Transcript The American Civil War 1861-1865

The American Civil War
1861-1865
SS8H6: The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction
on Georgia.
b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam,
Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of
Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign and March to the Sea, and
Andersonville.
1861-1865
2-6-12 Warm Up- Writing Prompt
• In one paragraph, explain at least 3
issues/reasons why 11 Southern states
seceded from 1860-1861.
• Use your notes and the Causes of the Civil War
PowerPoint handout to include in your
paragraph.
Causes of the Civil War (Review)
Economic Differences
North= Industrial
South= Agriculture/Farming
States’ Rights
North= Believed the federal government/Constitution are
supreme throughout the nation.
South= Believed in States’ Rights and believed that the
federal government did not have the right to tell them what
to do.
Sectionalism
North= Wanted tariffs on imported goods
South= Did not want tariffs on imported goods, due to trade
relationship with Great Britain
Slavery
North= Banned slavery
South= Relied on slavery for the production of cash crops
Election of 1860 &
Secession
North= Voted in Abraham Lincoln as the 16th U.S. President
South= 11 states seceded from the Union as a result of
Lincoln’s win
Civil War Map
Resources of the North and South
North (Union)
South
(Confederate States of America)
A. 85% of the nation’s factories and
railroad lines
B. 22+ million people
C. Union army had 16,000+ trained
soldiers
D. Produced almost all of the firearms,
cloth, iron, ships & boats, and shoes
in the USA
A. 15% of factories and railroads were
in the South
B. 9 million people + 3.5 million slaves
C. The southern states did not have an
army.
D. Produced most of food (corn, rice,
wheat, & livestock) and cotton
E. Had strong/smart military leaders,
who resigned from the U.S. Army to
lead the south.
Military Strategies
North (Union)
•Anaconda Plan: Created a
blockade of U.S. ships and
ironclads around the southern
coastline and major rivers to
prevent the southern states
from exporting cotton and
receiving supplies
•Sent troops south to fight
South
(Confederate States of
America)
•King Cotton Diplomacy: Ask
Great Britain & France to break
the Union’s blockade.
•The South thought Great
Britain & France would do it, so
they would continue buying
cotton and bring them supplies
(Weapons, etc.).
•France and Great Britain
decided not to help the
Confederate States of America.
Anaconda Plan Map
Ironclads
Ironclads patrolled rivers in the South.
Political Cartoon- What does it mean?
Name__________________
Date___________________
Period_________________
Battle
Fort Sumter p. 255
Bull Run p. 255
Antietam p. 266
Gettysburg pp.
267-268
Chickamauga p.
268
Chattanooga pp.
268-269
Atlanta Campaign
pp. 273-274
Sherman’s March
to Sea pp. 274-275
Significant Battles of the Civil War
Graphic Organizer
Generals
What Happened?
Which Side Won Battle?
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• The Confederate soldiers fired the 1st shots of
the Civil War at Fort Sumter on April 12, 1861.
North (Union)
•Major Robert Anderson lead the
Union soldiers
•President Lincoln sent these troops to
South Carolina to secure Fort Sumter
from the CSA and to deliver supplies.
•33 hours later the Union troops
surrendered…UNION defeated!
South
(Confederate States of America)
•General P.G.T. Beauregard led the Confederate
soldiers
•The CSA troops were able to stop the supplies
from reaching Fort Sumter, by firing on the
Union troops.
•CONFEDERATE victory!
Battle of Bull Run: Manassas, Virginia
• 1st major battle between the Union vs.
Confederates
North (Union)
• Union troops entered the
Confederate state of Virginia to
attack.
South (Confederates States of
America)
• Confederate Army launched a
counterattack and defeated the
Union troops.
Leaders at the Battle of Bull Run
General Irvin McDowell (Union)
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
(Confederate)
Battle of Antietam: Sharpsburg, Maryland
Union
•Major George McClellan
•Union victory
• This was the first time the
South invaded the North.
• Pres. Lincoln told McClellan
to protect Washington D.C.
• September 17, 1862-This
was the bloodiest 1-day
battle of the Civil War.
• This battle lasted 12 hours
with 23,000 soldiers either
killed, wounded, & missing.
Confederate States of America (CSA)
•Robert E. Lee
• Both armies stubbornly
held their ground that
day.
• The next day, the armies
gathered their wounded
and buried their dead.
• That night, Lee’s army
(South) withdrew to
Virginia.
• This was the first time
photographs were taken
of a battle field.
Leaders at the Battle of Antietam
General George McClellan
General Robert E. Lee
Emancipation Proclamation
• On September 22, 1862,
President Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation.
• It stated that unless the
Confederate States of
America (CSA) surrendered by
January 1, 1863, “all slaves in
states or districts in rebellion
against the USA will be
thenceforth and forever free.”
• It freed the slaves
only in states that
have seceded from
the Union.
• It did not free
slaves in border
states.
William Carney
• After the Emancipation
Proclamation blacks
began to join the Union
Army
• Initially they were only
used for manual labor
• Eventually, Blacks saw
live combat
• 54th regiment out of
Massachusetts
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Lee realized that the South was not winning war and decided to
attack the North on its own territory (Pennsylvania).
Confederacy attacked North, but Union held firm
July 3, General Pickett led 15,000 Confed. army across open fields Union mowed them down ("Pickett’s Charge")
Lee (South) was defeated and retreated to Virginia.
From July 1-3, 1863, 51,000 soldiers were either killed or injured.
Gettysburg is the largest battle in the history of the Western
hemisphere.
It was the last time the South invaded the North.
