Transcript 2011 United History End of Course Test Review

2011 United History End
of Course Test Review
EOCT PREP
Table of Content
Domain 1: Colonization through Constitution
Domain 2: New Republic through Reconstruction
Domain 3: Industrialization, Reform, and Imperialism
Domain 4: Establishment as a World Power
Domain 5: Modern Era
Domain 1:
Colonization to Constitution
Jamestown
• The first permanent English settlement in North America, started as
a business venture to sell raw materials back to England
• Tobacco- this cash crop saved Jamestown and made the colony
of Virginia wealthy. Tabaco cultivation was labor intensive and
made the Virginia agricultural economy dependent on slavery.
House of Burgesses
• The first legislative
assembly in North
America, it represents
the first form of
self-government in the
colonies.
Powhatan
• Native Americans who lived
for centuries in Virginia.
• English colonist forced them
from their land and used it for
Tobacco growing.
• These actions led many
Powhatan’s to flee Virginia
and established bad relations
between colonists and Native
Americans
Bacon’s Rebellion
• A revolt by the poor
English colonist and slaves
against the wealthy in
Jamestown.
• The rebels wanted better
protection and action
taken against the Native
Americans so poorer
colonists could have
Native American land.
Development of Slavery
• Begun in 1619 in the colony
of Virginia to replace
indentured servants
• African slaves are thought
to be better equipped to
handle the work and heat
of the plantation system
• Part of the Columbian
Exchange
New England Colonies
• Established by the Puritans to
escape religious persecution
in England
• Religion- Puritans did not
tolerate religions that did not
follow their teachings.
• In 1686 the entire region was
combined into one colony
because the King believed
they were not following
Parliament, becomes the
Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Rhode Island and the Salem Witch Trials
• Roger Williams- founder of
Rhode Island, he founds
colony under the ideas of
religious freedom and
peaceful relations with
Native Americans
• Salem Witch Trials- caused
by the oppression of
women, and hardline
Puritan views on the world,
over 25 people are killed or
jailed for witchcraft without
any proof.
King Phillip’s War
• Led by Metacom (King
Phillip), Native Americans
attack the Puritans over
the loss of their land
• Brutal war with massacres
on both sides
• This ended Native
American control of New
England
Half-Way Covenant
• This provided half-way
membership in the Puritan
church to the children of
church members
• Church leaders hoped this
would get more of the
children to join the Puritan
church
Town Hall Meetings
• Mainly in New England in
small towns
• White males 21 and over
who owned property
voted on political issues
for each town
• Helps form the idea of
political representation in
the colonies
Mid-Atlantic Colonies
• Originally not a part of the
English colonies
• Controlled by the Dutch
• Separated the English
Northern and Southern
colonies
New York
• Originally settled by the
Dutch and called New
Amsterdam
• England takes this colony
without a single shot and
renames it New York
• New York became the center
for trade in the America’s.
Pennsylvania
• Founded by William Penn a
Quaker
• This colony was tolerant of all
religions
• The colony of Delaware will
split from Pennsylvania
Quebec
• Founded by the French,
claims all of inner North
America west of the
colonies
• Leads to the founding of
New Orleans and the
territory of Louisiana
• French have better
relations with Native
Americans
Mercantilism
• Is the economic theory
that a mother country
needs large supplies of
silver and gold to be rich.
• Gold/Silver- acquired by
selling manufactured
goods.
• Colonies in mercantilism
provided raw materials for
manufacturing and
bought the finished
products.
The Columbian Exchange
• The large scale
exchange of plants,
people, diseases, and
animals between the Old
World and the New World
• Sometimes referred to as
the Triangle Trade.
Middle Passage/African Culture
• The 90-120 day voyage
African slaves endured
from Africa to the
America’s.
• Millions died from disease
and starvation during the
voyage
• African dance and music
maintained under
slavery, differing cultures
blend together in the
America’s
The Great Awakening
• Great Awakeningreligious movement of
the 1730’s and 1740’s. It is
different because of its
passion.
