Transcript chapter_3-_section_2_7thx

Chapter 3: Section 2
U.S. and Canadian History
2.1 Exploration and Colonization
Main Idea
European colonization of
North America brought
settlers from several
countries and permanently
changed life on the
continent.
Beginning
❖ 1400s Native Americans lived on the continent and
adapted to the environment that they lived in.
Europe meets Native America
❖ 1492 Columbus sails from Spain and arrived in the islands
of the Caribbean.
❖ Part of a period of European exploration of the Americas.
❖ They came in search of the three G’s:
➢ God, Gold, and Glory.
❖ Native Americans
were forever changed
with the arrival of
Europeans:
➢ they brought
diseases and
made large
settlements that
displaced them.
Continued...
❖ late 1500s Europeans began to colonize or build
settlements and develop trade in lands that they
controlled.
❖ St. Augustine, Jamestown, Plymouth, New Sweden, etc.
❖ mostly small settlements where people farmed, traded furs,
or did craft work.
❖ European powers began to fight over land: British and
French fought more than once over their colonies.
Slavery in the
Colonies
❖ The south had
plantations, or large
farms that grow crops
for profit.
❖ They needed more
than just the regular
labor force.
❖ Thousands of Africans
were forced into
slavery and brought to
the colonies.
King Cotton
As the production of
cotton increased in the
South, the population
of slaves dramatically
increased.
The Southern
economy would
become more and
more dependent on
slave labor.
2.2 Settling
Quebec
Main Idea: Conflict between
the British and the French
shaped the development of
Canada.
❖ As the colonies grew
the British and French
competed with each
other over land.
Founding New France
❖ 1534 Jacques Cartier
claimed the area around
the Gulf of the St.
Lawrence as New
France.
❖ he traveled farther to
present-day Montreal.
❖ Exploration opened up
valuable fur trade with
Native Americans.
❖ French traders
exchanged goods for
beaver pelts.
Beaver Pelt “High Hats”
Continued...
❖ 1600s Samuel de Champlain built Quebec-the first major
settlement of New France.
❖ 1672 Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette left New France
and explored the Mississippi River.
❖ They learned that the river ended in Spanish Territory into
the Gulf of Mexico.
Life in New France
❖ Most people in New
France farmed.
❖ The soil was not as
productive as in the
American colonies and
the South.
❖ Colder climate and
shorter growing season.
❖ Population of New
France never grew very
large.
❖ The French generally got
along better with Native
Americans.
Voyageurs
❖ They were adventurous
men who traveled the
area to trade with Native
Americans for furs.
Missionaries
❖ They were sent by the
Roman Catholic Church
to convert Native
Americans to Christianity.
The British Take Control
❖ British and French were rivals for control of the region.
❖ 1754 they went to war over an area of the upper Ohio
River.
❖ The bigger issue was which culture would be a stronger
influence in North America.
❖ Britain had a greater military and financial resources-they
conquered Quebec in 1760 and gained control of New
France.
Continued...
❖ Britain needed the
French subjects in
Quebec on their side
because there was
trouble with the
American colonies.
❖ Quebec Act-1774
➢ established a French law
system.
➢ allowed freedom to
practice their
religion(Catholic)
➢ Following the American
Revolution many colonists
loyal to Britain traveled to
2.3 Revolution and
Independence
Main Idea: The American
colonists fought for and won
independence from Britain.
❖ American colonists
began to have
problems with their
ruling country-Britain on
how to govern their
new land.
Trouble in the Colonies
❖ 1700s British government passed several new laws for
taxes in the colonies-a tax is a fee demanded by the
government to pay for public services.
❖ Angry about the new taxes the colonists protested, or
objected to, British control.
❖ 1773-Boston Tea Party-angry colonists dumped a shipment
of tea from Britain into Boston harbor in protest of taxes on
tea.
❖ To punish the
colonies Britain
passed more
laws.
❖ these
punishments
made the
colonist more
determined to
govern
themselves.
❖ The colonists were ready for
revolution.
The American Revolution
❖ April 19, 1775-violence erupted in Lexington and Concord,
MA.
❖ British soldiers sent to destroy military supplies of colonial
rebels.
❖ One rebel, Paul Revere, alerted the Minutemen, colonists
who were standing ready to fight at only a minute’s
warning.
❖ These problems led to the armed conflict known as the
1776 colonial leaders signed the
Declaration of Independence, claiming
rights for America as an independent
country.
continued...
❖ Benjamin Franklin traveled to France to ask for French
support.
❖ The French loaned money and sent troop and ships.
❖ Marquis de Lafayette became an officer in the Patriot army
and helped General George Washington.
❖ General
Washington led
us to a final
victory in
Yorktown, VA and
the British
surrendered in
1781.
❖ the two sides signed the
Treaty of Paris in 1783
which formally resolved
the issues between
Britain and the U.S.
➢ It recognized
American
independence.
➢ set the borders of the
U.S.
Lasting Effects
❖ Worldwide impact
➢ assistance from French aided the Americans but it also
contributed to economic trouble for France and its own
revolution.
➢ The American example also helped inspire revolutions
in Haiti and Central America.
➢ Many who were still loyal to Britain moved to Canada,
increasing the British presence there.
