Transcript Kansas/Nebraska Act and Dred Scott Decision

1. Wilmot Provisio
2. Compromise of 1850
3. Free Soil Party
4. Fugitive Slave Law
5. Kansas and Nebraska Act
6. Bleeding Kansas
7. Stephen Douglas
8. Republican Party
9. Abraham Lincoln
10.James Buchanan
• Do questions from pgs.
• 394: 2, 3, 4 and 5
• 400: 3, 4 and 5
11.Dred Scott Decision
12.John Brown
13.Election of 1860
14.South Carolina
15.Secession
16.Confederacy
17.Jefferson Davis
18.Union
19.Jefferson Davis
20.Fort Sumter
Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860
1. New intellectual and religious movements.
2. Social reforms.
3. Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America.
4. Re-emergence of a second party system and more
political democratization.
5. Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions.
6. Increase in American nationalism.
7. Further westward expansion.
Free Soil Party
Free Soil!
Free Speech!
Free Labor!
Free Men!
 “Barnburners” – discontented northern
Democrats.
 Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig
Parties.
WHY?
 Opposition to the extension of slavery in the new
territories!
The 1848 Presidential Election Results
√
Results of the Mexican War?
1. The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+
American lives (mostly of disease).
2. New territories were brought into the Union which
forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of
national politics.
* Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX)
3. These new territories would upset the balance of power
between North and South.
4. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for
President.
5. Manifest Destiny partially realized.
Map expansion
Wilmot Provision
Prohibit slavery from any
territory captured from
Mexico in the war
Wilmot Proviso, 1846
Wilmot Proviso
•David Wilmot, an abolitionist, US
Representative from PA
•Prohibit slavery from any
territory captured from Mexico in
the war
•Passed House but defeated in
Senate in 1846
Congressman David
Wilmot
(D-PA)
Problems of Sectional
Balance in 1850
California resumes slavery question
 Southern “fire-eaters” threatening
secession if California becomes a free state.
Abolitionists and several political parties
support California as a free state.
 Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:
South wants Fugitive Slave Law enforced.
Map 8 of 45
Most intense debate in
U.S. History
•John C. Calhoun
•North should honor the Constitution
and enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
•South wanted California
•threatened to secede from U.S.
•U.S. should have two Presidents---one
from the North and one for the South
•Daniel Webster
•Henry Clay
•The Great Compromiser,
with John C. Calhoun, Daniel
Webster and Stephen Douglas,
propose this compromise.
•Secession is impractical & impossible
•How would we split the land?
•The military?
•Compromise at all cost
•Preserve the Union
Comp of 1850
•Solve the slavery issue
through Popular
Sovereignty
Stephen Douglas
•U.S. Senator from
Illinois, a Democrat
and author of
Popular
Sovereignty.
•Let the people in each
territory decide through
the process of voting
whether they want slavery
or not.
Along with Henry Clay, Daniel Webster and John
C. Calhoun they proposed the Compromise of 1850
Picture/S.Douglas
Compromise of 1850
•California enters as a free state
•Create two new territories with Popular Sovereignty
•Utah and New Mexico Territory
•End slave trade in Washington, DC.
•Enforce the Fugitive Slave Law
Map Comp of 1850
Popular Sovereignty
Allow the people in a
territory to vote on
whether they want
slavery to exist or not
in their state.
ABOLITIONISTS
RESPOND
Denounced by
Abolitionists
Harriet Beecher
Stowe’s, Uncle Tom’s
Cabin is published
Abolitionists refuse
to enforce the law
Underground
Railroad becomes
more active
Fugitive Slave Law
RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS
“An immoral law makes it a man’s duty to
break it, at every hazard. For virtue is the
very self of every man. It is therefore a
principle of law that an immoral contract is
void, and that an immoral statute is void.
