Noble Truths
Eightfold Path
Confucianism
Daoism
Harmony with nature
Islam
Muslims
5 Pillars of Islam
Mecca
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The Five Major Religions
By the Numbers: Compare and Contrast
1.9 billion people
Christianity
1.1 billion
Buddhism
325 million
Islam
Hinduism
800 million
Judaism
18 million
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Judaism
• Today there are over 18 million
followers of Judaism scattered
throughout the world.
• A large number of those people live
in the Jewish nation of Israel.
• Over six million live in the United
States.
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Judaism
• JUDAISM is a religion of just one
people: the Jews.
• JUDAISM was the first to teach
belief in only one God. Two other
important religions developed
from Judaism: Christianity and
Islam.
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Judaism
• Jews think that God will send a
Messiah (a deliverer) to unite them
and lead them in His way.
• Christians believe that Jesus was the
Messiah. The Jewish people do not
agree; they anticipate His arrival in
the future.
• Judaism teaches that death is not the
end and that there is a world to
come.
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Judaism
• The "Torah," the first five books of
the Hebrew Bible, is the most
important Jewish scripture.
• It contains the basic laws of
Judaism.
• The Jewish house of worship is
called a synagogue.
• Rabbis (spiritual leaders) conduct
services, act as interpreters
of Jewish laws, and
deliver sermons.
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Jewish Philosophy
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God is one and unique
God is the creator
God is transcendent
God is lawgiver
God is personal
We have the obligation to worship
The Torah is God's law
God is judge
The Messiah will come.
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Round the Clock
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about religions?
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Christianity
• The early Hebrews who
eventually developed
into the Jewish religion
became the foundation
of Christianity.
• Ten Commandments –
brought to earth by
Moses for the Jews
during the Exodus.
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Christian Beliefs
• Jesus, or the Messiah, was a
Jewish boy who disagreed with
some of the Jewish principles of
his day began to profess a new
way of thinking.
• This eventually led to the
beginning of the Christian
religion.
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Christian Beliefs
• Christianity started about 2000
years ago about the same time of
Jesus.
• The central point of Christian
belief is that God, the Father,
entered into human history as
the Son, Jesus of Nazereth, and
arose as the Holy Spirit.
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Christian Beliefs
• God is the Creator of the
universe. There is one God,
Who is Three PersonsHoly Trinity
Father, Son and Holy Spirit.
• Jesus is both fully man and
fully God.
• He was born of the Virgin
Mary
Crucified, resurrected from
the dead, and ascended to
the Father.
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Christian Beliefs
• Sin and Evil are realities in our
existence. Heaven and Hell.
• All believers are promised life
everlasting = Salvation
• Bible – Holy book of Christians that
contains the old and new testaments.
• The leader of Christianity was Jesus,
and the followers were his 12
disciples.
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Spread of Christianity
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Paul – follower of Christ who spread Christianity throughout the Roman
Empire and started the early church.
Map pages 38-39*
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Round the Clock
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about religions?
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Bell Ringer
• Using the map book, pages 24-25
answer the following questions
within your notes.
• 1. When and Where did Hinduism
develop?
• 2. What do Hindus believe?
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Hinduism
• HINDUISM is one of the
world's oldest religions.
• Over 2/3's of the world's
Hindus live in India; large
numbers reside in Africa
also.
• Hindus are polytheistic,
numbering into the
thousands.
• They recognize one supreme
spirit called Brahman ("the
Absolute.")
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Hinduism
• Hinduism has
many sacred
books, the oldest
being a series
called the "Vedas.“
• Traditional Hindu
society was
divided into
groups
• This was known as
the "caste system."
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Hindu
• The goal of Hindus
is to someday join
with Brahman.
• Until that union
takes place,
believers are in a
continuous
process of rebirth
called
"reincarnation."
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Hindu
• At death, the Hindu's
deeds (karma)
determine what the next
life will be.
• Followers work to break this
cycle--birth, death, re-birth-(referred to by writers as the
"Wheel of Life") and gain
release.
• The Hindu's soul then merges
with Brahman in a condition of
spiritual perfection (moksha).
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Hinduism
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Buddhism
• Buddhism is the world's oldest
universal religion and it is the
second fastest growing
religion.
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Buddhism
• Founding person of Buddhism is
Siddhartha Guatama, the Buddha
• The Dalai Lama is a Buddhist monk
who remains the leader of the
Tibetans.
• Buddhism is a major religion in
China, Japan, India, and Tibet.
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The Major Philosophy of Buddhism
• Love: without conditions
• Compassion: or feeling at one with
the person who is suffering
• Sympathetic Joy:Celebrate the
happiness of others, and do not
resent their good fortune.
• Impartiality: Treat everyone equally,
and do not use others for personal
gain or to win approval.
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The Major Philosophy of Buddhism
• Buddhism states that existence
is a continuing cycle of death
and rebirth called reincarnation.
• Each person's position in life is
determined by his or her
behavior in the previous life.
This is known as their "karma"
(also a Hindu belief).
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Islam
• ISLAM is the name given to the
religion preached by the prophet
Muhammad in the 600s A. D.
• The Islamic religion started in the
area known as Palestine in the year
600A.D.
• It has about 1.1 billion followers,
most of them in the region called the
Middle East.
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Islam
• The holy book of Islam is
the "Koran." Muslims
believe its words to be
those of Allah himself,
spoken to Muhammad by an
angel.
• Allah, is the Islamic God.
• People who believe these
ideas are called Muslims.
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Islamic Philosophy
• Muslims learn that life on earth is a
period of testing and preparation for
the life to come.
• Angels record good and bad deeds.
• People should behave themselves and
help others, trusting in Allah's justice
and mercy for their reward.
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Islam
• Muslims pray five times daily in their
mosques (churches).
• While praying, they face the holy city
of Mecca (in Saudi-Arabia) and
sometimes kneel with faces to the
ground.
• All Muslims are required to make a
pilgrimage (trip to a sacred place) to
Mecca at least once in their lifetime.
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