Transcript THE AMERICAN CIVIL WAR

1861-1865
Part I. A nation divided
Does Manifest Destiny split us
up as a nation or bring us back
together??
Are we learning, understanding,
and changing history? Prove!
Lets set the stage
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What was the main topic of debate in the
1800s?
Has the United States completely formed
yet?
What problem erupted when new
territories were added to the US?
Missouri compromise of 1820
 Missouri
Compromise
(Speaker of the House)
 Missouri
 Maine
1820:
Henry
- slave state
- free state
 Entry
of states into the Union have to be
balanced - one free/one slave
 No
slavery allowed in remaining Louisiana
Territory above 36’30’’
Clay

Missouri Compromise 1820: Henry Clay (Whig Party)
 Missouri - slave state
 Maine - free state
 Entry of states into the Union have to be balanced - one
free/one slave
 No slavery allowed in remaining Louisiana Territory
above 36’30’’
Answer map questions!
•Gag rule was passed in
Congress by pro-slavery
Senator John C Calhoun in
1836.
•It said: nothing concerning
slavery could be discussed.
•Anti-slavery petitions could
not be read to Congress
•**Dec 4th, 1844 Henry
Clay was able to get the
Gag Rule repealed
Why do we keep expanding US
territory?
 1830s
and 1840s, many Americans
favored expanding US territory.

Believed in the idea of manifest destiny,
“obvious or undeniable fate;” It was their
divine mission to spread liberty across
the continent
 Coined by John L. O’Sullivan

How are the following examples of Manifest
Destiny?

The American Revolutionary War

The Louisiana Purchase
War against Mexico
http://www.pbs.org/kera/usmex
icanwar/index_flash.html
The Annexation of Texas
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1836 Texas won their independence from
Mexico
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Wanted to be annexed, or joined, to the United
States.
South(democrats): approved b/c since Texas is
in the South hoped it would be a slave state
Northerners(Whigs) disapproved b/c it would
shift the balance of power to the South.
Both sides also worried that annexation would lead to war
with Mexico.
Texas is annexed

In 1845 it became the twenty-eighth
state in the Union later that year.
Mexico broke off diplomatic relations
with US
 The US-Mexico War began

The Border Dispute
Dispute of southern border
of Texas
- President Polk wanted
more then just Texas terr.,
he wanted Mexican land
that stretched to the Pacific
- US claimed that the Rio
Grande was the official
Amer-Mex border
- Mexico claimed that the
Nueces River(located a
few miles farther north)
was the border
Video
Polk’s attempt to avoid war
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Sends an ambassador
to Mexico city in nov
1845 with an offer to
buy New Mexico and
Cali for 30mill.
Mexican gov refused
How does Polk manage to avoid US declaring
war?

Polk sent 3000men under gen Zachary
Taylor into disputed area of southern
Texas
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Provokes Mexico: Taylor crosses the
Nueces in March 1846 and sets up
camp near the Rio Grande.

Mexico considered this an invasion of
Mexico territory and attacked…killing
many American troops

This is the excuse Polk had waited for,
“ American blood on American soil”

War was declared on May 13th 1846
Before news of the war had reached
California, settlers there declared an
independent Republic of California. The
uprising became known as the Bear Flag
Revolt after the bear pictured on the new
republic’s flag.
US won

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January 1847: US took control of New
Mexico and California.
Fighting ended September 14, 1847,
when US captured Mexico City, the
capital of Mexico.
U.S. wins and gets more land!
The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo 1848
 Rio Grande became the southern
The Gadsden
border
Purchase
 Mexico gave up its claims to Texas,
California, and New Mexico in return  Five years later, Mexico
sold present-day
for $15 million.
southern New Mexico
and Arizona to the U.S.
for 10million
TUTORIALS
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XuCucEZEJ4&index=1&list=WL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFfxKMcJ
BHI&index=2&list=WL
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5hBc9WU
bb-k&list=WL&index=3
Answer the following Question

What issues are going to arise due to the
expansion of the United States westward?
Issues

The treaty of G-H and the Gadsen
Purchase established the borders of
present US

Now have to confront issue of slavery
directly once acquiring these new
territories/states.

