Transcript Chapter 4 Notes

Do Now: Vocabulary Quiz
■ Define the following words using the ACE method:
■ 1) Secession:
■ 2) Popular Sovereignty:
■ 3)Confederacy:
CHAPTER 4-1: THE
DIVISIVE POLITICS OF
SLAVERY
Video: The Missouri
Compromise
Video Questions: Answer and
Discuss
■ 1) Identify the goal of the Missouri Compromise
■ 2) How effective of a “compromise” do you think
the Missouri compromise was?
■ 2) Based on what the song taught you about the
Missouri Compromise, what can you infer about
race relations/general relations in our country in
the 1850’s?
■ 3) How “ethical” do you feel the Missouri
Compromise was? Do you think there is a way we
could have more ethically compromised as a
nation to avoid war?
Differences Between the
North and South
• Slavery divides the nation. North and South
enter a long and destructive civil war that ends
slavery. African Americans briefly enjoy full civil
rights, but new laws discriminate against them.
Controversy over Slavery Worsens
• Southern plantation economy relies on
enslaved labor
• Industrialized North does not depend on
slavery
• South tries to spread slavery in West
• North’s opposition to slavery intensifies, tries
to stop its spread
Slavery in the Territories
Statehood for California
• California applies for statehood as free
state in 1849; angers South
The Compromise of 1850
• Slave state Texas claims eastern half of
New Mexico Territory
• Southern states threaten secession—
withdrawal from Union
• Compromise of 1850 has provisions for
both sides
• California becomes free state; tougher
fugitive slave law enacted
• Popular sovereignty, or vote, decides
slavery issue in NM, Utah
Protest, Resistance and
Violence
Fugitive Slave Act
• Slaves denied trial by jury; helpers fined and
imprisoned
• Northerners defy Act, help send slaves to safety in
Canada
The Underground Railroad
• Abolitionists develop Underground Railroad—
escape routes from South
• Harriet Tubman is conductor on 19 trips to free
African Americans
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
• Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe
increases protests
The Underground Railroad (A
Map)
Protests, Resistance and
Violence Continued
Tension in Kansas and Nebraska
• Kansas, Nebraska territories north of 36 30’
line, closed to slavery
• 1854 Kansas-Nebraska Act allows popular
sovereignty on slavery
“Bleeding Kansas”
• Proslavery settlers from Missouri cross border
to vote in Kansas
• Fraudulent victory leads to violent struggle over
slavery in Kansas
Violence in the Senate
• Charles Sumner verbally attacks slavery,
singles out Andrew Butler
• Preston S. Brooks, Butler’s nephew, assaults
Sumner on Senate floor
New Political Parties Emerge
Slavery Divides Whigs
• Democrat Franklin Pierce elected president in
1852
• Northern, Southern Whigs split over slavery in
territories
• Nativist Know-Nothings also split by region over
slavery
The Free-Soilers’ Voice
• Free-Soilers fear slavery will drive down wages of
white workers
The New Republican Party
• Republican Party forms in 1854; oppose slavery
in territories
• Democrat James Buchanan elected president
(1856); secession averted
Compare: Franklin Pierce and
James Buchanan
Franklin Pierce
James Buchanan
In your notes make a T Chart that compares the “Legacy”
of these two lesser known Presidents
Conflict Leads to Secession
The Dred Scott Decision
• Dred Scott, a slave taken to free territory by
owner, claims freedom
• Supreme Court denies appeal; Scott has no
legal rights, not a citizen
• North angry; South reads ruling as
guaranteed extension of slavery
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
• 1858 Senate race between Senator Stephen
Douglas and Abraham Lincoln
• Douglas wants popular sovereignty to decide
if state is free or slave
• Lincoln considers slavery immoral; wants
constitutional amendment
Conflict Leads to Secession
Harper’s Ferry
• John Brown leads group to arsenal
to start slave uprising (1859)
• Troops put down rebellion; Brown is
tried, executed
Lincoln Is Elected President
• 1860, Lincoln beats 3 candidates,
wins no southern electoral votes
Southern Secession
• 7 states secede after Lincoln’s
victory; form Confederacy in 1861
• Former senator Jefferson Davis
elected president of Confederacy
Video Clip: John Brown’s Raid
Discussion Question: Was John Brown a national hero or an embarrassing failure?
