Transcript The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening: A Comparison

Lesson 17.2b:
War Affects Society
Essential Question
What was the
role of women
during the Civil
War and what
happened to the
soldiers who
were taken as
prisoners.
Vocabulary
counterpart: a person who has a rank,
job or role similar to that of another
person. but on the other team or
side
exposure: effects of being without
protection from the weather
dwarfed:
made to seem small by
comparison
What we already know…
In the North,
Lincoln’s
Emancipation
Proclamation led
tens of thousands
of African
Americans to join
the Union army.
What we already know…
Before the
Civil War, few
women
worked
outside their
homes.
Women Aid the War Effort
With so many men
away at war,
women in both the
North and the
South assumed
increased
responsibilities.
Women Aid the War Effort
Women plowed
fields and ran
farms and
plantations.
Women Aid the War Effort
They also took over
jobs in offices and
factories that had
previously been done
only by men.
Women Aid the War Effort
Other social changes
came about because
of the thousands of
women who served
on the front lines as
volunteer workers
and nurses.
Women Aid the War Effort
Women volunteers
went to work
washing clothes,
gathering
supplies, and
cooking food for
soldiers.
Women Aid the War Effort
Battlefield nursing, which was once done
only by men, became a respectable
profession for
many women
during the
Civil War.
Women Aid the War Effort
Before the Civil War,
most military nurses
were men, like the
poet Walt Whitman.
Women Aid the War Effort
By the end of the
war, around 3,000
nurses had worked
under the
leadership of
Dorothea Dix in
Union hospitals.
Women Aid the War Effort
Mary Ann Bickerdyke was a
widow who made herbal
medicine before the war.
Her study of natural
medicine, which stressed
the benefits of clean water
and cleanliness, is credited
with saving more lives than
all the army physicians.
.
Women Aid the War Effort
Susie King Taylor was an
African-American woman..
Married to an African
Amerian soldier, she moved
with her husband's regiment,
serving as nurse and
laundress, and teaching
many of the black soldiers to
read and write during their
off-duty hours.
.
Women Aid the War Effort
Trained as a schoolteacher, Clara Barton
organized a relief agency to help with the
war effort.“While our soldiers stand and
fight,” she said, “I can stand
and feed and nurse them.”
She also made food for
soldiers in camp and tended
to the wounded and dying on
the battlefield.
Women Aid the War Effort
At Antietam, Clara Barton
held a doctor’s operating
table steady as cannon
shells burst all around
them.
The doctor called her “the
angel of the battlefield.”
After the war, Barton
founded the American Red
Cross.
Women Aid the War Effort
Women also
played a key role
as spies in both
the North and
the South.
Women Aid the War Effort
Harriet Tubman
spied for the Union
all along the South
Carolina coast.
Women Aid the War Effort
The most famous
Confederate spy was Belle
Boyd. Although she was
arrested six times, she
continued her work
through much of the war. At
one point, she even sent
messages from her jail cell
by putting them in little
rubber balls and tossing
them out the window.
Women Aid the War Effort
A popular Washington
widow and hostess when
the Civil War began, Rose
Greenhow used her
feminine charms to pass
along to Confederate
officials information on the
defenses of Washington
and Union troop
movements.
Women Aid the War Effort
Rose Greenhow is
credited with
providing General
P.G.T. Beauregard with
information resulting
in the Union defeat at
the First Battle of Bull
Run in July 1861.
Get your
whiteboards and
markers ready!
Which new role was not taken by
women during the Civil War ?
A. Working in offices and factories, doing jobs
formerly held by men.
B. Nursing.
C. Holding positions in the government.
D. Working on farms and running plantations.
E. Spying for the government.
Which of the following women did
NOT serve as a Civil War nurse?
A. Clara Barton
B. Sarah Rosetta Wakeman
C. Mary Ann Bickerdyce
D. Susie King Taylor
What did Clara Barton do after the
war?