Increase of western migration due to new
territory
https://www.polleverywhere.co
m/multiple_choice_polls/QFgUM
sUOHKqx3Sn
Part II: Leading up to the Civil War
Should a newly acquired state be free
or slave?
The Kansas-Nebraska Act
Illinois Democrat Senator Stephen Douglas had two
goals:
1) To make Chicago benefit from trade with the West
He would do this by…Making Kansas and Nebraska
states to build a railroad that linking Chicago with the
West
2) To run for President.
He would do this by…
Getting as many votes as
*
he can from northerners
and southerners!

Based on the map below who would have
a problem with the Kansas and Nebraska
Statehood???? WHY?????
The Decision: The Kansas-Nebraska Act
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To appease North and South Douglas
creates the Kansas-Nebraska Act that
supports….
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popular sovereignty: Letting the people of
each state determine if it should be a free or
slave state
This meant going against the Missouri
Compromise.
The act was passed in 1854
Reasoning and Reaction to
Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Douglas believed…
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South happy bc it gave them a chance to make
northern states slave states
North happy bc they would be free states due to
south’s cotton would not survive harsh weather
conditions
REAL REACTIONS
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South Happy
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Would have slave owners from neighboring states
cross border of Kansas to vote for it to be a slave
state
North angry
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bc they should be free states based on Missouri
Comp
See how free and slave states
were added from 1820-1854
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http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/n
eh/interactives/sectionalism/lesson3/
Response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act
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Thousands of people flooded into Kansas.
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Northerners went to stop slavery = free soilers,
Southerners went in support of it = border-ruffians
Each created their own government leading to
Violence
1856 Pro-slavery supporters attacked the antislavery
town Lawrence, Kansas
In retribution, an abolitionist named John Brown led
some men in a series of vicious murders near a river
called Pottawatomie Creek.

May 24, 1856 John Brown led several New Englanders to a
proslavery settlement near Pottawatomie Creek where they
woke 5 men from their beds, dragged them out of their homes
and killed them in front of their families

Became known as the Pottawatomie Massacre which
ignited a full-blown war in Kansas
The violence continued to escalate until about 200 people
were dead.
 This whole affair is known as Bleeding Kansas

T Chart
Reasons Douglas
is for pop sov.
Reasons Chase
is against pop sov.
Reasons Douglas
Reasons Chase
is for pop sov.
is against pop sov.
- If left up to the
- Compromising over
gov’t it will divide
slavery is saying it is ok
- No longer makes it a
- There is no real democracy
N vs S issue
if we allow slavery
- The Constitution gives -Missouri Comp is unbreakable
us this freedom
1-3 pts: Do you think we
could have avoided a Civil
War? Why or why not?
PART III: The rift in the
government widens
BLOOD SPILLED IN THE
GOVERNMENT
Blood spread to Congress

Abolitionist Senator Charles Sumner of
Mass gave speech, “A crime against
Kansas”
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Called author of K-N act, Andrew Butler
horrible names and insulted him
Preston Brooks, Senator of NC was Butler’s
uncle
Followed Sumner to office
Caned him
Barely any punishment
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*
Republican Party emerges
strong
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Whigs and Free-Soilers formed the
Republican Party in 1854

Both opposed slavery, the KansasNebraska Act and the Fugitive Slave Act
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Fought to repeal Acts
The Election of 1856
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All three major parties were eager to choose candidates
with no ties to “Bleeding Kansas.”
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Democrat: supported both the compromise of 1850 and the KanNeb Act
Republicans: Believed Federal gov’t had the right to restrict slavery
in terr.
Know-Nothings: Against immigration
Democratic nominee James Buchanan won the election,
promising to stop “the agitation of the slavery issue.”
President Buchanan hoped that the Supreme Court would
resolve the slavery issue.
The Dred Scott Decision
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The Supreme Court’s March 1857 Dred
Scott v. Sanford decision angered antislavery forces.
Lawsuit: He was a Missouri slave who was sold
to John Emerson in 1833. He was taken to
Illinois, a free state, and Wisconsin, a free
territory before returning back to Missouri.
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Dred Scott
1843, Scott filed for his freedom, claiming that his
residence was in Illinois, on free soil John Sanford, Emerson’s
brother who took ownership
after Emerson died
The Dred Scott vs. Sanford Decision
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Chief Justice Roger B. Taney ruled the
following:
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slaves were the property and the Constitution
protects the right to own property.
Slaves and freedmen of african ancestry were
not citizens so had no right to sue, and could
not be considered free even in a free state or
territory.
What does this mean for the
Missouri Compromise?
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By saying slaves could not be considered
free anywhere is also saying the Missouri
Compromise was unconstitutional…
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it deprived those who owned slaves of “life,
liberty and property” under the 5th
Amendment.
What does this mean for Kansas and
Nebraska?
Kansas and Nebraska would
now be….
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Slave states
KANSAS AND NEBRASKA
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What was the ruling in the Dred
Scott Case?
Which act did the Dred Scott Case
repeal and how did this occur?
**** Read Primary Source on Dred Scott
by Taney****
1)Highlight and Write the main ideas of each
paragraph and any key words
2)After Reading, write down questions and
answer
a. How did the Constitution prevent
Dred Scott from being free?
b. Why does he say Congress was
powerless in this case?
The Lincoln-Douglas Debates