• Begun as an attack on
the Puritan Church,
challenges all religious
authority
French and Indian War
• War between France and
Great Britain over the control
of North America, Britain wins
• This war bankrupted Great
Britain, they need money to
pay for it, TAXES
• They believed the colonists
should pay for it since it was
over the colonies in North
America
Proclamation of 1763
• Law passed that banned
colonists from moving west
beyond the Appalachian
Mountains
• Passed to prevent further
wars with Native
Americans
• This angered colonists and
is one reason for the
American Revolution
Stamp Act
• A tax on all printed
materials passed by
Great Britain they need
this symbol to show they
paid the tax
• Passed to help pay for
the French-Indian War
Sons of Liberty
• This group of Patriots was
formed in 1765 and urged
colonial resistance to the
Stamp Act using any means
available… even violence.
• Committees of
Correspondence- formed to
resist the new taxes passed
by Great Britain
Boston Tea Party
• Colonists dumped tons
of tea into Boston
Harbor to protest the
Stamp Act
Intolerable Acts
• A series of laws passed to
punish the colonists for
the Boston Tea Party
• This led to increased
anger against Britain and
the First Continental
Congress
Thomas Paine
• Wrote Common Sense, an
argument that said it just
made common sense for the
colonists to revolt against King
George
John Locke
• He believed in natural
rights- “life, liberty, and
property”
• He influenced Thomas
Jefferson and the
Declaration of
Independence
Montesquieu
• He believed in the idea that government should have
three parts- Legislative, Executive, and Judicial
• His writings influenced the writing of the Constitution and
creation of the United States government
Declaration of Independence
• Written primarily by Thomas
Jefferson, he was influenced
by John Locke’s ideas
(natural rights) in 1776
• It declares the reasons why
the colonists will revolt and
invokes the ideas of Social
Contract.
Benjamin Franklin
• He represents the idea of
social mobility (you can start
poor and become rich or
important) in America
• He becomes the ambassador
to France during the
American Revolution and
convinces them to support
the colonists during the war
• American Statesman/signed
the Constitution/Founding
Father
The American Revolution
• This was the first successful
colonial independence
movement against a
European power, England
1775-1783.
• Great Britain vs. American
colonies
George Washington
• Commander of the
Continental Army
• His leadership skills held the
army together during the
war
• Started a training program
to turn the colonial militia
into the Continental Army
(professional).
Marquis de Lafayette
• French soldier and friend
of Washington
• He trained the soldiers at
Valley Forge turning them
into a well trained fighting
force
• He helped Washington
beat the British at
Yorktown
Valley Forge
• Washington led his troops
here for the Winter of
1777, becomes a symbol
of sacrifice for a cause
• The Continental Army
under Lafayette train and
emerge stronger and
better prepared to fight
the British
Crossing the Delaware
• Turning point of the American Revolution, Washington
leads his men on a surprise attack of the Hessian
soldiers
• Washington wins at Trenton and Princeton, boosted the
morale of the colonists fighting in the Revolution
Lord Cornwallis
• Leader of the British forces
during the American
Revolution
• He will surrender to
Washington after the
Battle of Yorktown
Battle of Yorktown
• Final battle of the
American Revolution,
French and American
forces trapped the British
with no where to run
• Treaty of Paris 1783- This
officially ended the
American Revolution and
gave the United States
territory all the way to the
Mississippi River.
Articles of Confederation
• First constitution of the United
States
• Weakness- didn’t have a
legislative or executive branch
of government, represented
the colonists fear of a strong
national government
• National Government could
not- tax, regulate commerce,
or print money
Northwest Ordinance
• This provided an organized
way for a territory to
become a state
• The one successful item
accomplished under the
Articles of Confederation
Shays’ Rebellion
• Uprising of farmers in
Massachusetts in 1786,
feared losing land due to
taxes
• Showed the weakness of the
federal government without
the ability to tax it couldn’t
fix the economy
• Led to the calling of the
Constitutional Convention
Constitutional Convention
• Held at Independence Hall
in Philadelphia,1787.
• Goal- create a plan for a
more powerful national
government and revise the
Articles of Confederation.