Leaders of the Battle of Gettysburg
General George Meade
General Robert E. Lee
Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia
• On September 19-20, 1863, the Confederates
were able to defeat the Union and pushed
them back into Tennessee.
Leaders
Union
Confederate States of America
(CSA)
•General William Rosecrans •General Braxton Bragg
•Confederate victory
Leaders of the
Battle of Chickamauga, Georgia
General William Rosecrans
Braxton Bragg
Battle of Chattanooga:
Chattanooga, Tennessee
• Continuation of the Battle of Chickamauga
(GA)
Union (North)
Confederates (South)
• Union troops led by
• General Braxton Bragg
Generals Grant and
chased the Union troops
Sherman
from Chickamauga and
counterattacked the
trapped them in
Confederates at Lookout
Chattanooga, TN.
Mountain in Tennessee
• Union victory
Leaders of the Battle of Chattanooga
General Ulysses S. Grant
(Union)
General Braxton Bragg (CSA)
General William T.
Sherman (Union)
Atlanta Campaign
• General William T. Sherman’s plan was to
march through Georgia, take Atlanta, and
leave a path of destruction to Savannah.
• Beginning on July 20, 1864, General Sherman
burned and tore up the city of Atlanta for
almost 40 days.
• By September 2, 1864 the Union troops had
captured and destroyed Atlanta.
Atlanta Campaign
Sherman’s March to Sea
• Field Order No. 120 was issued by Sherman
ordering Union troops to “live off the land”.
• They would gather food from fields and take
livestock for food.
• Also, troops were supposed to collect food,
horses, & mules.
• They were not allowed to enter homes of
civilians to steal…Of course, the troops did not
follow that rule.
Sherman’s March to Sea
• Sherman waged Total War on the South (destroy
anything useful to the enemy).
• His troops destroyed railroad tracks, crops,
burned homes and businesses.
• Sherman divided his troops into 2 groups and
they advanced towards Savannah going different
directions.
• After fighting many battles along the way,
Sherman’s troops captured Savannah on
December 21, 1864.
Sherman’s letter
to Lincoln when he
captured Savannah
At the end of his famous March to
the Sea, which was intended to destroy
the Southern spirit, Sherman sent this
telegram to Abraham Lincoln. "I beg to
present you as a Christmas gift, the City
of Savannah, with 150 heavy guns, and
plenty of ammunition, and about 25,000
bales of cotton."
Comprehension Check Questions
1. This telegram was written by
A. General William T. Sherman.
B. Abraham Lincoln.
C. Samuel Morse.
D. Alexander Graham Bell.
3. The date on the telegram is
A. November, 1864.
B. July 4, 1776.
C. December 22, 1864.
D. Christmas Day.
2. The telegram is addressed
to
A. President Lincoln.
B. the state of Mississippi.
C. Savannah.
D. William T. Sherman.
4. What is Sherman giving to
Lincoln for Christmas?
A. a Southern plantation
B. the city of Savannah
C. Lee's surrender
D. some of Sherman's neckties
• April 3, 1865 - Grant
took Richmond Va. final blow to Lee's army
• Lee surrenders on April
9, 1865 at
APPOMATTOX
COURTHOUSE
• All Confed. troops
forced to take an oath
of loyalty to U.S.
• otherwise, terms of
surrender were lenient
• Lincoln didn't want a
humiliated South and
further conflict
• issue of states' rights
now "solved"- fed. gov't
had asserted its status
After four bloody years of civil war,
the South was defeated.
Over 618,000 military deaths during Civil War.
Andersonville
• The largest military prison of the Confederate army
during the Civil War
• Located near Andersonville, Georgia
• 52,300 Union soldiers were detained there between
February 1864 and April 1865
• More than 13,200 died from disease, exposure, and
lack of medicines.
• After the war, the commander of the camp, Captain
Henry Wirz, was convicted and hanged for the
maltreatment and death of Union POWs. He was the
only Confederate official to be executed.
EFFECTS OF CIVIL WAR
• Creation of a single unified country
• Abolition of slavery
• Increased power to federal government –
decreased states rights
• U.S.A. now an industrial nation (more factories than
farms)
• A stronger sense of nationalism
• Western lands increasingly opened to settlers.
• South was economically and physically devastated.
The Reconstruction Period (rebuilding the U.S.)
began, but a deep hatred of the North remained...
Comprehension Questions and Essays
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Why did Lincoln give this speech at Gettysburg? Why has this become a famous speech? Why did his words have such an
impact on Americans past and present? Be able to analyze important passages in the three paragraphs of this short speech.
What was the capital of Georgia in Antebellum times?
Why is the election of 1860 so important? What state was Abraham Lincoln from?
What seven states seceded from the Union before Lincoln officially became president? What was the first state to leave?
What did they call their new country?
Who was Jefferson Davis and Alexander Stephens?
What was the Union plan for victory?
Why did Abraham Lincoln not permit the Southern states to peacefully leave the Union? What was his goal in the war?
What advantages and disadvantages did the two sides hold?
What economic problems faced the South once the war began?
What roles did women play during the war? Who was Clara Barton?
What was the Great locomotive chase?
What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam?
Why was Chickamauga different from other Western battles?
Why was Gettysburg such an important battle in the war?
What happened in the Election of 1864?
What was Andersonville famous for?
What happened in the Battle of Atlanta? What happened to the city after the war?
Why did the 54th Massachusetts become a famous regiment?
Who was William T. Sherman? What was Sherman’s March to the Sea?
What happened at Appomattox Courthouse?