Transcript chapter 17 - the civil warx

US HISTORY
Chapter 17
The Civil War
1861-1865
Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
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Choosing Sides
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For most states, choosing sides
was easy
Border States – states on the
border that allowed slavery but
also had ties to the North
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Missouri – controlled parts of the
Mississippi River
Kentucky – controlled parts of the
Ohio River
Delaware – close to Philadelphia
Maryland – north of DC…DC
would be within the Confederacy
All four states remained in the
Union
Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
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The Union
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Advantages
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Larger population
More factories
More resources
More railroads
Better banking system
Disadvantages
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North had to invade
North was away from home and supplies
Fewer trained soldiers
Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
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The Confederacy
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Advantages
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Strong support for the war
Fighting in familiar territory (home-field
advantage)
Fighting to defend their homes
Military leadership was superior
Disadvantages
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Smaller population
Few factories
Fewer railroads
Lesson 1 – The Two Sides
 War Strategy
UNION
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Anaconda Plan
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Blockade all Southern
ports
Gain control of the
Mississippi River
Capture Richmond,
VA (Confederate
capital)
CONFEDERACY
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Hold on to as much
territory as possible
until the North gave
up (war of attrition)
Get France and/or
Great Britain to join
as an ally
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
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First Battle of Bull Run
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Fought in VA – July 21, 1861
Many civilians from
Washington, D.C. came out as
spectators
N drove S back at first
S got reinforcements from Gen.
Thomas Jackson (seen holding
out like a “stone wall”)
S counterattacks and breaks N
lines…S wins
N finds out war will last longer
than they hoped
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
CSS Virginia
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War of the Ironclads
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USS Monitor
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Fought off coast of
VA – March 9, 1862
Confederate ship,
Virginia, and Union
ship, Monitor,
fought…battle was
indecisive
First ever battle b/w
two ironclad ships
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
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War in the West
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Union victories at Shiloh, Corinth,
& New Orleans enabled the North
to control the Mississippi River
War in the East
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Although the North outnumbered
the South, the North was unable
to gain control of Richmond
South was also able to get
victories at Seven Days’ Battle,
Second Bull Run, & Fredericksburg
General Robert E. Lee decided to
invade the North
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
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Battle of Antietam
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Fought in Maryland on 9/17/1862
Nearly 6,000 soldiers were
killed…17,000 more badly
wounded
Single bloodiest day in the Civil
War
S retreats, N wins
McClellan (Union general) chose
not to pursue Southern
troops…some believe he could
have ended the war
Lincoln was upset…removed
McClellan and replaced him with
General Ambrose Burnside
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
General McClellan
General Burnside
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
General Burnside
Mr. Hasenour
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
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Emancipation Proclamation
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Lincoln was antislavery but
was hesitant to make slavery
the focus of the war…didn’t
want to lose border states
Lincoln was persuaded to go
along with this when he felt
he may lose the support of
Great Britain & France
Didn’t want to issue it until
after a Union
victory…Antietam was that
victory
Lesson 2 – Early Years of the War
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Emancipation Proclamation
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September 22, 1862 – Lincoln
issued the Emancipation
Proclamation
Said that on January 1, 1863,
all slaves in states that were
in the Confederacy would
become free…did NOT apply
to border states
Changed the focus of the
war…now if the Union won,
slavery would be banned
Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
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A Different Way of Life
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Many teenagers fought in
the war
Those that didn’t fight
stayed home to help with
chores
Only about half of schoolage children attended
school during the war
Many schools were shut
down, especially those close
to the fighting
Many schools and churches
became hospitals for the
wounded
Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
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Role of Women
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Many women kept the family
going at home while their
husbands were away fighting
For the first time, many
women served as nurses
Many felt the scenes of war
were too gruesome & that a
woman shouldn’t be tending
to a strange man
Others worked as spies
including Harriet Tubman
Few even disguised
themselves as men & fought
in battle
Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
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Prison Camps
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In the beginning, the two
sides had prisoner
exchanges
Stopped that policy when
they realized these men
were going back out to fight
Both sides set up prison
camps
Andersonville (GA)
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Built to hold 10,000 prisoners
Had over 30,000 most of the
time
Poor conditions…nearly
13,000 Union prisoners died
Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
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Field Hospitals
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Surgeons & nurses traveled
with soldiers
Many operations &
amputations performed with
little or no anesthesia
Disease & Illness killed more
soldiers than fighting
More than 400,000 of the
618,000 that died were from
disease
Improper food and sanitation
caused diarrhea, dysentery,
measles, smallpox, typhoid,
gangrene, and chicken pox
Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
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Suspension of Habeas Corpus
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Habeas corpus – legal
protection in the Constitution
from being unlawfully
imprisoned
Lincoln suspended ‘habeas
corpus’ during the
war…enabled him to put
anyone in jail including
members of the Maryland State
Legislature
Jefferson Davis also suspended
it in the South
Lesson 3 – Life During the Civil War
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Draft Laws
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Both sides had drafts to enlist
soldiers
North even offered a bounty,
or signing bonus, for joining
up  bounties were as much
as $677 in New York
Bounty jumping soon became
a profession, as men signed
up, then deserted, to enlist
again elsewhere. One man
repeated the process 32
times before being caught
Lesson 4 – The Strain of War
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Battle of Gettysburg
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July 1-4, 1863 in Gettysburg, PA
Union forces held the high ground
but were outnumbered
South kept trying to break the
North’s lines
Pickett’s Charge – Southern
charge led by Gen. George
Pickett…attacked the center of the
North’s position, broke through
the first line but were defeated…¾
of these soldiers were killed or
wounded
N won the battle
Casualties – N=23,000, S=25,000
Lesson 4 – The Strain of War
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Gettysburg Address
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Speech given by Lincoln
on November 19, 1863 at
the dedication of the
Soldiers’ National
Cemetery in Gettysburg
Speech only lasted about
two minutes but it is
considered one of the
great speeches in
American history
Pg. 614 – “Four score and
seven years ago…”
Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
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Union Strategy in 1864
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By this time, the Union had control of
the Mississippi River & a successful
blockade of Southern ports
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant was placed in
charge of Northern troops…he
decided to get aggressive vs. the South
May/June 1864 – Grant’s forces
attacked Lee’s forces at Wilderness,
Spotsylvania Courthouse, & Cold
Harbor…very fierce and bloody battles
North was also able to cut Richmond,
Atlanta, & Mobile Bay off from the
Confederacy
Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
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Election of 1864
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At first, it appeared that
Lincoln would not win
reelection
Union victories at Atlanta
& Mobile Bay turned the
tide
Lincoln won & viewed his
victory as a sign of the
people wanting an end to
slavery
Congress passed the 13th
Amendment on January
31, 1865…banned slavery
in the US
Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
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March to the Sea
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After Sherman got control of
Atlanta, they burned the city
as they left
William Tecumseh Sherman’s
forces then began a march to
Savannah, GA
Along the way, Sherman’s
forces destroyed everything in
their path (fields, animals,
towns, bridges, railroads, etc.)
Didn’t want to leave anything
that may be useful to the
Confederacy
Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
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Fall of Richmond
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April 2, 1865
Lee’s forces
withdrew from
the Confederate
capital city
Major victory for
the North…end
was near
Lesson 5 – The War’s Final Stages
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Surrender
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April 9, 1865 –
Appomattox Court
House, VA
Lee surrendered to
Grant…war was over
Grant was very
generous…allowed
Southern soldiers to keep
small firearms, officers
could keep horses, and
gave food to the men