Transcript Civil War - Important Information

Unit 4: The Civil War
A Nation Divided
SS5H1 The student will explain the
causes, major events, and
consequences of the Civil War.
a. Identify Uncle Tom’s Cabin and John Brown’s
raid on Harper’s Ferry, and explain how each of
these events was related to the Civil War.
• In the 1850s, Harriet Beecher
Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s
Cabin
• The book described the cruelty
of slavery and helped to
convince many Northerners
that slavery was wrong
How do you think Southerners felt about
the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin? Why?
John Brown’s Raid
• John Brown was an
abolitionist
• In the late 1850s he tried to
start a slave rebellion
• He attacked an armory at
Harpers Ferry, VA, but was
captured before he could
arm any slaves
• The North saw Brown as a
hero, while the South viewed
him as evil
Questions??
• What’s an abolitionist?
• How did the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin, and John
Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry, help divide the
North and the South?
SS5H1a
Uncle Tom’s Cabin was published in 1852. What was the
impact of this book on the American public?
A. It marked the beginning of the Civil War.
B. It reduced the threat of violence against slaves.
C. It led Congress to pass the Jim Crow laws.
D. It convinced many people that slavery was morally wrong.
b. Discuss how the issues of states’ rights and slavery
increased tensions between the North and South.
• By the mid 1800s many in the North began to
believe that laws should be passed banning
slavery
• Southern states saw this as an attempt to
destroy their economy: Many Southern states
grew crops that used slave labor
• Many in the South felt that the Federal
Government should not interfere with slavery
and that each state should be able to decide the
issue for themselves: They believed in strong
states’ rights
• The issues of slavery and states’ rights helped to
divide the country between Northern and
Southern states
• Many Southerner’s felt the only way to protect
their rights was to secede from the United States
Questions??
• What issues helped divide the country between Northern
and Southern states?
• What does it mean to secede?
• Why do you think President Lincoln did not want the
Southern states to secede?
SS5H1b
What was a major cause of the Civil War?
A. People in the North and in the South had different religions.
B. People in the North and in the South disagreed over slavery.
C. People in the North wanted control of the country when they found
out that gold had been discovered in the South.
D. People in the South wanted control of the country when they found
out that oil had been discovered in the North.
• d. Describe the roles of Abraham Lincoln,
Robert E. Lee, Ulysses S. Grant, Jefferson
Davis, and Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson.
Abraham Lincoln
• President of the U.S. during
the Civil War
• At first Lincoln fought the
Civil War to preserve, or
keep together, the United
States
• Issued the Emancipation
Proclamation which freed the
slaves in the states that
seceded
Jefferson Davis
• Was the 1st and only
President of the
Confederacy (Southern
States) during the Civil War
Robert E. Lee
• Southern General from
Virginia
• Led the South’s largest army
• Invaded the North and lost a
major battle at Gettysburg,
Pennsylvania
Ulysses S. Grant
• Was the main Union
(Northern) General
• Won several major battles
during the war
• Forced Confederate
General Lee to surrender at
Appomattox, helping to end
the war
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
• Was one of General
Lee’s most important
Generals
• Was very brave, and
would stand like a
“Stonewall” during
battles
• Was accidently killed
by his own men
Questions????
SS5H1d
Use the information below to answer this question.
*He was from Virginia.
*He did not want the South to leave the Union.
*He became a Southern general.
*He surrendered to General Ulysses Grant to end the Civil
War.
This person was:
• A. Stonewall Jackson.
• B. Robert E. Lee.
• C. J.E.B. Stuart.
• D. Jefferson Davis.
c. Identify major battles and campaigns: Fort
Sumter, Gettysburg, the Atlanta Campaign,
Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Appomattox
Court House.
Fort Sumter, South Carolina
• In 1860, South Carolina became the 1st state to
secede from the U.S.
• Fort Sumter was a Union held fort in Charleston
Harbor
• South Carolina told the Union to surrender the
fort, but they refused
Fort Sumter
• In April 1861, Confederate (Southern)
cannons opened fire on Fort Sumter,
starting the Civil War
Gettysburg, Pennsylvania (1863)
• In July 1863,
Confederate General
Robert E. Lee invaded
Pennsylvania
• He hoped that a
Southern victory would
convince the North to
settle for peace and
end the war
Gettysburg
• Gettysburg was a 3
day battle
• The South lost the
battle suffering heavy
loses
• Gettysburg is
considered the turning
point in the war
because the South lost
men and supplies they
could not replace
The Atlanta Campaign (1864)
• Led by Union General William Sherman,
Union forces marched towards Atlanta
• The Union wanted to capture Atlanta because
it was a railroad center and held supplies
• After months of fighting, the Union army
captured the city
Sherman’s March to the Sea
• From Atlanta, General Sherman led his troops
through Georgia, towards Savannah
• Along the way, Union
troops destroyed anything
Southerners needed for
the war: Sherman wanted
the people to dislike war so
much, that they would never
want to fight again (Total War)
Appomattox Court House
• In April 1865, Confederate General Robert E.
Lee surrendered his army to Union General
Ulysses Grant at Appomattox
• Lee’s surrender signaled the end of the war
Effects of the War
The North and the South lost many men during the
war
South:
• Much of the Southern
farm land and cities
were destroyed
during the war
• The cost of food rose
dramatically (Why?)
North:
• Industry and factories
grew in the North
• Women were given a
greater role in the
work place while the
men were away
fighting
Questions???
• What were some of the main issues that divided the
North and the South?
• Where did the Civil War start?
• Who were the two main political leaders during the Civil
War?
• Who were some of the main Generals for the North and
the South?
• What was considered the turning point of the Civil War?
Why?
• What was General Sherman’s role in the war?
More Questions???
SS5H1c
By 1864, the North was winning the Civil War. To help bring the war to an
end, the North sent General William Sherman on his “March to the Sea.” The
purpose of this was to
A. move Union troops to the coast where they could be moved to other places.
B. destroy property and make Southerners realize they could not win the war.
C. help people in the South who wanted to end the war by surrendering.
D. allow European forces to join Union troops in the coastal areas of the
South.
Differences between the North and South finally led to war in 1861. What
event started the Civil War?
A. the announcement of the Dred Scott decision
B. the bombardment and Northern surrender of Fort Sumter *
C. the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation
D. the invasion of the North by Confederate troops