Homework: Heritage or Hate ?!?
■ Read the article: “Heritage or Hate” which discusses the role of the
Confederate Flag as a symbol of the Confederacy and it’s history as a
symbol of pride for southern states
■ Answer the guided reading questions #1-14 (Due Monday)
■ Vocabulary Chapter 4-2 (Expect a quiz next class)
■ Read the Dred Scott Decision on pgs 166-167 in your book and
answer the following questions in your notebook:
– 1) What was the Court Ruling about Dred Scott?
– 2)How did the Court go beyond the fate of Scott in its opinion
– 3)What reasoning did Justice Taney use in his decision?
– 4) How did the Dred Scott decision influence American history?
Activity: Dred Scott vs
Sanford 1857
■ Independently: Read the Dred Scott vs Sandford Case
on pgs 166-167 in your text book. In your notebook
answer the following questions about the case:
■ 1) What was the Court Ruling about Dred Scott?
■ 2)How did the Court go beyond the fate of Scott in its
opinion
■ 3)What reasoning did Justice Taney use in his decision?
■ 4) How did the Dred Scott decision influence American
history?
Homework:
■ Read article: “Heritage or Hate” and answer the
questions on the provided handout.
– Be prepared to discuss next class.
■ Chapter 4-2 ACE Vocabulary
■ Read the Document: The Inagural Address of
the President of the Provisional Government.
Take reading notes and answer the question at
the top of the document in paragraph form.
Do Now
1) What flag is this?
2) What is the
historical
significance of
this flag?
3) What does this
flag represent
today?
4) Should this flag
be considered a
symbol of heritage
or hatred? Explain
your answer….
Video Questions: Dred Scott
vs Sanford
■ 1) Describe the major issue in the Dred Scott vs Sanford Case
■ 2) What was the ruling of the Dred Scott Case?
■ 3) What was the IMPACT of the Dred Scott Case on the
situation in the United States?
Do Now
■ Take out your questions from the reading “Heritage or Hate”.
■ Get with a partner (someone close to you) and answer
question 15 (Think-Pair-Share). Be prepared to share out your
conversation.
So Where Did We Leave Off?
Discussion Questions:
■ What do you think the Impact of Secession will be on the
nation as a whole? What will the impact be on specific groups
(southerners, slaves, business owners, plantation owners)
■ Should the North have tried harder to APPEASE the south to
keep them in the Union?
■ Is a war necessary to keep the country together or are there
other steps we could take as a nation?
CHAPTER 4-2: THE
CIVIL WAR BEGINS
Union and Confederate
Forces Clash
■ Shortly after the nation’s Southern states secede
from the Union, war begins between the North and
South.
Southern States Take Sides
• 1861, Fort Sumter in Charleston falls; Lincoln calls for
volunteers
• 4 more slave states join Confederacy
• Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, Missouri remain in Union
Strengths and Strategies
• Northern strengths: more people, factories, food production
• Southern strengths: cotton, good generals, motivated soldiers
• Union plan: blockade ports, split South in two, capture
Richmond
Union and Confederate
Forces Clash (Cont)
The War for the Capitals
• Robert E. Lee takes
command of Confederate
Army in 1862:
— drives General
George McClellan from
Richmond
— loses at Antietam,
bloodiest one-day battle
• McClellan removed from
command, lets battered
Confederates withdraw
The Politics of War
Britain Remains Neutral
• Britain does not need cotton,
does need Northern goods
Proclaiming Emancipation
• Emancipation Proclamation
empowers army to free
Confederate slaves
• Gives soldiers moral purpose;
compromise no longer possible
Both Sides Face Political Dissent
• Lincoln, Davis suspend habeas
corpus to suppress disloyalty,
dissent
Life During Wartime
War Leads to Social Upheaval
• Casualties, desertions lead to
conscription on both sides
• Conscription—draft that forces men
to enlist; leads to draft riots
African Americans Fight for Freedom
• African Americans are 1% of North’s
population, 10% of army
• Serve in separate regiments, paid
less than whites for most of war
Soldiers Suffer on Both Sides
• Soldiers often sick from camp filth,
limited diet, poor medical care
• Prisons overcrowded, unsanitary;
many die of malnutrition, disease
Life During Wartime
(Continued)
Women Work to Improve Conditions
• Thousands of women serve as nurses
for both sides
• Union nurse Clara Barton later founds
American Red Cross
The War Affects Regional Economies
• Confederacy faces food shortage,
increased prices, inflation
• Union army’s need for supplies
supports Northern industry
• North’s standard of living declines
• Congress enacts income tax
(percentage of income) to pay for war
Classtime Activity: Twitter War
■ Knowing the views and opinions from both sides of the war, create
a short Twitter war between the Union and the Confederacy. You
can use characters from both areas (i.e. Jefferson Davis and
Abraham Lincoln) or just a generic name. Fill the “tweeter” paper
with popular trends (#rebellion) and figures from the time period in
the Following section. Use at least 5 vocabulary terms from
chapters 4-1 and 4-2 (underline vocabulary words).
