Transcript Civil War Beginning

The Civil War
1861 – 1865
The Civil War
North
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Yankees, Federals,
The Union
Billy Yanks
Blue uniforms
South
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Rebels, Dixie, The
Confederacy
Johnny Rebs
Gray uniforms
Confederate Battle Flag
North Vs. South
North = 24 states South = 11 states
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North
California
Connecticut
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Maine
Massachusetts
Michigan
Minnesota
Nevada (became free state in 1864)
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
Vermont
West Virginia
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South
Alabama
Arkansas
Florida
Georgia
Louisiana
Mississippi
North Carolina
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas
Virginia
Border States
Slave states that didn’t secede
Delaware
Kentucky
Maryland
Missouri
West Virginia ***
North Vs. South
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North
Population- 22 million
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About 2,000,000 join the 
Union Army/Navy
Economy based on manufacturing
(Factories) 
100,000 factories with about 
1,ooo,ooo workers
20,000 miles of railroad 
$189,000,000 in bank deposits 
$56,000,000 in gold 
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South
Population- 9 million (5.5
million whites/3.5 million
slaves)
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About 850,000 join
Confederate Army/Navy
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Economy based on farming
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20,000 factories with about
200,000 workers
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9,000 miles of railroad
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$47,000,000 in bank deposits
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$37,000,000 in gold
• Federal income tax started!
• taxed crops to fund war
North’s Strategy: divide and conquer
(Keep the United States together)
South’s Strategy: survive until
North quits (outlast)
Rating the North & the South
Railroad Lines, 1860
Resources: North & the South
Men Present for Duty
in the Civil War
Anaconda Plan
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The Anaconda Plan was proposed in 1861 by Union
General Winfield Scott.
He suggested that the Union should blockade Confederate
ports and send gunships down the Mississippi river to
divide the South in two.
The South would run out of resources and surrender. This
would take time, but have the minimal loss of life.
"Anaconda" is taken from the way an anaconda constricts
its prey.
Strategies for Victory
Union plans:
· Anaconda Plan: blockade Southern ports
· Seize control of the Mississippi River
· Capture the Confederate CSA capital of Richmond, VA
Confederate plans:
· To stay at home and fight a defensive war.
· The South believed that the North would quickly tire of fighting and
give up.
· The South counted on European money and supplies.
Confederate Advantages
• fought a defensive war at home
• defending their homeland
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Better Generals!!!
Union Disadvantages
• The South was a huge
area to conquer.
• The North invaded
unfamiliar territory.
The “Anaconda” Plan
Overview
of the North’s
Civil War
Strategy:
Anaconda
Plan
Civil War Deaths
in Comparison to Other Wars
• 1st Battle of Bull Run
(1st Manassas)
July, 1861
• US: Named Battles after water
• CS: Named Battles after the town
First Battle of Bull Run
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1st real battle of the war is south of Washington D.C.
Washington socialites(Rich) pack picnic lunch to watch the battle
Stonewall Jackson stands firm, Union defeated
Yankees RUN home, Rebels don’t take advantage and follow
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Confederates CRUSH the Union in the 1st Real Battle!
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Picnic of some of Washington's
elite at the First Battle of Bull Run
Burnside = Sideburns
Making Soldiers
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After the firing at Ft. Sumter, Lincoln calls for 75,000 militiamen
After Ft. Sumter, four more states join the Confederacy
Northerners/Yankees were usually “cityboys”
Southerners/Rebels knew the woods, how to shoot and ride
Most of the best generals left the Union Army to return to their
homeland in the South
Entire towns had their men volunteer together to go to war
They arrived in their own uniforms with a variety of weapons
Many thought war would be an adventure, wanted a “Red Badge
of Courage”
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Later, both sides use conscription (draft) to get soldiers
Men from ages 18-35 were drafted; some paid people to take
their place;Southern planters with many slaves didn’t have to
go
Boys volunteered- tricked officials (18 in shoe); some women
disguised themselves as men to fight
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African Americans (A.A.) were not able to fight at first, Lincoln didn’t want
problems with border states and others; “White man’s war”; about 200,000
African Americans eventually fight on both sides, some 37,000 died in
battle
Frederick Douglass said, “Men of color to arms! Liberty won only by white
men would lose half its luster.”
In 1863, Lincoln lets War Dep’t form Bureau of Colored Troops; commanded
by whites they fought bravely; 54th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry
Regiment was famous- “Glory” w/Denzell Washington
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The average Yank or Reb was a "white, native-born, farmer,
Protestant, single, between 18 and 29." He stood about 5 feet 8
inches tall and weighed about 143 pounds. Most soldiers were
between the ages of 18 and 39 with an average age just under 26.
Union Army was made up of 1/5 immigrants – they were happy to
fight for a country that had given them so much
They included 200,000 Germans; 150,000 Irish; 45,000 English;
15,000 Canadians, and lesser numbers of French, Norwegians,
Italians, Mexicans, and Poles
Exact figures for the South are sketchy, but tens of thousands of
Irish, Germans, British, French, Canadians, Dutch, and Austrians
entered Confederate ranks.
Indians fought on both sides of the battle (Ely Parker)
Army Organization
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Cavalry- mounted soldiers on horseback; the “eyes and ears”
Artillery- the firepower of the battle; often towed behind
horses
Infantry- soldiers on foot fighting in close combat with
guns, bayonets, and bare hands if necessary
Quartermasters- provide everything the unit needs to
fight- food, supplies, medical equipment, telegraph, etc.
About 25 wagons per 1,000 men
Engineers- build roads, bridges, and fortifications; make
maps
Civil War Infantry
Weapons and Equipment
Infantryman Overview
Cap/ “Kepi”
Bedroll
Cap Pouch
Haversack
Wool “Sack” Coat
Cartridge Pouch
Musket
Canteen
Bayonet
Wool Pants
Shoes/ “brogans”
Civil War Technology
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The Minie Ball
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The Musket Ball
Smooth Bore/Rifled
Muskets
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The invention of the “rifled” musket and “Minie”
ball revolutionized warfare and made many Civil
War tactics deadly and obsolete.
Prior to the Civil war, muskets were “smooth bore”
that shot a round “ball.” These muskets were only
accurate to about 100 yards or less.
A “rifled” barrel, shooting a conical “Minie” Ball
was deadly at three hundred yards, and up to ½
mile in the hands of an excellent shot.
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The “Minie” Ball
The “Minie” ball was invented in the 1840’s by
French army Captain Claude Etienne Minie.
When fired, the expanding gas pushed forcibly on
the base of the bullet, deforming it to engage the
rifling. This provided spin for accuracy, a better
seal for consistent velocity and longer range.
The American Civil War, which often had many
thousands of infantrymen armed with this type of
rifle, resulted in mass casualties on a scale which
was inconceivable to contemporary strategists.
The Standard .58 caliber lead
Minie ball used in the Civil War
Smooth Bore Muskets
Springfield “Smooth Bore” Musket
Buckshot
Musket ball
Powder
“Smooth Bore” musket balls
“Buck and Ball,” the most
deadly round fired by a
“smooth bore” musket
A picture of a “buck and ball” cartridge
“Rifled Muskets”
The “rifling” of a gun barrel.
The .58 caliber Springfield “rifled musket” was the most
Popular rifle used in the Union army. It was deadly
Accurate and extremely reliable.
Examples of Minie Ball
Wounds
OUCH
The “Minie” Ball Cont’d