Transcript CHAPTER 22

The Coming of the Civil War 1848-1861
 Two
Nations?
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 A.
Union – the unified nation
 B.
Historians and the Civil War
 1. Some historians who think Northerners and
Southerners were fairly similar, believe war could have
been avoided by better leadership
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 A.
Case Against Slavery
 1. Northern – believed that slavery violated the basic
principles of the United States government
and the Christian religion
 2. Prejudice – an unreasonable, unfavorable opinion of
another group that is not based on fact
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 B.
Harriet Beecher Stowe
 1. Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852
 2. book that attacked slavery
 3. Impact of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
 a. Convinced Northerners that slavery would be the ruin of the
United States
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 C.
Southern Views of Slavery
 1. Plantation households were like large and happy
families
 2. Cannibals All! – was a book that attacked Northern
capitalists
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 A.
By 1860, the largest cities in the United
States were located in the North
 B.
Compared with the North, the South was
more rural and agricultural
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 C.
Obsolete – outdated
 D.
The biggest technological change in this
period was the appearance of the railroad
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 E.
The key difference between the North
and the South was slavery
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 New
Political Parties
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 A.
Effects of the Missouri Compromise
 1. Newly acquired land forced the political question of
whether or not slavery would be allowed in the
territories
 2. The Missouri Compromise did not settle the issue of
whether slavery would be legal in territories
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 B. Compromise
of 1850
 1. 1849 Gold Rush people rushed into California
 2. John C. Calhoun (South Carolina)
Henry Clay (Kentucky)
Daniel Webster (Massachusetts)
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 B. Compromise
of 1850
 3. Compromise of 1850
 a. Clay’s plan for compromise
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
California a Free State
New Mexico and Utah territories decided for themselves
Abolish the sale of enslaved person in Washington, D.C.
Slavery remained legal in Washington, D.C.
Fugitive Slave Act – law favoring slave owners; it ordered
the return of escaped slaves to their
owners
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 B. Compromise
of 1850
 3. Compromise of 1850
 b. Calhoun Opposes Compromise
 1. John C. Calhoun viewed the North as a tyrannical power
 2. States Rights – theory calling for a weaker federal
government
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 B. Compromise
of 1850
 3. Compromise of 1850
 c. Webster Favors Compromise
 d. Congress Approves the Compromise of 1850
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 A.
Decline of the Whigs
• 1. Whigs did not address the issue of slavery
 B.
Rise of the Know-Nothings
• 1. Nativism – movement attacking the rights of
immigrants
• 2. “I know nothing”
Order of the Star-Spangled Banner
American Party
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 A.
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• 1. Popular Sovereignty – practice of letting people
decide issues
• 2. Affect of Slavery in the new territories –
it granted citizens of the territories the right to
decide if slavery should be allowed
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 B.
Creation of the Republican Party
• 1. Main supporters were anti-slavery Northerners
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 The
System Fails
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 A.
The Kansas-Nebraska bill gave Kansas
voters the right to choose or reject
slavery.
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 B.
Violence Begins
• 1. Free-Soilers – person dedicated to preventing the
expansion of slavery into the western territories
• 2. “Bleeding Kansas” – earned its name from clashes
over slavery – caused by looting in Lawrence, KS and
John Brown’s brutal reaction
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 B.
Violence Begins
• 3. “Bleeding Sumner”
 a. Senator Charles Sumner (Republican Massachusetts)
gave speech “The Crime Against Kansas”
 b. Sumner’s speech made insults against Senator Andrew
Butler (South Carolina)
 c. Butler’s nephew, Preston Brooks, used a cane to beat
Charles Sumner
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 A.
The Election of 1856
• 1. Democrats – James Buchanan *** won
• 2. Republicans – John C. Fremont
• 3. Know-Nothings/American Party – Millard Fillmore
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 B.
The Dred Scott Decision
• 1. Scott v. Sandford – 1857 Supreme Court decision
that declared slaves not to be
citizens and ruled the Missouri
Compromise as
unconstitutional
• 2. The decision in the case protected the rights of
slave owners
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 A.
The Lecompton Constitution
• 1. The goal was to establish slavery in Kansas
• 2. The Free-Soiler majority prohibited it
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 B.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 1. Senator Stephen Douglas (Democrat Illinois)
Democratic leader “the Little Giant”
• 2. Abraham Lincoln – tall and plain
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 B.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 3. Douglas – believed that the majority of people of
a state or territory could do anything
they wished, including making slavery
legal
• 4. Lincoln – did not believe that a majority should
have the power to deny the minority of
their rights to life, liberty, and the
pursuit of happiness
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 B.
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 5. In the 1858 Illinois Senate race,
Douglas defeated Lincoln
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 C.
John Brown’s Raid
• 1. arsenal – a place where weapons are made or
stored
• 2. By attacking the federal arsenal at Harper’s Ferry,
John Brown hoped to start a slave uprising
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A
Nation Divided Against Itself
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 A.
Election of 1860
• 1. Democratic Party split into Northern and Southern
divisions
 a. Southern Democrats argued that the party should
support protection of slavery in the territories
– John C. Breckinridge
 b. Northern Democrats stood by the doctrine of popular
sovereignty
– Stephen Douglas
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 A.
Election of 1860
• 2. Moderate Southerners – Whig / American Party
formed their own party
– Constitutional Union Party
 a. Border states – Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and
Missouri
 b. Constitutional Union Party
– John Bell
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 A.
Election of 1860
• 3. Republicans – looked for a moderate view on
slavery while standing firmly
against its spread
– Abraham Lincoln
 a. Lincoln chosen over William Henry Seward because
Seward seemed too extreme
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 A.
Election of 1860
• 4. Republican Lincoln won the election without a
single electoral vote in the South
 a. Lower South – Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama,
Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina
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 A.
Secessionists – those who wanted the
South to secede
 B.
Southern states began to secede
following the election of 1860 because
Lincoln won the presidency without any
southern electoral votes
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 C.
Secessionists believed that they had a
right to leave the Union, because they
had joined it voluntarily
 D.
South Carolina left the Union on
December 20, 1860
(plus six more TX, LA, MS, AL, FL, GA)
 E.
Confederate States of America – nation formed
by secessionist southern states
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 A.
Fort Sumter – a federal fort in the harbor of
Charleston, SC – site of the first
clash of the Civil War
 B.
Upper South – Virginia, North Carolina,
Tennessee, and Arkansas
 C.
States from the Upper South seceded when
Lincoln called for volunteers
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