Transcript Causes of the Civil War

Causes of the Civil War
Bellringer
 66% of white southerners did NOT own slaves before
the Civil War. Since this is the case, what was the war
actually fought over?
 What are wars usually fought over?
Learning Objectives
 SS.912.A.2.1: Review causes and consequences of the
Civil War.
 Students will…
 Identify and explain the main forces that led to the Civil War.
 Distinguish the connections between events and ideas that led
to this conflict.
 Justify their opinion on which cause had the greatest effect on
initiating the war.
Sectionalism
 Each region began to evolve along different paths.
 South – emphasis on slavery, cotton
 Northwest – small, independent farming; “bread
basket” of country
 Northeast – manufacturing, factories
Sectionalism
 People began feeling loyalty towards their regions
over their nations.
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North wanted more active federal government that would
promote industry
South wanted very passive government because they wanted to
maintain the status quo
Slavery
 Abolitionists – reformers who wanted to get rid of
slavery
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Frederick Douglass
Sojourner Truth
Harriet Tubman
Uncle Tom’s Cabin – Harriet Beecher Stowe
 Slaves seen as inferior humans
 Afraid of what would happen if they were all freed
(chaos, violence, decrease in status of whites)
Westward Expansion
 How could they determine whether new territories
would allow slavery or not?
 Both sides were afraid of being outnumbered in
Congress
Breakdown of Compromise
 Missouri Compromise, 1820
 Free states = slave states, Missouri upset the balance
 Missouri became a slave state, Maine became a free state
 Established a line – all slavery above Missouri was banned, but
below it was allowed
Breakdown of Compromise
 Compromise of 1850
 California wanted to be a free state
 Land gained from the Mexican-American War was a new
problem
 So…California was admitted as a free state
 And…other territories were given “popular sovereignty”
 Harsher fugitive slave laws – free states had to return found
slaves to their owners in the south
Breakdown of Compromise
 Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854
 Proposed by Stephen Douglas, author of Compromise of 1820
 Divided Nebraska territory into Nebraska and Kansas
 Gave the two new states popular sovereignty
 Resulted in the creation of the Republican party – Northerners
were outraged that slavery could now be allowed in what had
been free territory
Breakdown of Compromise
 Bleeding Kansas, 1855-56
 Kansas divided by Kansas-Nebraska Act
 Two rival governments formed
 Federal government forced to send troops in to quell violence
Breakdown of Compromise
 Dred Scott Decision, 1857
 Dred Scott, a slave from Missouri, lived in a free state with his
owners for years then they all moved back
 In Missouri, he sued for his freedom
 Supreme Court decided as an African American, he wasn’t a
citizen of the US AND ruled that the north had no right to
prohibit slavery --- slaves were possessions and nothing more
 In response, Stephen Douglas published the Freeport Doctrine
– claimed residents of states could still vote to ban slavery
Breakdown of Compromise
 John Brown’s Raid, 1859
 John Brown – white Northern abolitionist
 Tried to agitate slaves in South to revolt
 Captured federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia
 Very few rebels participated – NO slaves
 Defeated and hung
 Instilled FEAR in Southerners
States’ Rights
 Southerners supported more states’ rights
 John C. Calhoun claimed states could even cancel
federal laws like taxes and tariffs
 This would also apply to leaving the Union altogether
 Northerners instead believed secession was illegal
Election of Lincoln, 1860
 No Southern states voted for Lincoln
 Immediately, S Carolina announced secession and
was followed by 6 other states
 Southern states became Confederate States of
America and elected Jefferson Davis as president
 Lincoln was determined to preserve the Union
 Shots fired at Fort Sumter initiated war
Exit Slip
4
I can make in-depth inferences concerning the causes of the Civil War.
3
I can evaluate and assess the causes of the Civil War.
2
I can name the causes of the Civil War.
1
With help, I know some of 2 and 3
0
Even with help, I am unable to understand.
