Transcript Celebrations

The eating habits of the
principal religions
The word Catholicism usually refers to the doctrine or faith
of the Catholic Church. It includes all the Christian
Churches that are in communion with the Pope, and
accept his authority in matters of faith and morality.
Nowadays, it divides into:
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Roman
Catholic Church
follows
its Latin rite.
Orient Catholic
Church, or
Uniata Church,
which follows the
Oriental rite.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Festivals and
celebrations
Catholic zone
Food
Only a part of this zone is Catholic
Celebrations
Festival
Date
What we celebrate
How we celebrate
Sunday
Every week
Lord’s Day, Jesus’
resurrection.
Meeting in the Church to
pray together, giving
thanks and asking for
help for people who need
it.
Christmas
25th December
Jesus’ birth.
On Christmas night we
celebrate the midnight
Mass, and families meet
together.
Epiphany
6th January.
Worship to the
three Wise Men of
the East
We give presents to kids
the same as the three
Wise Men of the East did.
Lent
Forty days before
Easter Week
---------------------------
We try to correct people’s
lifestyle.
Palm Sunday
---------------------------
The entrance of
Jesus to
Jerusalem
We have to take a branch
of a palm tree or olive
tree to be blessed.
Festival
Date
What we celebrate
How we celebrate
Easter week (Holy
Thursday and
Friday)
---------------------------------
We remember
Jesus’ last supper
with His disciples
(Thursday) and His
passion and death
(Friday)
We do different
acts in a church to
remember Jesus’
last hours alive
Easter
The Sunday after
Holy Thursday and
Friday
Jesus’ resurrection We hold a
celebration in a
church.
Pentecost
Fifty days after
Easter
We celebrate the
return of Jesus’
spirit in all his
disciples
---------------------------------
FOOD
Christianity uses food from the land.
The food they used was based on corn, flour and salt to make
bread.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Meat was classified in two types: pure and impure meat. Impure
meat was the one that belonged to animals with no hoof.
Impure fish were the ones with no fins or scales.
They had different types of soup and lot of goat and sheep milk.
The most typical drink was wine.
The Sacred host is a piece of unleaven bread, made of wheat
flour in a round shape that we offer on Eucharist or Christian and
Catholic Mass as an offering or sacrifice.
· ADVENT, lithurgical time (The four weeks before
Christmas): it’s time to prepare Christmas.
Traditionally kids buy an Advent calendar, where we can
find 24 little boxes for the 24 days of December. There is
chocolate inside these little boxes, and it’s related with
advent and food.
Religion
Geographical
Situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
· Immaculate Concepcion of God’s Mother
(8 de December): We celebrate that God pardoned
Maria’s original sin.
· CHRISTMAS (from December the 25th): we
commemorate Jesus’ birth in Jerusalem.
It’s one of the most important festivals in Christianity, which
we celebrate Jesus Christ’s birth.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
There’s no food related with festivals. There are some
traditions from a long time ago, but they aren’t obligatory.
In Catalonia it is traditional for all the family to eat together.
Typical foods are soup, CARN D’OLLA, chicken.
· God’s Epiphany
The Epiphany is a manifestation or presentation in public.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
This festival is so called because it remembers how Jesus
manifested in front of “Three Kings” for being adored.
This festival is celebrated on 6th January in Catholic
Church since the year 400.
There is no typical food but normally families have lunch
together. The typical dessert is called “Tortell de Reis”.
· Lent time
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Lent is a period or forty days before Easter. In the
liturgical Christian calendar it s noted that we have to
prepare Easter week. It starts on Ash Wednesday and
finishes on Palm Sunday.
The objective of Lent is to be a period for reflection and
penance. Christians have to prepare Lent celebration.
Formerly we practiced fasting and abstinence, and
nowadays it’s a tradition to eat ‘Bunyols’ on Friday.
· Easter week
In the Christian calendar, Easter week is the most
important festival. It commemorates the entrance of
Jesus Christ in Jerusalem, and his death on the cross
and his resurrection.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
In Catalonia there are two popular traditions related
with food: the ‘Tortell’ on Palm Sunday and ‘la Mona
de Pasqua’, a chocolate or sponge cake we eat on
Easter Sunday or Monday: Diumenge de Pasqua o el
Dilluns de Pasqua.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Judaism is the religious culture of Judah’s people.
