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The Age of Exploration EQ- Who were the influential explorers of exploration? Later Portuguese Exploration Portugal’s main interest was Africa and Asia, and trade rather than colonization. Led by Pedro Alvares Cabral , the Portuguese defeated a large Arab fleet to take control of the Indian Ocean. Pedro Alvares Cabral Later Portuguese Exploration They expanded trade east. Ports were set up with China and Japan. Pedro Cabral also set up colonies in Brazil in 1500. Sugarcane, tobacco, coffee, and cotton were grown there. Because of this slaves had to be brought in. Later Spanish Exploration A Conquistador means conqueror. Most conquistadors were after Gold, God and Glory. Hernando Cortes landed in Mexico in 1519. He had 600 men and 16 horses and cannons with him. “We Spaniards know a sickness of the heart that only gold can cure.” Hernando Cortez The Aztec Montezuma II, ruler of Aztecs, was convinced Cortes was a god wearing armor. Agrees to give him share of empire’s gold. Cortes was not satisfied. He had allied with local enemies of the Aztec who took him to Tenochititlan. Within 3 years, thousands of Aztec had been slaughtered and Cortes ruled. 3 reasons Spain defeats Aztecs: 1. Better weapons 2. The help of other natives. they were tired of the Aztecs, and their human sacrifices. 3. Disease Francisco Pizarro In 1537, Francisco Pizarro invaded the Inca Empire in Peru. The Spanish had 200 against 30,000. Thousands of Incans were massacred. A ransom was paid for leader, Atahualpa. The Spanish took the ransom, and killed him anyway. Building of an Empire Spain had 2 goals, wealth and Christianity. (Plantations and mines and Missionaries) In 1515, they started St. Augustine, the first colony in the New World. The Spanish enslaved the natives, and forced them to work. This system became known as the encomienda system. Thousands of Mestizos were also born. These are Spanish native mixes. Some natives were converted to Christianity. Millions would die within the first 50 years due to disease. Mayans Reforms A few priests like Bartolomew de la Casas, tried to help the natives by getting laws passed to end abuse. These laws were never enforced until 1542, when the encomienda system ended. Africans were brought over to work. Netherlands In 1602, the Dutch set up the East India Company. It was to keep good relation with the empires in Asia. By 1619, is in present day Indonesia. By 1641, they had pushed the Portuguese and the English out of Asia as serious traders. (They controlled trade.) Netherlands In 1621, an English navigator, Henry Hudson, set out to claim land for the Dutch along the North American coast of the Atlantic. He founded New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. The West India Company was set up. It was to establish colonies in the Americas. The Dutch also set up a port on the Cape of Good Hope. It provided fresh food and water for ships. Dutch profit from fur trade, but fail to attract settlers France In 1524, the French hired Giovanni da Verrazano to try to find the North West Passage through America to Asia. He had no success. Jacques Cartier In 1534, Jacques Cartier looked for the Northwest Passage. He sailed up the St. Lawrence River where he named a mountain Mount Real. (Mount Royal) This would later be Montreal. claims most of eastern Canada. Samuel de Champlain In 1608, Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec. (First French Settlement) Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet, 2 Jesuit missionaries explored the Mississippi River Valley. Robert Cavalier Later, Robert Cavalier claimed the entire inland region surrounding the Mississippi River for France. The French set up missionaries and traded (Fur) with the natives. England In 1497, John Cabot explored the coast of present day Newfoundland. Sir Francis Drake, raided Spanish ships for gold and silver. In 1600, the English East India Company was established. It set up ports in India and Southeast Asia. In 1607, Jamestown was founded. (Earliest English colony.) They also had Sugarcane plantations in Jamaica. The Pilgrims signed the Mayflower Compact and settled Plymouth in 1620. Puritans come 10 years later. A series of colonies was getting set up that would move westward and eventually collide with the French and Dutch. James Cook claimed New Zealand and Australia for England in 1770. England established Australia into a penal colony. John Cabot and Sir Francis Drake Edward B. Teach