2.4 U.S.
Constitution
Main Idea: After the Revolution,
Americans created a
government based on a balance
of power and the rights of the
people.
❖ 1781-1789 the U.S. was
government by the
Articles of
Confederation-was not
effective.
A New Plan
● 1789 American leaders begin writing a constitution-a
document that organizes a government and states its
powers.
● The document needed to grant freedoms to individuals
and limit government.
● Differences in northern and southern states had to be
addressed.
❖ Officially approved in 1789.
❖ establishes government on
five principles:
➢ Separation of Powers
➢ Federalism
➢ Democracy
➢ Limited government
➢ checks and balances.
Bill of Rights
❖ The U.S. Constitution has lasted so long because it can be
changed.
➢ Amendments-formal changes to the law can be added.
Continued...
Three branches of government
2.5 Expansion
and
Industrialization
Main Idea: During the 1800s, the
United States expanded its
territory and industries.
❖ after the Revolutionary
War the territory of the
U.S. stretched to the
Mississippi.
❖ 1803 President
Jefferson doubled the
size by adding the
Louisiana Purchase.
Settling the West
❖ Many Americans believed we had the right to expand our
territory all the way to the Pacific Ocean-most of which was
owned by Spain and then Mexico.
❖ The idea was called Manifest Destiny.
❖ 1804 Lewis and Clark explored the newly purchased land
all the way to the Pacific and back again.
❖ The exploration helped the U.S. lay claim to territory in
Oregon.
❖ 1840s thousands of
American pioneers
began settling the
new territory.
❖ The demand for land
also led to the Indian
Removal Act which
placed Native
Americans in
reservations away from
their homelands.
Trail of Tears
❖ The forced
removal of
Cherokee from
their lands.
❖ 116-day journey
to Oklahoma.
Industrialization
❖ After independence industries grew, especially textiles.
❖ 1813 production of cloth was completely mechanized.
❖ Industrialization-the shift to large-scale productioncontinued to expand throughout the 19th century.
❖ The construction of the Erie Canal in 1825 and the
completion of the Transcontinental railroad in 1869 helped
make shipping and industry easier across the U.S.
2.6 Civil War
and
Reconstruction
Main Idea: Differences between
Northern and Southern states
led to the Civil War.
❖ The division between
North and South
became even worse
with the issues of
slavery and abolition.
Causes of the Civil War
❖ After the election of pro-abolition president Abraham
Lincoln in 1860 11 Southern states would secede or leave
the Union.
❖ Lincoln declared those states in rebellion.
❖ Confederate troops would attack Fort Sumter beginning
the Civil War.
Conduct of the War
❖ It lasted 4 years-1861-1865
❖ the Confederates won many battles but the Union had a
larger military and stronger economy with more resources.
❖ January 1, 1863-Emancipation Proclamation-freed all slaves
in Confederate territory.
❖ Also 1863 Lincoln gave the Gettysburg Address-to honor
those who had died in that key battle.
Eventually the resources and economy of
the North proved too strong, and the
Confederacy surrendered in 1865.
Reconstruction After the War
❖ Racial tensions, desperate poverty, and hostility toward the
U.S. government were still present in the South.
❖ Reconstruction-the effort to rebuild and reunite the states
as one nation.
❖ Many southerners did not allow freed slaves to have the
freedoms that they had earned.
❖ The government sent troops to protect them.
❖ 1877 Reconstruction ended and it
would be almost a century before the
federal government would help
African Americans again.
2.7 World
Conflict
Main Idea: In the 20th and 21st
centuries, the United States
became increasingly involved in
world affairs and conflicts.
❖ As the population and
prosperity grew so did
economic power which
made it difficult for the
country to remain
neutral.
World War I
❖ War broke out in 1914 in Europe: Russia, France and
Britain-the allies-fought the Central Powers led by
Germany.
❖ The U.S. had alliances with France and Britain.
❖ U.S. stayed neutral-didn’t take a side.
❖ German submarines sank the Lusitania-the U.S. could no
longer remain neutral.
❖ When the war ended the peace treaty
that was signed was very harsh with
the Germans.
World War II and the Cold War
❖ The U.S. stock market crashed in 1929 and set off a series
of events the led to worldwide economic trouble called the
Great Depression.
❖ 1933 Adolf Hitler rose to power promising to restore
Germany’s political power.
❖ He became a dictator and planned to conquer all of
Europe.
❖ He invaded Poland in
1939 and started WWII.
❖ The U.S. stayed neutral
until the Japanese
bombed Pearl Harbor on
December 7, 1941.
❖ After years of
fighting Germany
surrendered in
May 1945.
❖ Japan continued
to fight until we
dropped two
atomic bombs on
Hiroshima and
Nagasaki.
Human Cost
❖ The Holocaust-Hitler’s organized murder of Jews and other groups
was responsible for an estimated 6 million people.
❖ Overall 50 million people were killed, mostly in Europe and the Soviet
Union.
❖ The Soviet Union and the U.S. had many differences and entered into
a Cold War-a long period of political tension without fighting.
❖ The Soviet Union promoted communism.
❖ The Cold War ended in 1991 with the end of the Soviet Union.
Terrorism and Modern Conflict
❖ Terrorism-a new type of warfare where terrorists use
violence to achieve political results.