It is the oldest of the three monotheistic religions
and one of the oldest traditional religions that is
still practiced. The dogmas and the history of
Judaism are the basis of Christianity, and the
origin of Islam is theologically related with
Judaism through the character of Abraham.
Celebrations
Celebration
Date
What they
celebrate
How they celebrate
Xabat (Saturday) Every week
Meeting with
God
It is dedicated to the. They don’t
work and all of them meet in
synagogue for praying.
Roix Ha-Xanà
(End of the year)
End of the
year
(September
/October)
The day of the
world’s birth
and Human
birth.
Cards are sent to relatives and
friends. They eat apples with
honey (because then the year is
sweet). They also eat
pomegranates (because then the
year is full of nice things). They go
to the synagogue and sing songs.
Iom Kipur
Ten days after
the ending of
the year.
Ten days
after the
ending of
the year.
Apologizing
celebration
It is a fast day when they reflect on
everything they have done the year
before to see who they have to
apologize to and what they have to
change.
Sukkot
September/
October, for
eight days.
Tent celebration.
They remember
how the Jews`
ancestors lived.
A tent is constructed outdoors and
they have a meal there once a day.
Simhat Torà
The Last day of
the Sukkot
The end of the
Torah reading.
They finish reading the Torah.
Then start reading it again to
show that the history of the
Jewish people is never
forgotten.
Hanukà
(Dedication)
Celebration
which takes
eight days.
Success of the
Jewish rebellion
against the
Greeks and the
recovery of the
Jerusalem
temple.
Every day they light the eight
arms of the candle (hanikuyà).
Then it is put in the window to
share the light with
everybody. They play games
with the light and they eat
sweets and special fried
potatoes with oil.
Tu bi-Xevat
15 of xevat (the
end of January)
Trees and plants
celebration.
Purim
---------------------------------
To celebrate that
God saved Jews
from the
extermination
directed by
Amman.
They eat special triangular
cookies and they send some
to relatives and friends. They
also dress up.
Pèsah
(Easter)
------------------------
Freedom
celebration (The
liberation from
Egypt)
Family supper.
Xavuot
-------------------------
Present of the
tablets of the Law
(The 10
Commandments
God gave to
Moses)
They read out the story and
eat elaborate dishes.
The Jewish celebrations are the days that
the Jews think are sacred. The type of
celebration, can be called yom tov (good
morning), chag (party) or ta'anit (fast).
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Abbash:
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
They are days of absolute resting, so the food must
be prepared the day before. During this day they eat
Challach : a kind of bread which symbolizes the
double food the Jews received on Fridays and they
had to keep until Saturday during the 40 years they
were in the desert.
Ten Saint days:
Rosh Hashanah: is the first day. People eat Challah,
decorated with stairs and birds shapes, it represents
the family orations to go to heaven. They eat bread
with apple covered with honey like a sweet for new
year. They have lunch.
Yom Kippur: is the last day. The fast starts when the
sun sets. And this happens 10th of tixrí.
Jewish Easter:
Easter (jewish) or Pésakh commemorates the freedom of
Israel from Egyptian slavery. In this festival it is prohibited
to eat fermented foods.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Jewish Pentecost:
The Jewish Pentecost or Xavuot, the festival of the
weeks, is one of the three festivals of pilgrimage
prescribed in the Torà. Traditionally, they eat milk
products.
The three weeks and nine days:
Three weeks and nine days are sad days of reflection.
They prepare Tixa Beav, in memory of the Roman
destruction of Jerusalem. In this period, and specially
during the nine days, they don’t eat meat or drink wine.
Kosher, is used specially to define permitted food, and
prohibited food is called taref.
Kosher Animals
- Land animals : Cows, Sheep, Lambs, Goats.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Birds: Chickens, geese, doves, hens.
Aquatic animals: Tuna, salmon, grouper, sardine,
anchovy, trout
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Fruits and vegetables: These are Kosher, but
they must be cleaned to make sure that there
aren’t any insects which aren’t allowed.
Taref animals:
Examples: Pigs, horses, dogs and cats.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Shellfish are taref and are prohibited. Examples: shrimps,
prawns,
octopus, squid.
Carnivorous or scavenger birds. Examples: Raven, eagle,
Falcon.
Celebrations
Animal milk is prohibited.