The Fugitive Slave Law is a statute which
enacts the crime of kidnapping, a crime on
one footing with arson and murder. A man’s
right to liberty is as inalienable as his right to
life……” Ralph Waldo Emerson
Fugitive Slave Law
RESPONSE BY ABOLITIONISTS
“3 millions of the American people are crushed
under the American Union! The government gives
them no protection– the government is their enemy,
the government keeps them in chains! The Union
which grinds them to the dust rests upon us, and
with them we will struggle to overthrow it! The
Constitution which subjects them to hopeless
bondage is one that we cannot swear to support.
Our motto is, ‘No Union with Slaveholders’….We
separate from them, to clear our skirts of innocent
blood….and to hasten the downfall of slavery in
America, and throughout the world!” William
Lloyd Garrison
SOUTHERNERS
RESPOND
Southerners
threatened secession
and war
Believed it should be
enforced because the
Constitution protects
property and Federal
law is over State law.
5th Amendment
Supremacy Clause
Expansionist Young America in the 1850s
America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America….
This is called “filibustering” when private citizens carry out wars against
countries.
If won, they would become slave territories for the South.
Map 8 of 45
•Build a transcontinental
connecting California to
the East Coast either in the
South or North
•Stephen Douglas wanted
the railroad built in the
North but had to convince
the South otherwise.
•Proposed a plan to create
two new territories:
Kansas and Nebraska
•Territories were allowed
to decide the slavery
issue, Popular Sovereignty
•In return for building the
railroad in the North.
Kan. & Neb Act
Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
Kansas Nebraska Act
•Create two new territories
•Open it up to popular sovereignty
“Bleeding Kansas”
Border “Ruffians”
(pro-slavery
Missourians)
vs.
Radical Abolitionists
who want to keep
Kansas free
Map Bleeding Kan
•Kansas/Nebraska
Act led to several acts
of violence between
pro-slavery settlers
and anti-slavery
settlers.
•First violent
outbreaks between
north/south.
Led by Abolitionist
John Brown who kills
5 pro-slavery settlers.
Attacks by free-states
Attacks by pro-slavery states
•First battles of the
Civil War begin in
Kansas in 1856.
•Over 200 killed
“Bleeding Kansas”
Armed Antislavery Men
•Though no one would deny
that their cause was noble,
many of the men who flocked
to Kansas to resist the
expansion of slavery were no
less violent than their
proslavery adversaries.
•Picture taken in 1859, shows a gang of armed antislavery men who had
just broken an accomplice out of jail in neighboring St. Joseph, Missouri.
•Like proslavery "Border Ruffians," many of these men also served in
guerrilla bands during the Civil War and some went on to careers as
famous outlaws after the war was over.
“Bleeding Kansas”
Free State Battery, 1856
•The slave state of Missouri
opposed the entry of
antislavery advocates for years
and, by the 1850s, actively
tried to prevent their passage
through Missouri on the way
to Kansas.
•"Free-staters" traveled through Iowa instead, often bringing
arms with them. This small cannon, left over from the
Mexican War, helped create "Bleeding Kansas."
•Kansas territory became a battleground.
•Pro-slavery vs. antislavery supporters
•Bitterly divided the nation
•Led to the formation of the Republican Party.
•The first shots of the Civil War were in Bleeding Kansas.
Bleeding Kan
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Sen. Charles
Sumner
(R-MA)
Congr. Preston
Brooks
(D-SC)
“The Crime Against Kansas”
Congr.
Preston
Brooks
(D-SC)
Sen.
Charles
Sumner
(R-MA)
Congressman Preston Brooks beats Senator Charles Sumner
over the speech he gave about Kansas Territory being part of a
larger Slave Power Conspiracy……Outraged by the speech,
Brooks nearly clubs Sumner to death.
Free Soil Party
against the
expansion of
slavery
Northern
Democrats
opposed the
expansion of
slavery
Abraham Lincoln reenters politics and gives
over 125 speeches
against the expansion of
slavery by 1860.