SouthernCharm1841@North4thewin: P.U
Lincoln is Stinkin. It’s time to start our own
country #confederatepride #slavery4thewin
SouthernCharm1841@North4thewin:
Typical yankee hater. Why would I
#growmyowncrops when I can have slaves
do it 4 free? #secede2succeed
North4thewin@SouthernCharm1841:
What a sore loser! U don’t get ur way so
you throw a temper tantrum. #Growup
#Growurowncrops
North4thewin@SouthernCharm1841:Good
luck with that. You’re all cotton and no
factories. #2lazy2plant #2lazy2fight
Activity: Creating a Civil War Map
■ You will be using your book and your knowledge of the Civil
War events to create an interactive map of major Civil War
events.
■ Please be sure to include a key and ensure that the map is
clearly labeled to include all parts.
■ This is not group work, each person much turn in their own
map, although you may share supplies or books as needed.
■ Voice levels should be low, however, quiet talking will be
permitted as long as it does not take away from the work
being completed.
Homework: Did the
Emancipation Proclamation Free
the Slaves?
■ Read the Emancipation Proclamation on page 172 in your
textbook.
■ Read the article: Did the Emancipation Proclamation Really
Free the Slaves? Reading Quiz Friday
■ After reading this document, take a position (yes or no) and
write a 1 page justification of your answer using evidence
from the text. Put on a separate page (not in your notebook).
Due next class.
■ Vocabulary 4-2 and 4-3 (Chapter 4 Vocabulary Quiz next week
Wednesday)
Emancipation….well kinda
Video Questions: Answer and
Discuss
1) Why does Mr Betts infer that the
Emancipation Proclamation only “kinda”
freed the slaves?
2) What effect do you think this Proclamation
is going to have on the Civil War?
3) Does Lincoln deserve to get credit for
abolishing slavery? Why or why not?
CHAPTER 4-3: THE
NORTH TAKES
CHARGE
The Tide Turns
■ After four years of bloody fighting, the Union
wears down the Confederacy and wins the
war.
Southern Victories
• December 1862, Fredericksburg; May 1863,
Chancellorsville
The Battle of Gettysburg
• North wins decisive three-day battle of Gettysburg, July
1863
• Total casualties were more than 30%; South
demoralized
The Gettysburg Address
• Nov. 1863, Lincoln gives Gettysburg Address at
cemetery dedication
• Speech helps country realize it is a unified nation
Did Lincoln Have a Little Help
writing the Gettsyburg Address?
The Tide Turns (Continued)
Grant Wins at Vicksburg
• May-July 1863, Grant
sieges Vicksburg after
unsuccessful attacks
Do Now: Study for Reading
Quiz
Reading Quiz
■ 1) In Lincoln’s Gettsyburg Address what ideas did
Lincoln express about the United States?
■ 2) According to Stewart’s article, how did radical
Democrats during the Civil War view the act of
secession?
■ 3) Do you believe the Gettsyburg Address should go
down as one of the most famous speeches of all time.
Use evidence from the reading to back up your answer.
CHAPTER 4-3
CONTINUED
The Confederacy Wears Down
I’m a Good Ole Rebel:
Confederate Civil War Songs
■ 1) What tone does this song suggest that the Confederates
have towards the Union (or the Yankees?)
■ 2) Do you think songs like this helped to boost the morale of
the Confederate Army?