• Outcome wrote the
Constitution
Great Compromise
• This deal used parts of
Virginia Plan and New
Jersey Plan
• Created bicameral
Congress with one
house based on
population (House of
Representatives) and
one giving equal
representation to every
state (Senate).
Slavery and the Constitution
• Three-Fifths Compromiseagreement to count slaves
as 3/5 a white person for
representation in the
government
• Slavery was allowed o
continue under the
Constitution for 20 more
years
Checks and Balances
Federalist Papers
• Written by Alexander
Hamilton, James Madison,
and John Jay
• They argued that a strong
government was needed to
protect the Union
Anti-Federalist
• They opposed the
adoption of the
Constitution without a
Bill of Rights to protect
the freedoms of
Americans against the
federal government.
Bill of Rights
• The first ten amendments of
the Constitution
• These amendments
guarantee the rights of
individuals and protects
those rights from the
government
Washington’s Presidency
• Did not run for a third term setting
the two term precedence
• Developed the cabinet as advisors
to the President
• Washington’s Farewell address
warned Americans against:
1. Getting involved in foreign wars
sets our neutrality foreign policy
2. Political parties
3. Permanent Alliances sets our
isolationism foreign policy
4. Sectionalism
Whiskey Rebellion
• Government passes excise
tax on Whiskey
• Farmers in Pennsylvania
hurt by the tax, refuse to
pay
• Washington sends in the
militia to end the rebellion
• Shows the power of the
government under the
Constitution
Development of Political Parties
• Alexander Hamilton wants a
strong central government;
but Thomas Jefferson
believes the federal
government should be
limited
• Two parties develop under
those ideas:
1. Hamilton and the Federalists
2. Jefferson and the
Democrat-Republic Party
Domain 2:
New Republic through Reconstruction
Louisiana Purchase
• Bought under Thomas Jefferson from France for 15
million;
• Went against Jefferson’s belief in the power of the
federal government
Lewis and Clark Expedition
• Sent by Jefferson to explore the Louisiana
Purchase to discover what the U.S. bought
• They mapped the territory to the Pacific Ocean
including its peoples, cultures, and animals
War of 1812
• Causes1. Britain prevented U.S. trade
with France.
2. British ships captured American
ships and forced their sailors to
serve in the British navy
3. Britain was giving aid to Native
Americans to help them fight
Americans
4. The U.S. wanted to drive out
Britain from North America
completely
War of 1812
• Results1. Americans became more
nationalistic after the war
2. End of British/American
hostilities
3. Sectionalism develops as the
South and West fight but the
North refuses.
4. Andrew Jackson becomes a
national hero after the Battle of
New Orleans
Erie Canal
• It revolutionized trade by
allowing farmers in the MidWest a chance to ship
goods to major eastern
cities and manufactured
goods from the east to
new western territories
• It helped with the
economic and industrial
development in America
Monroe Doctrine
• The doctrine stated that
the U.S. would not interfere
with European affairs, but
that Europeans were not
allowed to interfere with
politics in the America’s.
• Any hostile acts by a
European country would
be considered a hostile
act by the United States
Eli Whitney
• Inventor of the
interchangeable parts, this
revolutionized the
manufacturing industry in the
North .
• The Cotton Gin made cotton
a profitable crop and
revived the system of slavery
in the South.
Westward Migration
1. Desire by Americans to own their own land
2. Discovery of gold and silver
3. Belief in Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny
• The belief that America
should stretch from coast
(Atlantic Ocean) to coast
(Pacific Ocean).
• “From sea to shining sea”
Jacksonian Democracy
• Political Culture- this
marked the beginning of
political campaigns(songs,
pamphlets, buttons,
slander) on a national
level
• Nationalism- Jacksonian
followers were strong
believers in Manifest
Destiny and the need to
push Native Americans off
valuable land.