BIRTH OF THE
REPUBLICAN PARTY,
1854
National Republican
which become the Whigs.
Chart/Rep. Party
Formed to stop
the expansion of
slavery and
opposition to the
Kansas Nebraska
Act
Abolitionists
Know Nothing Party
against immigration and
expansion of slavery.
•Slave from Missouri traveled with
his owner to Illinois & Minnesota
both free states.
•His master died and Scott wanted
to move back to Missouri---Missouri
still recognized him as a slave.
•He sued his master’s widow for his
freedom since he had lived in a free
state for a period of time.
•Court case went to the Supreme
Court for a decision-----National
issue
•Can a slave sue for his freedom?
•Is a slave property?
•Is slavery legal?
Picture/Dred Scott
Supreme Court’s decision:
•Slaves cannot sue the for their freedom because they are
property.
•They are not citizens and have no legal right under the
Constitution.
•Supreme Court legalized slavery by saying that
•Congress could not stop a slaveowner from moving his
slaves to a new territory
•Missouri Compromise and all other compromises were
unconstitutional
Chart/Effect of Scott
National “fallout” from the Court’s decision:
•North refused to enforce Fugitive Slave Law
•Free states pass personal liberty laws.
•Republicans claim the decision is not binding
•Southerners call on the North to accept the
decision if the South is to remain in the Union.
Chart/Effect of Scott
Chief Justice Roger B.Taney (1777
to 1864) in the case of Dred Scott
referred to the status of slaves
when the Constitution was
adopted.
“They had (slaves) for more than a century
before been regarded as beings of an inferior
order; and altogether unfit to associate with
the white race, either in social or political
relations; and so far inferior that they had no
rights which the white man was bound to
respect. This opinion was at that time fixed
and universal in the civilized portion of the
white race.”
Reading/Scott decision
•Lincoln and Douglas both running for the U.S.
Senate in Illinois in 1858.
•The debates were followed by the country because
both candidates were interested in running for the
Presidency in 1860.
•Slavery was the national issue
•Lincoln stated: A House Divided against itself
cannot stand. Either we become one or the other.
•was against the expansion of slavery
•Douglas believed that slavery should be decided by
the people.
•Popular sovereignty
Chart/L&D Debates
•Lincoln got Douglas
to admit that
Popular Sovereignty
could work against
the expansion of
slavery…..
•This was called the
Freeport Doctrine
Southerners would not support Douglas for the
presidency in 1860
Picture/ L&D Debates
Lincoln’s compares the black and white
races during the 1858 debates.
“I, as well as Judge Douglas, am in favor of the race to
which I belong, having the superior position. I have never
said anything to the contrary, but I hold that not with
standing all this, there is no reason in the world why the
negro is not entitled to all the natural rights enumerated
(expressed) in the DOI, the right to life, liberty and
the pursuit of happiness.
I hold that he is as much entitled to those rights as the
white man. I agree with Judge Douglas he is not my equal
in many respects---certainly not in color, perhaps not in
moral or intellectual endowment. But in the right to eat
the bread, without leave or anybody else, which his own
hand earns, he is my equal and the equal of Judge Douglas
and the equal of every living man”.
Reading/Lincoln on slavery
Under the operation of that policy
(Kansas/Nebraska Act and Dred Scott Decision),
that agitation has not only not ceased, but has
constantly augmented (slavery has grown). In my
opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have
been reached and passed.
"A house divided against itself cannot stand."
I believe this government cannot endure
permanently half slave and half free. I do not
expect the Union to be dissolved. I do not
expect the house to fall but I do expect it will
cease to be divided. It will become all one
thing, or all the other.”
Either the opponents of slavery will arrest
the further spread of it, and place it where
the public mind shall rest in the belief that it
is in the course of ultimate extinction; or its
advocates will push it forward, till it shall
become alike lawful in all the States, old as
well as new -- North as well as South.