A. Was given the position of Captain in the
Union Army.
B. Founded the World Health Organization
under the United Nations.
C. Founded the “Forever 21” clothing chain.
D. Was appointed Surgeon General by the
president.
E. Helped to found the American Red Cross.
Which of the following women did
NOT serve as a Civil War spy?
A. Harriet Tubman
B. Belle Boyd
C. Mary Ann Bickerdyce
D. Rose Greenhow
Women Aid the War Effort
Both the Union and
Confederate armies
rejected the enlistment of
women.
Women who wanted to
serve in the army
disguised themselves as
men and assumed
masculine names.
Women Aid the War Effort
Because many of them
successfully passed as men, it
is impossible to know with any
certainty how many women
served in the Civil War.
At least 135 women soldiers
are known to have fought in
the Civil War disguised as men,
although estimates believe the figure to be
closer to 400.
Women Aid the War Effort
Of these brave women one
named Sarah Rosetta
Wakeman served from April
1862 and fought in the Battle of
Pleasant Hill in April 1864. She
died from dysentery one year
later. Her true gender was
not known until Wakeman's many letters
she wrote home were discovered many
years later by a relative.
Women Aid the War Effort
In some areas of the country, women
formed Home Guards in order to
protect the home front while the men
and boys were gone.
Women Aid the War Effort
Some of these
Home Guards
consisted only of
teenagers and
young women,
who practiced
and drilled and
made their own
uniforms to look
like those worn
by male soldiers.
CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS
We have discussed
how many soldiers
were killed or
horribly wounded;
but what about those
that were captured?
CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS
At prison
camps in
both the
North and
the South,
prisoners of
war faced
horrible
conditions.
CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS
One of the worst prison camps in the North
was in Elmira, New York.
In just one year, one in every five of
Elmira’s 12,121 prisoners died of sickness
and exposure
to severe
weather.
Snow covered.
CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS
Conditions were also horrible in the
South. The camp with the worst
reputation was at Andersonville,
Georgia.
CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS
Built to hold 10,000 prisoners, at one
point it housed 33,000.
A staggering 13,700 men died within
thirteen months at Andersonville.
CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS
Inmates had little shelter from the weather.
Most slept in holes scratched in the dirt.
Drinking water came from one tiny creek
that also
served as
a sewer.
CIVIL WAR PRISON CAMPS
As many as 100 men per day died at
Andersonville from starvation, disease, and
exposure. People
who saw the camps
were shocked by the
condition of the
surviving soldiers,
comparing them to
mummified corpses.
Get your whiteboards and
markers ready!
What were two of the nation’s
worst Civil War prison camps?
A. Bradenton, Maryland
B. Elmira, New York
C. Andersonville, Georgia
D. Paducah, Kentucky
E. Evansville, Illinois
Most prisoners of the Civil War
died from.
A. Being hung by their captors.
B. Exposure to the elements.
C. Forced labor.
D. Diseases brought about through malnutrition,
unsanitary living conditions and neglect.
E. Boredom
(Choose all that apply.)
A and B Discuss
What advantage do you think a woman
would have over a man as a spy. What
advantages do you think a man would
have as a spy?
Portfolio 17.2 Study Questions (p54)
7. What did Southerners like Jefferson Davis believe the
Constitution said about the rights of states?
8. How did the South’s principle of states’ rights undermine
the Confederate war effort?
9. How did President Lincoln deal with Copperheads and war
protests?
10. How did the draft laws in the North and South differ?
11. How did the war affect the economy in the South and the
North?
12. What new roles did women take on during the war?
13. Why did so many soldiers suffer and die behind enemy
lines in places like Andersonville, Georgia and Elmira, New
York?
(Copy the following 17.2 Class Notes chart on Portfolio p)
New war-time roles
for women –
Clara Barton –
Mary Ann Bickerdyce
Skip two
–
blank lines
Susie King Taylor – between
each
one!
Harriet Tubman –
Belle Boyd –