Jacksonian Democracy
• During this time the power of the presidency is
increased under President Andrew Jackson
• President Andrew Jackson ran for office under the title
of “common man”
• “Universal Manhood Suffrage”- granted all white males
the right to vote regardless of religion, property or
income
• Jackson appointed his “Kitchen cabinet”, or followers
loyal to him in key government positions
Nullification Crisis
• Issue- High tariffs passed by Congress on imported
European goods angers the South
1. John C. Calhoun- argues that states have
the right to nullify any federal law they
oppose. STATE RIGHTS over FEDERAL LAWS
2. South Carolina- threatens to succeed due
to the tariff
• Results- Andrew Jackson gets Congressional approval
to use the military to crush South Carolina.
1. Jackson argues this is treason and
threatens S.C. with military action
2. Calhoun negotiates a reduction of the
tariff to ease tensions
Seneca Falls Conference
• In 1848, the first ever
women’s rights conference
was held to address equality.
• Declaration of Sentimentsdeclares the need for full
rights as citizens and the right
to vote.
• The beginning of the
Women’s Rights Movement
in America
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton a
member of the convention
Temperance Movement
• Issue- People should
drink less or alcohol
should be outlawed
altogether.
• Impact- Women played
a major role, this laid the
foundation for the future
Women’s Rights
Movement
Abolitionist Movement
• Issue- Slavery should be
abolished and should
not be allowed in new
states.
• Impact- Made slavery
and its expansion an
important political issue.
Women also played a
major role in this
movement.
William Lloyd Garrison
• Founder of the Liberator
newspaper, and a key
member of the
abolitionist movement
• He printed graphic
stories on how slaves
were treated
Frederick Douglass
• A former slave who
escaped from the south, he
worked for Garrison on the
Liberator and would go on
to found the North Star,
abolitionist newspaper.
• His speeches on
Abolitionism, Women’s
Rights, and Native
Americans made him a
famous fighter for equal
rights in the United States
Grimke Sisters
• Supporters of William Lloyd
Garrison and the
abolitionist movement
• They were active
members in the Women’s
Rights Movement and the
Abolitionist Movement
• Attended Seneca Falls
Conference
Public School Movement
• Issue- All students should
be required to attend
free schools supported
by taxpayers and staffed
by trained teachers.
• Impact- Established
education as a right for
all children and became
a state issue
Missouri Compromise of 1820
• Issue- The state wanted to enter the Union as a proslavery state. Upsetting the balance in favor of proslavery states to the South.
• Compromise1. Maine will be allowed in as a free state with
Missouri (MAINTAIN THE BALANCE IN THE SENATE)
2. Slavery prohibited north of 36 30’ in the Louisiana
Purchase Territory
3. Settled the argument of slavery for 30 years
Missouri Compromise of 1820
Mexican-American War
• Begins when the U.S. annexes
Texas
• The U.S. occupies most of
northern Mexico
• Territory Gained- California,
New Mexico, Arizona, Utah,
and Nevada
• Wilmot Proviso- proposed that
California and New Mexico be
free states, never passed
Compromise of 1850
The Compromisea. California enters the Union as a Free
State
b. Divide the new territories into: New
Mexico and Utah and let the people vote
on the issue of slavery
c. Ban slave trade in Washington D.C. but
allow white slave owners in the city to keep
their slaves
d. Fugitive Slave Law
Kansas-Nebraska Act
• This proposed that the territory of Nebraska be divided
into Kansas and Nebraska and grant the people of
those new states popular sovereignty.
• Pandora’s Box opened with the Kansas-Nebraska Act
1. New Opportunities- Both the territories are north of
36,30’ giving southern slave owners the chance to
expand slavery into an area previously off limits
2. Voided- The Missouri Compromise and reopened
the argument about the expansion of slavery.
3. New Parties- Whole new parties emerge as a
direct result with their whole purpose to stop the
spread of slavery
Bleeding Kansas
• The Cause- Kansas was settled by anti-slavery farmers
but slave owners in Missouri rushed in people to win
control of the state for slavery.
• The Free-Soilers then paid for the resettlement of
antislavery settlers from the Northeast to Kansas.
Dredd Scott Decision
• The Case- Dredd Scott a slave in
Missouri is taken to Wisconsin a free
state to live for two years. Believing
his time in Wisconsin made him free
he sues for his freedom.
