Transcript Battle of Antietam - St. Mary of Gostyn

16.2
War in the East
Eric Badillo, Vince Bobbitt, Joe Martens, Joe Nelson
The First Battle of Bull
Run
Joe Nelson &
Vince Bobbitt
Facts
• People came to watch battle in a holiday mood, happy and
cheery, they thought the Union was going to pull off a quick
win
• Union had 35,000 barely trained soldiers led by Brigade Gen.
Irvin McDowell
• Confederate had 22,000 troops
• For 2 days, Union troops tried to avoid Confederate troops
and cross the creek Bull Run, and Confederates got
reinforcements at the time
• July 21, 1861- battle began
• “There is Jackson standing like a stone wall!” cried one
southern officer, and General Thomas “Stonewall”
Jackson earned his famous nickname.
Facts Continued
• The Confederates let out their “rebel yell”
• It was really terrifying and many Union soldiers fled
• Union soldiers tried to retreat orderly, but road was clogged with
spectators
• The First Battle of Bull Run was the first major battle of the Civil
War, and the Confederates’ victory.
• The battle is also known as the First Battle of Manassas
• Shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly
The Result
• The loss at Bull Run persuaded Lincoln to get a
better army, so he put hopes in General George
B. McClellan
• McClellan assembled an army of 100,000 men
and trained them
• The army was called the Army of the Potomac
The Seven Days’ Battles
Joe Martens
Peninsular Campaign
• Peninsular Campaign – General George B. McClellan’s plan to
capture Richmond, the Confederate capitol
• Moved slowly in the peninsula between the James & York
Rivers
• South feared reinforcements – sent Stonewall Jackson to
attack Washington
• Attack stopped, but prevented Union reinforcements
Seven Days’ Battles
• Robert E. Lee became commander of the Confederate Army
in Virginia in 1862
• Attacked the Union Army near Richmond – Seven Days’
Battles
• Forced Union Army to retreat
• Lee saved Richmond
• Not all attacks won by Confederates: General D. H. Hill
said of one failed attack, “It was not war—it was
murder”
The Second Battle of
Bull Run
Joe Nelson
Second Battle Of Bull Run
• After the Seven Days’ Battles, Lincoln told General John
Pope to march on Richmond
• Pope told his soldiers, “Let us look before us and not behind.
Success and glory are in the advance.”
• Stonewall Jackson wanted to stop Pope from reaching the
Army of the Potomac
• They met up and fought the Second Battle of Bull Run
The Second Battle Of Bull Run
Continued
• First Day-Captain George Fairfield recalled, “What a
slaughter! No one appeared to know the object of the fight,
and there we stood for one hour, the men falling all around.”
• Second day-Pope tried to crush Confederates, but failed,
heavy casualties occurred on both sides
• Third Day- Union got crushed very hard
Result
• Confederates won a great victory
• Robert E. Lee decided to take the war to the North
• Tried to get victory on Northern soil
• BAM!
• Antietam happened!
Battle of Antietam
Joe Martens
Robert E. Lee
• Born in 1807 in Virginia
• Fought in Mexican-American War
• After start of Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln asked
him if he would like to lead the Union Army
• Lee declined and, after resigning from the Union Army,
became general for Confederate Army
Battle Plan
• Confederate General Robert E. Lee wanted victory in North
• On September 4, 1862, 40,000 Confederate troops came into
Maryland, a Union state
• Lee divided army: about 20,000 troops went to Harpers
Ferry, Virginia under Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson,
defeated the Union force and captured the town
• Lee and his half of the army went to Fredrick, Maryland
and Lee issued a Proclamation to the People of Maryland; to
try to get the townspeople to join the Confederates
• However, the people stayed with the Union
• Union troops found a copy of Lee’s plan, left at an abandoned
camp
Meeting Up
• General George B. McClellan’s Union forces met Lee’s
Confederate troops along Antietam Creek in Maryland on
September 17, 1862
• Battle lasted for a day
• Union lost 12,000 soldiers
• Confederacy lost 13,000 men
• The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day
battle in United States history
• Also known as the Battle of Sharpsburg
• More soldiers killed or wounded than combined deaths
of Americans in the American Revolution, the War of
1812, and the Mexican-American War
• Important Union victory - stopped Lee’s northern
advance
Breaking the Union’s
Blockade
Eric Badillo
Breaking the Union’s Blockade
• Fought for control of the land
• The Union navy controlled the sea
• North had most of the U.S. Navy’s small fleet
• Naval officers remained loyal to Union
• Had enough industry to build more ships
• Navy quickly mobilized to set up a blockade of southern ports
• Prevented South from selling or receiving goods
• Hard to maintain - Union navy patrolled thousands of miles of
coastline from Virginia to Texas
• South used small, fast ships to out-run the larger Union warships
• Naval fleet traveled to the Bahamas or Nassau
• Reduced number of ships entering southern ports (6,000 to 800 per year)
Clash of the Ironclads
• Confederacy turned to ironclads
• ships made with iron
• Confederates captured Union steamship
• The Merrimack (Union steamship) turned into an ironclad and renamed
the Virginia
• sank two Union wooden warships
• The Union navy built its own ironclad called the Monitor
• Built by John Ericsson with unusual and new features
• Powerful weapons and thick plating
• The Virginia and the Monitor fought and the Monitor forced the
Virginia to retreat
• Victory saved Union fleet - continued the blockade
• The ironclads made a revolution of iron naval warfare
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