Transcript AHON Chapter 16 Section 1 Lecture Notes

Ch:16 Reconstruction and
the New South
16:1
Rebuilding the Nation
Standards:
•8.83 Analyze the choice of Andrew Johnson as VicePresident, his succession to the Presidency, his plan
for Reconstruction and his conflict with the Radical
Republicans.
•8.84 Compare the 10 Percent Plan to the Radical
Republican Plan for Reconstruction.
•8.85 Explain the effects of the Freedmen’s Bureau
and the restrictions placed on the rights and
opportunities of freedmen, including racial
segregation and Jim Crow laws.
Objectives:
•Describe the postwar challenges that faced the
nation.
•Compare and contrast President Lincoln’s plan for
Reconstruction with the plan proposed by Congress.
•Identify the goals of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
•Describe the immediate impact of Lincoln’s
assassination.
Terms and People
•Abraham Lincoln – president who wanted
to bind up the wounds of the Civil War as
quickly as possible
•amnesty – a group pardon
•freedman – a man or woman who was legally freed
from slavery after the Civil War
•John Wilkes Booth – a Confederate
sympathizer who shot President Lincoln
How did the government try to solve key
problems facing the nation after the Civil War?
After the Civil War, enormous problems faced the
nation, especially the South.
The government developed a plan for states to
return to the Union and created an organization to
help people freed from slavery.
After the Civil War, vast stretches of the South lay in
ruins.
Americans had to
bring the North
and South together
again.
This process was
known as
Reconstruction.
Americans were forced to consider difficult questions
during Reconstruction.
What plans would
be made for
people who had
been freed from
slavery?
Who would help
the homeless
refugees who
needed food,
shelter, and work?
Formative Assessment:
•List 2 postwar challenges that faced the nation.
President Abraham Lincoln and Congress proposed
different plans for Reconstruction.
President
Lincoln’s
plan
1. Offered amnesty, or official
Ten
pardon, to Southerners
Percent
2. When 10% of a state’s voters
Plan
swore an oath of loyalty and
agreed that slavery was illegal
they could organize a new
state government.
3. Lincoln wanted to restore
order quickly.
4. Tennessee quickly complied
President Abraham Lincoln and Congress proposed
different plans for Reconstruction.
Congress’s
plan
WadeDavis
Bill
1. Congress felt the President
shouldn’t be in control of the
process, they felt that only Congress
had the power to admit states.
2. When 50% of a state’s voters(men)
swore loyalty and banned slavery
they could organize a new state
government.
3. Only Southerners who never
supported or held offices in the
Confederacy could hold office.
4. Lincoln refused to sign bill into law.
Lincoln’s Ten Percent Plan made it easy for southern states
to rejoin the Union.
If…
Then…
That state could form a
10% of a state’s voters
swore loyalty to the U.S. new state government.
Former Confederates
would receive amnesty.
That government
declared an end to
slavery.
The state could take part
in national government
again.
The Wade-Davis Bill was much stricter.
If…
50% of a state’s
voters swore loyalty
to the U.S.
People in that state
had voluntarily
fought for the
Confederacy.
Then…
That state could
rejoin the Union.
They would not
have voting rights.
Lincoln refused to sign the bill, so it was
never passed.
Republican leaders had different ideas about how to
keep their party strong in the new South.
Lincoln believed that
a “soft” policy would
help him win support
from influential
southerners.
Others argued that a
strict plan would
keep the South from
regaining power and
weaken their control.
Formative Assessment:
•Explain what President Lincoln’s plan for
Reconstruction with the plan proposed by Congress
had in common.
•Explain what made the 2 plans different.
Freedom Brought Changes
• Newly freed slaves faced many changes.
– Married couples could legalize their marriages.
– Families searched for members who had been sold away.
– Many moved from mostly white counties to places with more
African Americans.
• Freed people demanded same economic and political rights as
white citizens.
– Many former slaves wanted their own land to farm.
– Many white planters refused to surrender their land.
– The U.S. government returned land to its original owners.
– William T. Sherman wanted to divide the land into 40 acres
plots and give them ( and a mule) to former slaves as
compensation for slavery.
In 1865, Congress established the Freedmen’s
Bureau.
The Bureau’s first duty was to provide emergency
relief to people displaced by the war.
This included freed slaves
and certain poor people in
the South.
The Freedmen’s Bureau set up schools in the South.
Many southern states lacked public education before
the war.
Now, 3,000 public schools
and several universities
(Howard & Fisk) began to
educate both blacks and
whites.
It was hoped that better
education would lead to
better jobs.
The Freedmen’s Bureau defended the freedom of
former slaves in several ways.
It helped
freedmen
find jobs.
It resolved
disputes
between white
Americans and
freedmen.
It set up its
own courts
to deal with
some
disputes.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRf2sYOF8oQ
Formative Assessment:
•List the primary goals of the Freedmen’s Bureau.
President Lincoln did not live to put his plans
into practice.
Lincoln was shot by
John Wilkes Booth, a
Confederate
sympathizer, while
attending a play.
Booth was captured and killed, but Americans
remained stunned by Lincoln’s death.
http://www.history.com/topics/us-presidents/abrahamlincoln/videos/the-other-side-of-lincoln-lincolns-assassination
Lincoln’s successor was Vice President Andrew
Johnson, a southern Democrat who had remained
loyal to the Union.
Johnson had shown bitterness toward the
Confederates.
Many Americans expected him to take a strict
approach to Reconstruction.
Formative Assessment:
•What was the response of people in the North to
Lincoln’s assassination? The South?