• Decision- The Supreme Court rules
that no African-American even
free has the right to US citizenship.
Slaves were property not people
• Congress has no legal right to
regulate slavery in the United States
Fallout from the Dredd Scott Decision
• North- upset with the allowance of slavery in their
states.
• Abolitionists- call for Northern states to ignore the
decision
• South- delighted, proof they were right about slavery
• Republican Party- declare that if their presidential
candidate is elected will appoint a new Supreme Court
to overturn this case
John Brown
• He advocated the use of
violence to end slavery
• Harpers Ferry- He led a
group of whites and
blacks; seizing weapons
in his plan to arm slaves
for a violent uprising
• He was caught and hung
for treason, considered a
terrorists by Southerners, a
martyr by abolitionists
Abraham Lincoln
• South- warns that if Lincoln
wins the election of 1860 they
will succeed.
• Fort Sumter, South CarolinaAttacked by Confederate
forces in April, 1861 setting off
the Civil War
• He believed the preservation
of the Union was more
important than anything else
Lincoln Suspends Rights
• Problems in the North- there
were people opposed to the
war and draft who caused riots
and criticized Lincoln for leading
the country into a Civil War
• Suspension of Habeas CorpusHabeas corpus protects people
from being jailed without reason.
Lincoln suspended this right
under Martial Law and had the
army arrest anyone he felt was
against the Union
Jefferson Davis
• President of the
Confederate States of
America during the Civil
War
• Staunch believer in slavery
and state’s rights
Advantages going into the War
• Northo Military: North had 22 million
people to the South’s 5.5 million
free men. North also had control of
the Navy which let it control the
rivers and trade.
o Economic: controlled the banking
and money in the country. Almost
all the railroads, factories and food
farms in the North.
o Political: Strong central government
with experienced leaders
• Southo Military: Defensive war and
knowledge of their own area.
Experienced generals and
high troop morale
o Economic: Hope that the
demand for cotton would
bring foreign aid and support.
o Political: Problem was the
south wanted state’s rights but
needed a strong central
government to win the war.
This led to bitter infighting
and division during the war.
General Ulysses S. Grant
• Grant- will eventually lead
all Union forces
• Vicksburg- Grant takes this
city cutting the
Confederacy in half,
crippling their ability to
fight
• Grant’s Strategy- Bleed the
South dry of men, keep
attacking them because
the Confederacy doesn’t
have the same resources
as the North
General Robert E. Lee
• Role- Lead general for the
Confederacy, he led them
to victories when all
seemed impossible
• Battles- He fought in
Antietam, Gettysburg, Bull
Run
• Surrender- Lee will
surrender to Grant at
Appomattox Court House,
Virginia effectively ending
the Civil War
General “Stonewall” Jackson
• Mexican-American War
hero and considered Lee’s
best general
• Led the Confederacy to
victories at Fredericksburg
and Bull Run
• Killed- mistakenly shot by
his own troops, he was
Lee’s best general
Antietam
• The bloodiest one day
battle in the Civil War, it’s a
draw
• This battle gives Lincoln the
courage to issue the
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation
• It freed all the slaves in
the Confederacy, not in
the Union
• It allowed for a moral
purpose to be
established for the Civil
War
• African-Americans and
abolitionists were pleased
by tit
Gettysburg
• Deadliest Battle of the Civil
War; 51,000 killed
• The South fails to win support
from France or Britain against
the North; fails to show them
the South can win the war
• Confederacy never invades
the North again
• Lincoln delivers the
Gettysburg Address,
dedicating a memorial to the
fallen Union soldiers
Gettysburg Address
• One of the greatest speeches in history
• It convinced the North to stay in the war and
improved their spirits
• Shaped the goal of the Civil War to preserve the
Union, convinced the people they were ONE NATION
Vicksburg
• General Ulysses S. Grant
captures the city, gaining
Union control of the
Mississippi River
• This battle cuts the
Confederacy in half,
isolating the West (Texas,
Louisiana, Arkansas) from
the Eastern half
“March to the Sea”
• General William Sherman- sets
off to break the Confederacy,
he engaged in total war.
