Transcript The Civil war - Warren County Public Schools

1861-1865
 1.

Write down 5 causes of the civil war.
Page 154 in textbook
 2.
Turn to a partner and compare lists.
Compile a list on 5 causes of the war.
 Abraham
Lincoln nominated by Republicans
 Aimed to keep slavery from spreading, but
he would not “interfere with their slaves, or
with them, about their slaves.”
 Other candidates:
 Stephen Douglas nominated by Northern
Democrats (popular sovereignty)
 John C. Breckenridge nominated by Southern
Democrats (Dred Scott decision)
 Lincoln wins even though he received no
electoral votes and loses the popular vote in
the south
 Northern
Fort in
Southern Territory
The North didn’t want
to fight for the fort,
but didn’t want to
surrender it
 Sent in non military
supplies to the fort

 South
attacks the
fort, and it goes into
southern control
 After
the Election of President Lincoln as the 16th
President of America, Seven states left the Union

South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia,
Louisiana, Texas
 After
Fort Sumter, the gears of war were set and
the Civil war was underway
 The
seven states met in Montgomery,
Alabama to form the Confederacy.
 Drafted their own constitution that
“protected and recognized” slavery in the
new territories.
 Jefferson Davis elected as presidents.
 Both
sides gathered up the supplies they had and
called for volunteers.



The north originally called for 75,000 men
That number would go to upwards of 2.1 million men
The south however only peaked at 1.1 million men to
fight during the civil war
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Union
Confederacy
North
South
A Larger population meant that
the North was going to be able to
produce and have a constant
supply of troops
During the secession a majority
of military officers choose to side
with the south (Robert E. Lee)
Ability to move large amount of
supplies from point A to point B
through Railroads
A knowledge of the landscape the
war was going to take place on
A surplus of money and a strong
credit with banks in the north
Ability to produce surpluses of
food for their troops
A strong navy that could help
squeeze the south from supplies
Cotton?
 General
in Chief of the U.S Winfield Scott proposed
a strategy for defeating the south which involved
blockading the Mississippi river and coastal ports of
Confederate states.
 He was aware that it would prolong the war, but he
believed that the war would have less bloodshed if
they acted on this plan
 The
President of the Confederate States, Jefferson
Davis, imagined a scenario similar to the
revolutionary war.
 By attacking key positions and retreating, they
would be able to minimize casualties and break the
north's will and lead to negotiations.
 New
Rifles - could shoot straighter and faster
 Iron
plated navel ships – changed naval warfare
 Advancement
in warfare – the idea of using
trenches and walls
 Railroads- the ability to move troops and supplies
from point A to point B changed the pace of the
war
 Medical
wounds
advancements – new methods for treating
http://www.history.com/videos/civil-wartech#civil-war-tech
 Abraham
Lincoln –16th president of the United
States
 Although the focus of the war shifted to slavery, his
original goal was to preserve the union
 Key
military general for the Union Armies
 Would ultimately win the civil war for the north.
 West Point Grad.
 Most successful Union General
The
only president of the
Confederate states of
America
Born
in Christian Co.
Kentucky
“ our present
condition..illustrates the
American idea that
governments rest upon the
consent of the governed,
and that it is the right of
people to alter or abolish
governments whenever
they become destructive
to the ends for which they
were established.”
Davis, 1861
 The
top graduate from WestPoint
 Was actually pro-union
 The most prominent and successful Confederate
general
“It is good that war is so horrible, or we might grow to like it.”
Lincoln used this as an
opportunity to release his
newest bill, the
Emancipation
Proclamation.
Signed 9/22/1862
Was this a pre-cursor to
the 13th amendment?
 Went
into effect January 1, 1863
 Freed all slaves in the rebel states, the Confederate
states did not cooperate…
 The
Proclamation did not compensate the owners,
did not itself outlaw slavery, and did not make the
ex-slaves (called freedmen) citizens
 Did
the Proclamation free all of the slaves?
 How
 How
did the southerners react to this action?
did the reaction affect the views of other
nations such as Europe?
 How important was the document?
 For
the first time in American History, all
slaves were to be “free”
 However, they were expected to serve in the
union forces

What does this make you think about the purpose
behind Lincoln signing the proclamation? Is the
transition into service smooth for the A.A.?
 Tensions
even in the north were high, many
Americans thought they would lose their jobs
to the freed men.
179K
A.A served in the civil war
40K would be killed
30K of those deaths were due to
illness and infection
 One
of the first all black units to see
extensive action during the war
 Lead by Robert Gould Shaw
 The regiment's first battlefield
action took place on James Island,
South Carolina.The regiment
stopped a Confederate assault,
losing 42 men in the process
 Battle
of Gettysburg
-July 1-3, 1863 – in PA
-turning point in the war
-largest battle ever fought in N.A. – Union had
88,000 - Conf. had 75,000
July 1 – Conf. soldiers looking for supplies (esp.
shoes) met Union soldiers in Gettysburg – both
sides took positions outside of town
July 2 – day of movement and positioning – Lee
ordered Gen. James Longstreet to attack the
southern Union line (Little Round Top) – attack
failed
July 3 – Lee decided to attack the Union center –
Longstreet opposed – after 2 hrs. of artillery fire
the South attacked
-Gen. George Pickett org. 12,500 troops to
march across the 1-mile-long wide open field
towards Cemetery Ridge (Pickett’s Charge)
-complete disaster for Conf. – only ½ returned
-Union victory
-Casualties: Union – 23,000
Conf. – 28,000
Result:
1) bloodiest battle of the war
2) Lee blamed himself and retreated back to VA –
lost 1/3 of his army
 Gettysburg
Address (Nov. 19, 1863) – 15,000
met at the cemetery to honor the Union dead –
Edward Everette gave a 2 hr. speech – Lincoln
then gave a 2 min. speech
“Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this
continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to
the proposition that all men are created equal…we here highly
resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain -- that this
nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom -- and that
government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall
not perish from the earth.”
 Election



of 1864
Abe Lincoln was elected again by votes
Took this as approval for his war strategy and political
stances on slavery
With the aid of opposing democrats, Lincoln passed the
13th Amendment on Jan. 31st 1865
 Union
Calvary blocked Lee’s retreat in Appomattox
 Lee was forced to surrender

“There is nothing to do but to go see grant, and I would
rather die a thousand times”
 Lee
surrendered on April 9th, 1865
 Grant
guaranteed that no rebel soldier would be
trialed for treason
 Grant
also allowed all the soldiers to take…Their
horses…back home

Why would they do that?
 The
civil war accounted for 620,000 American
deaths
 Would




be the equivalent of everyone in the city of
Boston Massachusetts (617K)
Seattle Washington (608K)
Nashville (601K)
Louisville (597K)
 Disappearing

in a span of 5 years
This is Bowling Green’s Population 10 times over
 On
April 14th, 1865—Lincoln went with his wife to
see a play
 John Wilkes Booth slipped behind the president and
shot him at point blank range in the back of the
head
http://www.youtube.com/watc
h?v=6qAeFjCscRY