Festivals and food
Religion
ISLAM
It is the youngest of the five religions.
It is the principal religion in the Arab world.
It has spread in the African continent, Asiatic and in
some European countries.
Mahoma is the founder.
The five pillars of Islam are: faith, prayer,
pilgrimage,charity and fasting.
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
FASTING:
fasting
–
–
–
–
–
It takes place in the Ramada’s month.
This is the month of the ninth moon.
They can’t eat food from sunrise to sunset.
They can’t drink water.
Only children and old people can eat and
drink.
Religion
Geographical
situations
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Total population: 1375 millions
Celebrations
Festival
Date
Friday (Al-Juma)
Every week
Aïd al Adha
(sacrifice day)
At the end of the
pilgrimage to
Meca.
What they
celebrate
---------------------------
They remember
when God
requested
Abraham to
sacrifice his son;
later he told him he
didn’t have to do it
and rewarded his
obedience.
How they celebrate
At noon they
celebrate a special
prayer directed by
the Imam who
makes a sermon
on a topical
subject.
They kill a lamb
and family, friends,
and some people
in need eat it
together.
Celebrations
Festival
Ramada
Date
Ninth month of the
Muslim calendar.
What they
celebrate
Period of time to
reflect as an
exercise to learn
how to control the
natural impulses.
AÏd al Fitr
At the end of
Ramada
---------------------------
Aïd al-Mawlid
---------------------------
Mahoma’s birth
How they celebrate
During the day
they can’t drink
and eat anything,
they can only drink
in the evening.
During the day
they are in the
mosques. For
dinner, families
meet to eat the
“harira”.
Return to the
habitual customs.
They have a meal
together.
---------------------------
Aliments Purs
(Halal):
Be, camell,
cabra i bou
Aus
Peix
Religion
Food
Impure food (Haram):
Pork
Carnivorous animals
Geographical
situation
Land animals without ears
(frogs, snakes..)
Every animal that hasn’t been
sacrificed by the ritual:
Animals that have been beaten
Celebrations
Animals who die because of a high
fall.
Animals killed by other fierce
animals.
Festivals and
food.
Traditional Food:
 Sweet food.
 Refreshing drinks (sorbets, syrup, etc)
 Fruits
Religion
 Hard condiments (garlic, onion, etc)
 Butter for cooking
Geographical
Situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
 Yogurt (drink of sheep’s milk or buffalo milk)
 Infusions ( tea, coffee, etc)
THE RAMADAN
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
The Ramadan is a fast which consists of not eating or
drinking from sun rise to sunset. People who have to do the
Ramadan are Muslim men and women from 12 years old.
Men and boys go to the mosque in the morning wearing new
clothes and there they pray. Parents, uncles, grandparents
and other relatives give money to the boys (not to the girls
because the latter don’t go out, they stay at home).
SACRIFICE FESTIVAL
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Known as the Muslim Easter, it lasts several days
and the principal ritual is the sheep sacrifice.
“Al Adha” celebration or sacrifice is one of the most
important Islamic celebrations and is held on the
last day of the Islamic calendar. Following the
“suna” teachings or prophet Mahoma customs,
during “Al Adha”, all families with economic
resources have to sacrifice an animal, specially a
sheep, a third of that is eaten by the family and the
other two thirds is given to the poor and the
relatives.
MAWLID UN-NABI
Mawlid un-Nabi is a special holiday for a lot of Muslim
people. It’s celebrated to commemorate the birthday of
prophet Muhammad.
Religion
Geographical
situation
ISRA MER’AJ
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Isra Mer'aj is a very special night for the Muslim faith. The
official holiday’s name is Laylat- Al-lsra wa Al-Miraj, that
means “the night, the trip and the elevation". It’s celebrated
the 27th day of the Rajab day, the seventh month of the
Islamic calendar.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
FESTIVALS
Eid al-Fitr: It means Ramada’s end. The night before
the first day of the celebration is considered
particularly important. In the morning, the
community prays together and has a breakfast that
signifies the end of the fasting.
Eid al Adha: Is represented for Muslims around the
world by the sacrifice of an animal (normally a cow
or a sheep) in thnksgiving to God for saving the life
of the prophet Abraham´s son. With this festival,
Muslims remember that Islam means submission,
because nobody showed better submission to God
than Abraham (In Arabian: ‫ إبراهيم‬Ibrahim), who was
ready to sacrifice his own son as evidence of his
loyalty to God.