Abraham Lincoln, 1858 during the
Lincoln/Douglas Debates
•Violent abolitionist
•Involved in the
Bleeding Kansas
•Murdered 5 pro-slavery
men in Kansas
•Wanted to lead a slave
revolt throughout the
South by raising an army
of freed slaves and
destroying the South.
•On the night of October
16tth, 1859, Brown and 21
men, including 5 blacks
raided the government
armory and arsenal at
Harpers Ferry to begin
his slave revolt.
•Brown became trapped
inside the fire-engine
house and on the 18th the
building was stormed by
US Marines.
•The fighting ended with
10 of Brown's people
killed and 7 captured,
Brown among them.
John Brown’s Raid
on Harper’s Ferry,
1859
•Brown is captured by USMC under the
leadership of Robert E. Lee
•Put on trial for treason.
•He was found guilty of treason
and sentenced to death.
•His last words were to this
effect: “I, John Brown, am now
quite sure that the crimes of this
guilty land will never be purged
away but with blood!!!”
•Northerners thought of John
Brown as a martyr to the
abolitionist cause.
•Southerners were terrified that if
John Brown almost got away with
this, there must be others like
him in the North who are willing
to die to end slavery.
Picture/J.Brown Hanging
•South’s outcome: To leave the
U.S. and start their own country.
Upon hearing of John Brown’s execution,
escaped slave and abolitionist Harriet
Tubman paid him the highest tribute for his
self-sacrifice.
“I’ve been studying, and studying
upon it and its clar to me, it wasn’t
John Brown that died on that
gallows. When I think how he gave
up his life for our people and how he
never flinched but was so brave to
the end; its clar to me it wasn’t
mortal man, it was God in Him.”
Reading/Tubman on Brown
Not all opponents of slavery, however, shared
Tubman’s reverence for Brown. Republican
presidential candidate Abe Lincoln dismissed
Brown as deluded:
“The Brown affair, in its philosophy,
corresponds with the many attempts,
related in history, at the assassination of
kings and emperors. An enthusiast
broods over the oppression of a people till
he fancies himself commissioned by
Heaven to liberate them. He ventures the
attempt, which ends in little else than his
own execution.”
√ Abraham Lincoln
Republican
Stephen A. Douglas
Northern Democrat
John Bell
1860
Constitutional Union
Presidential
Election
John C. Breckinridge
Southern Democrat
Republican Party
Platform in 1860
1. Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.
2. Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists].
3. No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a
disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”].
4. Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the
Northwest].
5. Internal improvements [for the West] at federal
expense.
6. Free homesteads for the public domain [for
farmers].
1860 Election:
A Nation Coming
Apart?
Country is
polarized (divided)
over the issue of
slavery.
Once Lincoln is
elected as
president, South
Carolina will
secede from the
U.S. along with
several other
Southern States.
•303 total
electoral votes
and 152 to win.
They will form
the Confederate
States of America--CSA
Election of 1860
Secession:
SC Dec. 20,
1860
Secession
Crittenden Compromise:
A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity and
preserve the Union from a Civil War
•Senator John J. Crittenden
(Know-Nothing-KY)
•Extend the Missouri Compromise
36, 30 line out to California.
Map 8 of 45
1848 Presidential Election Results
√
The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party]
 Nativists.
 Anti-Catholics.
 Anti-immigrants.
 1849  Secret Order
of the Star-Spangled
Banner created in
NYC.
1852 Presidential Election
√ Franklin Pierce
Democrat
Gen. Winfield Scott
Whig
John Parker Hale
Free Soil
1852
Election
Results
1856 Presidential Election
√ James Buchanan
Democrat
John C. Frémont
Republican
Millard Fillmore
Whig
1856
Election
Results
Problems of Sectional
Balance in 1850
California resumes slavery question
 Southern “fire-eaters” threatening
secession if California becomes a free state.
Abolitionists and several political parties
support a California as a free state.
 Underground RR & fugitive slave issues:
* Personal liberty laws
* Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842)