In the Illinois Senate campaign of 1858,
Democratic Senator Stephen Douglas ran for reelection against Republican Abraham Lincoln.

The campaign drew nationwide attention for the
Lincoln-Douglas debates, a series of seven
debates on the issue of slavery in the territories.
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
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Neither Lincoln nor Douglas believed in
racial equality.
Lincoln thought slavery was morally
wrong and wanted to confine it to the
states where it already existed.
Douglas, however, tolerated slavery,
believing that white Americans should
choose the kind of society that they
wanted.
“A house divided…”
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In a now-famous speech, Lincoln stated
that, “A house divided against itself cannot
stand,”
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The “house” was the Union.
The issue dividing the “house” was slavery.
Douglas won the election, but Lincoln
earned a reputation for eloquence and
moral commitment.
PART V: SECESSION
The Election of 1860
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The presidential election of 1860 further demonstrated
the division between the North and the South.
Voters in the North chose between:
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Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas: for popular
sovereignty
Republican Abraham Lincoln: against the spread of slavery
Southerners voted for
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Southern Democrat J.C. Breckinridge: for the gov’t
protecting slavery in territories
John Bell of the newly formed Constitutional Union Party
who was a moderate slaveholder.
The Election of 1860
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Votes in the Border States (Delaware,
Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri) were
mixed

Lower South (Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Alabama, Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina)
supported Breckinridge.
The Lower South Secedes
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Secessionists, or those who wanted the South
to secede,
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Why? Southerners were outraged that a President
had been elected without any southern electoral
votes.
Their Rationale: argued that since the states had
voluntarily joined the Union, they could also
voluntarily leave it.
On December 20, 1860, South Carolina officially
seceded. Six other states of the Lower South
followed.
Confederate States of America

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In early February 1861, these states met
and proclaimed themselves a new nation,
the Confederate States of America, or
Confederacy.
Jefferson Davis, a former senator from
Mississippi, became president of the
Confederacy.
Views on Secession
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Some Americans felt that the South
should be allowed to secede peacefully.
Others objected, citing the loss of
business with the South as well as a
desire to keep the Union together.
President Lincoln believed that secession
was wrong, but told the South that he
would not attack them unless they struck
first.
North Advantages
South Advantages
Almost 2/3 of the nation’s
population
- 22million
More enslaved people
More industrialized
-110,000 factories
Economy based on farming: more
cotton, rice, and cattle
More Railroad to reduce the time Leadership: 7 of 8 of the nation’s
and cost of goods
military colleges were in the
-70% of railrd track by 1860
South…West Point
Inventions like the Telegraph
-patented by Samuel FB Morse in
1844
- Ran along railrd
Military tactics: South only had to
repel Northern advances rather than
initiate military action.
Functioning gov’t, army, and
navy(blockades)
Morale: Many Southerners were eager
to fight to preserve their way of life and
their right to self- government.
More Money
North Disadvantages
South Disadvantages
Would have to fight an
offensive war
- long supply lines
- unfamiliar territory
Smaller pop. of 9 million
- incl. 3.5 million slaves
Not many capable military
leaders besides Ulysses S.
Grant
Had to import industrialized
goods;
- very little weapons production
The evolution of Abe’s Beard
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http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2010/
11/24/opinion/20101125_LincolnBeard8.html