Transcript Chapter 11 – Civil War Section 1 – The

Chapter 11 – Civil War
Section 1 – The Opposing Sides
Advantages/Disadvantages
North
Strong Naval tradition
Economic advantages
Larger population
Industry
More railroad
Financial advantage
South
Strong military tradition
Many experienced officers
Fewer people working to
support war effort
Only one factory to build cannon
Capable of producing its own
food
Hard to distribute goods
Poor financial situation
Politics and Government
North:
• War Democrats vs. Copperheads (opposed war, supported
negotiation)
• Conscription (draft) –
opposed by democrats
South:
• Weak, new
government
• High taxes
“Modern War”
new weaponry: bayonets, cone shaped bullets
Southern strategy: defensive war of
attrition
• attrition: wearing down of one side
by exhaustion (physically) or of
resources
Northern strategy: Anaconda Plan –
blockade ports, gunboats down
Mississippi, to slowly strangle the
South and convince them to surrender
Assignment:
Define:
Legal Tender Act, War Democrats, Copperheads, conscription,
attrition
Answer:
p. 356 #5 and #6
Section 2 – The Early Stages
First Battle of Bull Run
• Confederate forces
gathered near Manassas
attacked by Union troops
• Confederates retreat to
a position held by
“Stonewall” Jackson
• Union soldiers retreat
• battle is a victory for the
Confederacy
Naval War
• Union navy blockades Southern ports
• Confederates employ blockade runners – small fast boats to smuggle
goods past Union ships
• New Orleans is captured by boats under command of Daniel Farragut
in April 1862
War in the West
Under command of US Grant, Union troops attempted to seize control
of two rivers in TN – the Cumberland and the Tennessee.
• Battle of Shiloh – one of the single
deadliest of the war: 20,000 men
killed in one day
War in the East
Turning point: The Battle of Antietam –
Union General George McClellan chased
Confederate General Robt. E. Lee into
Maryland
• at Antietam, so many casualties
caused Lee to retreat into Virginia
• this victory caused Lincoln to decide
to end slavery in the South
The Emancipation Proclamation
• declared all enslaved persons in rebelling states FREE after January
1, 1863
• changed the war from one over retaining the union to one to end
slavery
http://youtu.be/y82uZ7oX2tE
Antietam and the Emancipation Proclamation 6:39
Questions:
*Why was Antietam so significant?
*Why was the victory so critical for Lincoln?
*Where did Lincoln write the Emancipation Proclamation?
*What does Lincoln ask of his Cabinet regarding the Proclamation?
*What is significant about the text of the Proclamation? What does
it proclaim?
Section 3 – Life During the War
North
Growing industry due to war
Women filled labor shortages in
factories
African Americans/emancipated
slaves joined the army
South
food shortages
Low morale
Supply shortages for troops
Troops sometimes had little food:
hardtack
**There’s a huge contrast in North and south economies.
Why?
Military Life
• food rations sparse (both sides – South
especially)
• battlefield medicine – rampant infections,
gangrene - amputations
• women
• served as nurses; US Sanitary
Commission
• Clara Barton – founded the Red Cross
Clara Barton
Section 4 – The Turning Point
Vicksburg (Mississippi) finally falls
• under siege for 40 days by
troops commanded by US
Grant
The Gettysburg Address
(Nov 1863)
• Lincoln dedicates part of the
battlefield at Gettysburg as a
cemetery
Gettysburg Address – Video 13:45
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQnDAh66H98
Section 5 – The War Ends
Grant vs. Lee
• Union victories in the South
• William Tecumseh Sherman marches through Georgia, burning
a wide swath all the way to Atlanta and through it to the sea
“March to the sea”
How would this
demoralize the
South?
Election of 1864 – Lincoln is reelected and determined to end slavery
13th Amendment – passes narrowly; replaces Emancipation
Proclamation
*Why did the 13th Amendment need to be passed before the
end of the war?
The South surrenders
• Confederate General
Robert E. Lee surrenders
to General US Grant at
Appomattox Courthouse
April 9, 1865
Lincoln is assassinated
• April 14, 1865 – at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth
After the war, after the assassination – no one knew exactly how to
handle putting the United States back together – so we enter a
tumultuous time called – Reconstruction
Review Questions
1. How was American society transformed by the Civil War?
2. What was the Union’s Anaconda plan?
3. Why was passing the 13th Amendment before the end of the War
critical?
4. How was winning Vicksburg an important strategy for the Union?
5. What do you think the biggest challenge will be for the United States in
Reconstruction?
Chapter 12 – Reconstruction
reconstruction: rebuilding after the war
Lincoln’s Plan – moderate/reconcile with the South, not punish
amnesty – pardon to all Southerners who swore an oath of
loyalty to the Union and slavery decisions made by Congress
Lincoln is assassinated before he can
fully put his plan into action
(April 14, 1865)
(carpetbaggers – moved into the
south to help or exploit)
Andrew Johnson (VP) takes office after
Lincoln’s assassination
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan – differed from
Lincoln’s
Johnson’s Plan: Southern Confederation officers did not qualify for
amnesty and had request official federal pardons individually
To be restored, States had to:
• revoke its ordinance of secession
• ratify the 13th Amendment
No other conditions applied.
Why might this anger Congressmen (and Republicans)?
after Southern states are readmitted they do a couple shady things –
- pass black codes which limit free African American rights
- elect former Confederate officers/political leaders to Congress
This UPSETS the Republicans in Congress (so much that they propose
and push through their OWN Reconstruction Plan!)
Radical Republican Reconstruction:
• opposed Johnson’s plan as too lenient
• divide the South into 5 military districts
which Fed. Union troops supervise
• (especially voter registration!)
• states must create new constitutions
which Congress must approve
• states must ratify 14th Amendment
(along with Johnson’s requirements)
Johnson attempts to stop Radical Republicans, but instead is
impeached!
Republicans push through 15th Amendment
Enormous amount of tension
North v. South
-(KKK, continuation of black codes,
etc.)
Development of the New South
-develop strong industry
- cotton mills
- tobacco processing
-avoid giant prewar plantations
African Americans became sharecroppers and tenant farmers
sharecroppers – didn’t pay rent of farmland in cash, but in a
portion of raised crops
tenant farmers – cash rented farmland
Ultimately, Reconstruction is mostly a failure
• individual parts succeeded
(Amendments)
• was not organized
• trapped African Americans in
poverty circumstances
• freedom was not exactly ‘free’