Make the citizens of the
Confederacy feel the pains of
war.
• Atlanta- Burned to the ground
• Goal- destroy the crops,
railroads, factories, roads,
bridges, and homes from
Chattanooga, TN to
Savannah, GA
Presidential Reconstruction
• Carried out by Andrew
Johnson
• No revenge against the
Confederacy
• Readmit the Confederate
states as soon as possible
• Republicans outraged that
the Confederate states were
depriving freed slaves their
rights
Radical Reconstruction
• Done in reaction to
President Johnson’s soft
treatment of the South
• Southern states had to
reapply for admission to
the Union, take steps to
secure the rights of freed
slaves
• All Southern states had
to pass the 13th, 14th ,
and 15th Amendment
Civil War Amendments
• 13th Amendment- abolished slavery in the United States
• 14th Amendment- U.S. citizenship means that all persons
born in the United States including African-Americans
can not be denied their rights without due process
under the law
• 15th Amendment- Guaranteed the right to vote to all
males, including African-Americans
African-Americans and
Reconstruction
• Education- Universities and
Colleges were established to
educate newly freed slaves in
the South
• New Life- African-Americans
founded newspapers, were
elected to public office, and
started businesses
Freedmen’s Bureau
• Established to help slaves
transition to freedom
• Helped former slaves
solves everyday
problems such as food,
clothing, and shelter
• Failed to help former
slaves acquire land
which would have made
them independent
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
• Radical Republicans
attempted to remove
President Johnson
because of his opposition
to their reconstruction
efforts
• He missed being
impeached by one vote
Black Codes
• Codes established to limit
the freedom of AfricanAmericans
1.
Prohibited blacks from either renting
land or borrowing money to buy
land.
2.
Prohibited Blacks from testifying in
court against Whites.
3.
Contracts- blacks had to sign
permanent work contracts with
former slave owners
Poll Tax
• A special fee a
person must pay in
order to vote. Used
in the PostReconstruction South
to deny the right to
vote to the newly
freed slaves.
Ku Klux Klan
• Terrorist organization
established to scare newly
freed slaves away from
voting
• Founded by former
members of the
Confederate Army to
oppose Reconstruction
efforts in the South
Domain 3:
U.S. History Industrialization to
the Modern Era
Impact of Railroads
• They moved settlers West
to farm and transported
goods (food, resources)
east to the major cities
• The rise of the railroad led
to the rise of the steel,
coal, and cattle industries
• Chinese Labor- the main
labor force used to build
the transcontinental
railroad
Transcontinental Railroad
• Transcontinental Railroad- The first coast to coast
railroad was built in 1869 and met in Promontory Point,
Utah.
• Competition- The Union Pacific Railroad company built
track from East to West. While the Central Pacific built
track East from California through the Rocky Mountains.
• Additional Lines- By the end of the 1800’s five
transcontinental lines were built connecting the East
and West coasts of America (MANIFEST DESTINY
COMPLETED)
Chinese Exclusion Act 1882
• Passed in response to
the large number of
Chinese working in the
West for low wages
(railroad, factories), it
banned the immigration
of any new Chinese to
the country for 10 years
Rise of Big Business
• The growth of Big Business
occurs after the Civil War
• They used wealth to
dominate American
culture and political life to
make them richer
• Their dominance will to
reforms during the
Progressive Era
Monopolies and Trusts
• Monopoly- when a company has exclusive control of a
market and can manipulate the price of goods
• Trust- a business that is formed specifically to monopolize
a market, the control all the business selling the product
John D. Rockefeller
• Founder of Standard Oil he
created the largest trust in
America by controlling the Oil
industry
• One of the key figures of the
Industrial Revolution
Thomas Edison
• The “wizard of Menlo Park”
he will invent three life
changing items:
1. Light Bulb- now businesses,
factories and homes could be
located anywhere there was
electricity
2. Motion Picture Camera- led to
the development of the Film
Industry
3. Phonograph- recorded sound;
will lead to the development of
the radio and IPod
Immigration
• During the late 1800’s the
majority of immigrants
come from Eastern and
Southern Europe
• Ellis Island- the major east
coast immigrant reception
center
• These immigrants were
likely to be poor, settle in
cities, worked factory jobs,
and created their own
ethic neighborhoods
Native Americans and
Westward Migration
• Native Americans were
forced off their lands by
Americans settling in the West
• Sitting Bull- Leader of the
Sioux, defeated Custer at
Little Big Horn
• Wounded Knee- the final
battle of the wars with Native
Americans, the U.S. massacres
over 300 men, women and
children
American Federation of Labor
and Samuel Gompers
• Samuel Gompersfounder of the AFL it
becomes the first union
and fights for worker’s
rights using strikes
• AFL goals- 40 hour work
week, better working
conditions, vacations
and higher wages
Pullman Strike
• Pullman Strike- lays off 3,000
workers, cuts wages but keeps
the rent at the same rate.