1. Rate yourself on the scale.
2. What would you claim is the most influential cause of
the Civil War? Justify your answer.
Bellringer
 Take out your textbook and turn to pg 101.
 Read the passages and answer the questions.
 When finished, complete your mind map from last
class.
Learning Objectives
 Students will…
 Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of the
North and the South.
 Analyze the effectiveness and consequences of the
Emancipation Proclamation.
Military Strategies
 Anaconda Plan
 North
 “strangle” the South’s economy with a naval blockade
 Seize control of the Mississippi River
 South hoped that Northern citizens would lose
interest in the war and to get foreign support
 Instead…
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Lincoln suspended habeus corpus (no imprisonment without
charge) and issued paper money
conscription
EOC Practice
 The excerpt below is from a letter by General Winfield Scott
written in 1861 about the Anaconda Plan.
“So as to envelope the insurgent States and bring them to terms,
with less bloodshed than by any other plan.”
What was the main objective of the plan described in General
Scott’s letter?
a) To attack and bring under control a few key Southern cities
b) To disrupt Southern supply lines by controlling the railroad
junctions in the South
c) To sign treaties with Britain and France to prevent them
from assisting the South
d) To suffocate the South by controlling the Mississippi River
and the Southern ports
 The excerpt below is from a letter by General Winfield Scott
written in 1861 about the Anaconda Plan.
“So as to envelope the insurgent States and bring them to terms,
with less bloodshed than by any other plan.”
What was the main objective of the plan described in General
Scott’s letter?
a) To attack and bring under control a few key Southern cities
b) To disrupt Southern supply lines by controlling the railroad
junctions in the South
c) To sign treaties with Britain and France to prevent them
from assisting the South
d) To suffocate the South by controlling the
Mississippi River and the Southern ports
Major Battles
 Battle of Antietam – bloodiest day of the Civil War
Emancipation Proclamation, Sept. 22, 1862
 Why?
 Lincoln feared the South getting foreign aid
 Pressured by abolitionists to use war to end slavery
 But…still worried that ending slavery would alienate border
states
Emancipation Proclamation
 Textbook, pg 116
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pM3HS3rr-w0
Emancipation Proclamation
 Freed slaves in Confederacy…but not in the Union
 Officially made the war about slavery
Turning Point, 1863
 Gettysburg – Gettysburg Address
 50,000 troops injured or killed
 Forced Confederates under General Lee to retreat
 The next day – Battle of Vicksburg
 Union General Ulysses S. Grant won over this city
 Gave Union control of the Mississippi River Valley
Sherman’s March to the Sea
 General Grant wanted to destroy the Confederate
army AND its base of support
 Sends General Sherman on a march from W Georgia
to the coast
 Looted and burned farms, tore up railroad tracks
 Burned Atlanta to the ground
Exit Slip
 Rate yourself on the scale 0-4.
 Burning questions
 Predict: Will the Emancipation Proclamation
actually free the slaves?
Bellringer 9/9
 EOC practice pg 143 gold textbook
 Answer #s 1-4 on index card
Final Days
 By 1865, Confederates very weak
 Gen. Grant takes Richmond, Confederate capital
 Apr. 9, 1865 – General Lee surrenders at
Appomattox Courthouse
 One week later, Lincoln assassinated
Consequences of the Civil War
 Ended slavery
 Re-affirmed existence of Union
 Strengthened powers of federal government
 600,000 lives lost…
 Now…how do we recover?
Florida in the Civil War
 Seceded from the Union, 1861
 Long coastline made it easy to smuggle goods past
the Union naval blockade into Confederate lands
 Central Florida used to grow food and keep cattle for
Confederate troops
 What were the major consequences of the Civil War?
a)
The end of slavery and a strengthening of the power of the
federal government
b)
Recognition of the rights of states to leave the Union and to
nullify federal laws
c)
An end to racial discrimination and establishment of social
equality throughout the nation
d)
The abolition of slavery in all Northern states and in all
federal territories north of 36”30 N