■ 2) Does this song suggest that the Confederates will be willing
to Compromise with the Union at the end of the Civil War?
The Confederacy Wears Down
Confederates Seek Peace
• Confederacy no longer able to
attack; works toward armistice
• Southern newspapers, legislators,
public call for peace
Total War
• Lincoln appoints Grant commander
of all Union Armies (1864)
• Grant appoints William Tecumseh
Sherman as Western commander
• Grant, Sherman wage total war to
destroy South’s will to fight
• Grant’s strategy to decimate Lee’s
army while Sherman raids Georgia
The Confederacy Wears Down
Sherman’s March
• Spring 1864, Sherman creates a
path of destruction through Georgia
The Election of 1864
• Lincoln’s unexpected reelection
helped by Sherman’s victories
The Surrender at Appomatox
• April 1865, Grant, Lee sign
surrender at Appomatox Court
House
• Within a month, all remaining
Confederate resistance collapses
The War Changes the Nation
Human Cost of the War
• Approximately 360,000 Union
and 260,000 Confederate
soldiers die
Political and Economic Changes
• Civil War increases power,
authority of federal government
• Southern economy shattered:
industry, farmlands destroyed
A Revolution in Warfare
• Developments in military
technology make fighting more
deadly
• Ironclad ships change naval
warfare
The War Changes Lives
The Thirteenth Amendment
• Thirteenth Amendment
bans slavery in all states
Lincoln Is Assassinated
• April 14, 1865, Lincoln is
shot at Ford’s Theater
• Assassin John Wilkes Booth
escapes, trapped by Union
cavalry, shot
• 7 million people pay
respects to Lincoln’s
funeral train
60 Second Presidents:
Abraham Lincoln
The Assassination of
Abraham Lincoln
Quickwrite: Lincoln’s Legacy
■ “Only the Good Die Young”
Do you think Lincoln’s untimely assassination
affects his legacy as one of the greatest
presidents of all time? Why or why not?
Defend your answer.
Civil War Map Activity
■ This is the final day to turn in your Civil War Map Activity take
the rest of class to finish up this activity and turn it in. If not
completed you will need to complete it for homework.
Homework
■ ACE Vocabulary Chapter 4-4
■ Vocabulary Quiz Chapter 4 on Wednesday
Unit 1 Test: Friday 9/23
Vocabulary Quiz
■ Begin Studying for your vocabulary quiz
The Slaves are Free and
Everything is All Better, Right?
Discussion Questions:
■ 1) Describe some of the problems our nation might be facing
now that the Civil War is over?
■ 2) What do you think life will look like for newly freed slaves in
the south? How about for African Americans in the North?
■ 3) What are some of the problems going to be with
“reconstructing” our country after the civil war?
■ 4) What are some steps our country could take to put the
nation back together? What are some things we should
avoid?
CHAPTER 4-4:
RECONSTRUCTION
“We had a Civil War, it’s over…..Now what?”
The Politics of Reconstruction
Building a New South
• Freedmen’s Bureau provides social services,
medical care, education
• Reconstruction—U.S. rebuilds, readmits South
into Union (1865–1877)
Lincoln’s Plan
• State readmitted if 10% of 1860 voters swear
allegiance to Union
• Radical Republicans consider plan too lenient:
— want to destroy political power of former
slaveholders
— want full citizenship and suffrage for
African Americans
Politics of Reconstruction
Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction
• Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s successor, forms
own plan
• Excludes Confederate leaders, wealthy
landowners
• Congress rejects new Southern governments,
congressmen
Congressional Reconstruction
• Congress passes Civil Rights Act, Freedmen’s
Bureau Act (1866)
• Fourteenth Amendment grants full citizenship to
African Americans
• Reconstruction Act of 1867 divides Confederacy
into districts
Politics of Reconstruction
Johnson Impeached
• House impeaches for blocking
Reconstruction; Senate does not
convict
U. S. Grant Elected
• Grant elected president in 1868;
wins 9 of 10 African-American
votes
• Fifteenth Amendment protects
voting rights of African Americans
Reconstructing Society
Conditions in the Postwar South
• By 1870, all former Confederate states have
rejoined Union
• Republican governments begin public works
programs, social services
Politics in the Postwar South
• Scalawags—farmers who joined Republicans,
want to improve position
• Carpetbaggers—Northern Republicans, moved to
the South after the war
• Many Southern whites reject higher status, equal
rights for blacks
Reconstructing Society
Former Slaves Improve Their Lives
• Freedmen found own churches; ministers
become community leaders
• Thousands move to reunite with family, find
jobs
African Americans in Reconstruction
• Few black officeholders; Hiram Revels is
first black senator
Sharecropping and Tenant Farming
• Sharecropping—to farm land owned by
another, keep only part of crops
• Tenant farmers rent land from owner
Say What? Mississippi and
the 13th Amendment
Quickwrite: Mississippi and
the 13th Amendment
■ 1) Why do you think Mississippi waited so long to ratify the
13th Amendment? Do you believe it was intentional or
accidental?