Food Customs
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
At mealtimes, people eat
from a round plate and they
use their right hand. If they
are invited in a house, they
should take off their shoes.
Before eating they must put
all all the plates on the table
and wait.
They have to eat sit down
covered with carpets and
blankets; before eating they
must wash their hands and
sit in front of the person
who has invited them.
The original name of Hinduism is::
Religion
Sanatana: eternity
Dharma: doctrine,
honesty, duty...
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
All these expresse the eternity of the search for the interior
peace. Then we can liberate the cycle of death and attain unity
with the Absolute (Brahman)
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Celebrations
Festival
Date
What happens?
How they celebrate it?
Sankrant
(North)
Pongal
(South)
End of January
The end of the evil
month.
-------------------------------
Spring
festival
End of January, start of
February
Festival dedicate to
Sarasvati, Goddess of
knowledge, Sciences
and Letters
-------------------------------
Maha-xivaratri
Second half of
February
The big night of Xiva
-------------------------------
Festival of
Holi
The last four days of
february-march moon
Festival dedicated to
Krishna. There are
games, songs and
dances in honour of
Krishna.
Coloured water is splashed
Ramanavami
March-April moon
Rama’s birth
The temples are illuminated,
at night. There are festivals
and they read the Ramayana
Krixna’s birth
All region celebrate it
in differents months
Krishna’s birth
over the people attending
Ganesa’s birthday
(God represented
with an elephant
head)
Images of the God
are made from clay or
paper and they are
thrown into the river
or the sea.
October- November
Divine Mother on
Mal’s victory
The Divine Mother is
thrown on Mal’s
image.
Divali
20 days after the last
party
------------------------------ -------------------------------
Karttikeya
The October/November
full moon.
Karttikeya’s birthday
------------------------------
Khumbha mela
Every 12 years in
Prayaga
Purification
Pilgrimage to Prayaga
to swim in the
Ganges and Yamuna
rivers.
Ganesa’s
birthday
Fourth day after the
August-September
moon.
Worship of
ancestors
Second half of AugustSeptember
Durga-puja or
Nava-ratra
They are vegetarians
People who sell, cook or serve meat are punished.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Religiously  to be vegetarians.
God has given us sufficient food we have to offer it to
him.
For Vedas, the egg is a food just like meat.
Eating beef would be a mortal sin because this animal
has been very important during the history of this
religion. The Cow is considered like a mother because it
offers us its milk like a natural mother.
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
The cow:
- The cow is milked more often than in other places, and the
clarified lard, the curds and the milk, are fundamental
elements in the diet of Hindus.
WHAT DO THEY EAT?
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
The abundant food is rice.
It is cultivated in many areas of the country
together with coffee, sugarcane, bamboo, or
opi.
Also, they eat livestock products, but a Hindu
will never eat a cow.
In India, they believe that cows are sacred
animals and so eating beef is prohibited.
RASHMI KABAB
Chicken breast with
chesee, skimmed milk,
yogurt with traditional
species.
PANNER TIKKA
Skewer of cheese
pieces (paprica)
and onion.
MURG TIKK
(Hindu barbecue)
Roast and boneless
chicken pieces with
traditional species.
ONAM:
Date: 12th September
What is it: ONAM is the State festival of Kerala. It is celebrated in honor of Mahabali, the last king of
Kerala.
Aliments:
- Kaya Varuthathu (fried banana
with coconut oil)
-Rice Puttu (crude rice with
coconut)
-Idli (different kinds of rice)
-Dry Fruit Kesari (Dried fruits cakes)
Religion
Geographical
situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
The Indians follow a vegetarian diet because of their
religious beliefs. The Indian subcontinent has a sufficient
quantity of land inhabited by a variety of people. There are
fourteen principal languages and one hundred dialects. We
can say that in the south the food is spicier. The Hindu food
is based on their exotic spices.
Buddhism is an oriental philosophic doctrine based on
Siddharta Gautama teachings (the historic Buddha).
BUDDHISM is considered a religion by some and a
philosophy by others. It extracts his bases on the spiritual
experience of the wise, the “illuminated”.