• Fired- Pullman fires the head of
the workers unions. Federal
troops break the strike.
• Results- almost all workers fired
and blacklisted by the Pullman
company.
• Union Leaders- see that
conventional means can’t work
and turn to more radical, violent
ideas to gain Union rights
Progressive Era
• A reform movement to
improve the social and
political aspects of America
• Belief that laws can improve
the lives of Americans
• Goals- government
regulation of businesses,
protect workers and
consumers, conserve natural
resources
Muckrakers
• Upton Sinclair- wrote The Jungle,
exposing the problems with the
Meat Packing Industry
• This led to the Meat Inspection
Act and Pure Food and Drug
Act to regulate foods and meat
in the United States
• Ida Tarbell- wrote a story on
Standard Oil, helping to break
up the trust
Women in the Progressive
Movement
• Women sponsored laws to
end child labor
• Pushed for the prohibition
of alcohol
• Women wanted
government inspections
and rules for work places
Progressive Era Political
Reforms
• Initiative- can force a
public vote on a law or
issue
• Referendum- the
government must present
the initiative to the public
to vote
• Recall- Remove corrupt
or unsatisfactory
politician by majority
vote
• Direct Election of
Senators- For the first
time in American
history, citizens were
given the ability to vote
for the Senator
Jane Addams
• Founder of Hull House, a
settlement house that
helped immigrants.
• Hull House was designed
to acclimate immigrants
to life in the United States.
• Hull House provided
health care and services
to the poor
Conservation Movement
• President Roosevelt- led
this movement, secured
over 150 million acres of
land to be preserved
• Yellowstone National Park1st ever National Park in
the United States
Plessy v. Ferguson
• 1896 ruling by the
Supreme Court that
upheld Jim Crow laws
and established the idea
of Separate but Equal
• This court case made
segregation legal in the
United States
Jim Crow Laws
• Laws designed to
separate blacks and
whites which were
degrading to African
Americans.
Booker T. Washington
• Founder of Tuskegee
University, believed that
racism would end once
blacks acquired useful
labor skills and proved their
value to society.
•
W.E.B. DuBois
• believed that blacks
needed immediate
equality with White
America, blacks needed
liberal arts education in
order to have a well
educated class of leaders
to deal with White
America
• Founder of the NAACP
NAACP
• Founded to fight Jim
Crow Laws in the South by
DuBois
• Its original goal was to
gain full social and
economic equality for
African-Americans with
White America
American Imperialism
• Americans argued over the decision to acquire colonies
around the world
• The United States begins to flex its muscles in world affairs,
especially in Central and South America
Spanish-American War
• The conflict that allowed the United States to gain
control of Puerto Rico, Philippines and Guam
• This war was a direct result of Americans wanting to
become an Imperialistic Power
Roosevelt Corollary
• President Roosevelt announced to the world that the
United States had the right to intervene in Latin
American countries in economic crisis, to insure
European countries could be repaid their debt
Panama Canal
• Roosevelt helps the
Panamanians rebel against
Columbia in exchange the US
gets to build the canal.
• The canal connects the Pacific
and Atlantic Oceans cutting
the travel time by ships
dramatically (see map)