■ 2) Justify your answer using clues from the notes, your video
or personal experience.
Looking Closer:
Reconstruction Amendments
■ In groups of 3 you will be taking a close look at the 13th, 14th
and 15th amendments (Also know as the Reconstruction
Amendments). Your job will be to “dissect” the amendment
you have been given and “predict” what the effect of your
amendment might be on the south.
■ Once you have completed your graphic organizer and
thoroughly worked through all 3 amendments you need to put
a written response (In paragraph form) on the back of this
page to the following question:
How do you think the Reconstruction Amendments fundamentally
changed American life? Did they have a positive or negative
effect on American society? Explain your answer.
Homework: Written Response
■ Complete BOTH written response questions in respect to the
Reconstruction Amendments on the handout provided
Do Now:
■ Identify the Following:
13th Amendment
14th Amendment
15th Amendment
Andrew Johnson’s Terrible
Legacy: Does He Deserve It?
Discussion Questions:
Andrew Johnson’s Legacy
■ 1) Does Andrew Johnson deserve to be blamed for the failure
of Reconstruction after the Civil War?
■ 2) What are some factors that may have also been
responsible for the conditions in the United States in the postwar era?
■ 3) What could Johnson had done differently to have better
helped the country to recover from war?
■ 4) Do you think Lincoln’s Legacy would have changed had he
lived to deal with the issues of Reconstruction? How so?
THE END OF
RECONSTRUCTION:
WHODUNNIT?
The Collapse of Reconstruction
Britain and France
• The Collapse of Reconstruction
• Ku Klux Klan—southern vigilante group, wants to:
— destroy Republicans, aid planter class, repress African
Americans
— to achieve goals, KKK kills thousand of men, women,
children
• Enforcement Acts of 1870, 1871 uphold federal power in
South
• In 1872, Amnesty Act passes, Freedmen’s Bureau expires
Support for Reconstruction Fades
• Republicans splinter; panic of 1873 distracts North’s
attention
• Supreme Court rules against Radical Republican changes
Democrats “Redeem” the South
• Democrats regain control as 1876 election deal ends Reconstruction
The Collapse of Reconstruction:
Who’s To Blame?
■ Your job today will be to examine a variety of primary sources from
the Reconstruction Era and attempt to answer the question:
“Who is to blame for the end of Reconstruction, the North or
the South”?
■ You will work in groups of 3-4 to work through the DBQ Packet
answering questions and discussing the implications that each
document contains.
■ Your end goal is to create an outline (We will not write a formal
essay for this DBQ assignment) arguing who you believe should be
blamed for reconstruction.
Review Day: Quiz-Quiz-Trade
■ Come up with a possible test question from Chapter 4 and
write the question and answer on your notecard
■ When I give the go-ahead, you will find a partner and Quiz
them on your question. If you both get the questions right you
will trade cards, if not, you need to keep your cards and find
another partner.
■ Once you have correctly answered 10 questions, go back and
have a seat.
Review Dominoes:
Civil War and
Reconstruction
■ This review game will help you “make connections” between
major terms, events and places that we learned about in our
Civil War and Reconstruction Unit.
■ In groups of 3-5 you will play dominoes using review terms
from the Unit. Your goal is to be the first player to use all of
your dominoes
■ As you play the game, you need to keep a score-sheet which
documents ALL of the connections made with a short
explaination. If connection is deemed “questionable”, you
may be asked to justify it to the “referee” (Me)
Homework: Study for Test
Civil War and Reconstruction
Test on Friday 9/23