The two fundamental experiences of Buddha are:
Religion
Geographical
Situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Samsara
Karma
Buddhism is one of the most important world religions. It was
founded more than 2,500 years ago in North India. It’s based
on the non-violence principles, love, respect for all the
sensible beings, peace, tolerance, and compassion.
Religion
Geographical
Situation
Celebrations
Festivals and food
Theravada Buddhism
Festival
Theravada
buddhism
Date
What they
celebrate
How they celebrate
Birth, death and
enlightenment of
Buddha
Late May or early
June
Birth, death and
enlightenment of
Buddha
--------------------------------
Uposatha
Full moon days of
every moon
month.
Full moon
People present at the
temple offerings of
flowers, food and
drink and listen to the
sermons of the monks
Kathina
October –
November
Year’s final break
of three months
that monks do.
They venerate the
monks for the
difficulty of their life
and habits are offered
with other materials.
Asala’s full moon
Late June or early
august.
It marks the
preaching of
Buddha's first
sermon
--------------------------------
Mahayanan Buddhism (East Asia)
Festival
Mahayanan
Buddhism
Date
What they celebrate
How they celebrate
Hana
Matsuri
8th April
Buddha’s birth
---------------------------
Nehan
15th February
Buddha’s death
---------------------------
Rohatsu
8th December
Buddha’s
illumination.
---------------------------
Higan
21th March i
20th September
Ancestors memorial
ceremony.
Obon
13th July (lasts
three days)
Release of
Maudgalyayana’s
Hells
Visit the graves, reciting
Buddhist texts, offerings
of flowers, incense and
water to the tombs
Invoking the ancestors; 1.
Day invokes the ancestors,
the 2nd. Food ceremonies
and dances in his honor;
3rd. offerings to Buddha to
release the Hells.
Tibetan Buddhism
Festival
Tibetan Buddhism
Date
What they celebrate How they celebrate
“Losar” (New year
eve)
New moon day
closer to winter’s
end, in February.
(4 days)
Visit their holy
places.
They clean their
houses to
symbolize
purification.
“Gutor”
Before new year
eve.
Ask forgiveness for
any bad things they
did last year.
----------------------------
“Monlam Chenmo”
After new year eve.
Festival of prayer.
Two weeks
ceremony.
They make scenes
from Buddha’s life
with butter figures.
Budda’s birth
9th day of the forth
month of Tibetan
calendar (June)
----------------------------
----------------------------
Tibetan Buddhism
Festival
Buddhism
Date
What they celebrate How they celebrate
Buddha’s
Illumination and
death.
The 15th day of the
Tibetan calendar
(June).
----------------------------
----------------------------
Lhasa’s 1959
revolution
10th March
---------------------------
----------------------------
Dalai Lama’s
birthday.
6th July
----------------------------
---------------------------
Uposatha:
Religions
Geographical
situation
Celebration
Festivals and food
People present at the
temple offerings of
flowers, food and drink
and listen to the
sermons of the monks
Obon:
Invoking the ancestors;
1. Day invokes the
ancestors, the 2nd. Food
ceremonies and dances
in his honor; 3rd.
offerings to Buddha to
release the Hells.
Buddhists can’t hurt any living being, so they can’t kill animals.
Eating meat means accepting the sacrifice an animal and this is
against the principle of non-violence. A lot of Buddhists are
vegetarians.
They think that killing animals is the same as killing people,
because they believe we will reincarnate as animals.
Religions
Geographical
situation
Celebration
Festivals and food
They usually have one meal a day, except Tibetans. There even
monks eat meat and if it’s necessary have three meals a day.
Diet restrictions
according to religions
Food
Eggs
Christianity
Yes
Milk
Judaism
Islamism
Hinduism
Yes
Yes
Some
Curds
Curds
Curds
Buddhism
Some
Cheese
Yes
no
no
no
yes
Chicken
Some
kosher
“halal”
some
no
Lamb
Not in Llent
kosher
“halal”
some
no
Beef
Not in Lent
kosher
“halal”
no
Pork
Not in Lent
kosher
“halal”
no
Fish
Yes
Shellfish
Yes
Animal fats
no
“halal”
no
no
“halal”
some
Yes
“kosher”
“halal”
Some
no
Some
yes
no
No
No
Tee or coffee
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
no
Vegetables
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Green
vegetables
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Fruits
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Some
Yon Kippur
Ramadan
Some
Yes
Alcohol
Fasting
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