Transcript The Civil War

THE CIVIL WAR
Miss Timberlake, 4th Grade
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN
THE NORTH AND SOUTH
Learning Objective
■ You will be able to explain the significant economic and geographic differences
between the North and South
Which states support slavery?
What reasons may they have?
What factors shape your ideas?
Option 1: Think of a time when you have had an idea or opinion that has been different from a
friend. What experiences influenced your opinion? How did this cause a conflict?
Option 2: Think of a character in a novel that has had a conflict. What caused the conflict? How did
this person develop his/her ideas?
The South
■ The South developed as an agricultural region because of its rich soil and temperate
climate.
■ There are a lot of rivers in the South which makes it easy to transport products to the
market to make money.
■ Southerners greatly depended on slavery because of the cotton gin.
■ The cotton gin was able to speed up the process of taking seeds out of cotton which was
difficult to do by hand.
■ Cotton (King Cotton) was now a cash crop and slaves were needed to grow this crop.
■ White elites also thought that education is a social and racial privilege not open to
everyone.
■ Therefore, there was very little opportunity for public education in the South.
The North
■
The North had rocky soil and a short growing season.
■
Their economy relied on ship building and commerce.
■
Factories were built in the North because of the flowing rivers that helped create power.
■
They were not dependent on slaves labor
■
The Industrial Revolution brought many immigrants to the USA and they found jobs in factories.
■
The population grew quickly!
■
Education depended on gender and social class.
■
Video: http://history.howstuffworks.com/29118-assignment-discovery-the-north-and-southvideo.htm
ABOLITIONISTS
Learning Object
■ You will be able to explain the contributions to the mounting tensions between the
North and South over slavery, including William Lloyd Garrison, Sojourner Truth,
Fredrick Douglas, Harriet Tubman, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and John Brown.
William Lloyd Garrison
■ Publisher of an abolitionist
newspaper called The Liberator
■ Garrison used the newspaper to
tell everyone that slavery was
wrong and should be abolished
immediately
■ He helped form the American
Anti-Slavery Society which
published books that said
slavery should be abolished
■ Garrison’s newspaper was
banned in the South
Sojourner Truth
■ 1st African American
woman to be recognized as
an anti-slavery speker
■ She was born a slave in NY
but was freed
■ She had a powerful
speaking style
Fredrick Douglass
■ Taught himself to read and write as a slave
■ Escaped slavery
■ Published the anti-slavery newspaper called The North
Star
■ His home was a station in the Underground Railroad
■ Wrote an autobiography
■ Video:
https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoric
alfigures/frederickdouglass/
Harriet Tubman
■ Escaped slave who became one of the most successful “conductors” of the
Underground Railroadd
■ She led more than 300 slaves to freedom
■ She was also a spy for the Union during the Civil War
■ Video: https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/ushistory/undergroundrailroad/
Harriet Beecher Stowe
■ Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin
■ The book revealed the cruelty of slavery
John Brown
■ He and his sons instigated violence that ensued
in “Bleeding Kansas”
■ He also led the raid on the US arsenal of funs in
Virginia
■ He wanted to start a slave revolt
■ He was unsuccessful and was charged with
treason
■ He was killed
CAUSES OF THE CIVIL
WAR
Learning Objective
■ You will be able to explain the specific events and issues that led to the Civil War,
including sectionalism, slavery in the territories, states’ rights, the presidential
election of 1860, and secession.
Sectionalism
■ The interest of each section of the country, the North or the South was more
important to the people of that region than the interest of the country as a whole.
■ Sectionalism is a result of growing cultural and economic differences between
regions.
■ Think about it: You are on a sports team. Each member of the team is more
concerned with what’s good for THEM instead of the TEAM. Would that be a strong
team?!
North vs. South on Federal Government
North
South
■ Liked the federal (national)
government
■ States rights
■ Southerners believed this to protect
slavery
■ They feared the federal government
would take away slavery
The Presidential Election of 1860
■ The new Republican Party wanted to stop the
spread of slavery
■ They nominated Abraham Lincoln
■ Lincoln’s priority was keeping the North and
South together under the Union
Secession
■ 7 Southern states seceded from the Union before the
inauguration of Lincoln.
■ 4 more states followed after the firing on Fort Sumter
■ South Carolina led the secession
■ The newly seceded states declared they were a new
country named the Confederate States of America (or
the Confederacy)
■ They wrote a constitution that endorsed slavery and
states’ rights
■ Jefferson Davis was their president
Slavery DBQ
■ http://www.lexrich5.org/files/72003/dbq%20slavery.pdf
SIGNIFICANT BATTLES AND
EVENTS IN THE CIVIL WAR
Learning Objective
■ You will be able to summarize the significant battles, strategies, and turning points
of the Civil War, including the battles of Fort Sumter and Gettysburg, the
Emancipation Proclamation, the role of African Americans in the war, the surrender
at Appomattox, and the assassination of President Lincoln.
Lincoln’s Promises
■ Promise #1: 2 federal properties remained under his control in the South…. One in
Charleston and on in Pensacola, Florida.
■ Promise #2: He would not let slavery spread to the new territories, but he would not
interfere with slavery that already existed in the South.
Battle of Fort Sumter
■ President Abraham Lincoln informed the Confederate President, Jefferson Davis,
that he was resupplying the US troops stationed at the federal properties.
■ The Union soldiers were greatly outnumbered by the Confederates but they still
wouldn’t surrender
■ The Confederates fired at the Union soldiers
■ The Union soldiers went to Fort Sumter
■ Jefferson Davis ordered fire on Fort Sumter
■ This began the Civil War!
■ The Battle lasted 34 hours
■ Nobody died, but buildings were burned
■ Video: http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/fort-sumter/videos
The Union’s Strategy: Anaconda Plan
4 Parts of the Anaconda Plan
1. They blockaded Southern ports to stop the shipping between the South and their
allies, the British.
2. They wanted to split the Confederacy at the Mississippi River to divide its Unity.
3. They would destroy its transportation (railroad) and communication (telegraph)
systems from within and therefore crush its morale.
4. The Union would attack the Confederate capitol at Richmond, Virginia
The South’s Strategy
■ Fight a defensive war
■ Depend on the already-established cotton trade with England
■ They hoped England would help them monetarily
■ The Confederate Army mostly fought the battles in their territory—only attacking the
North 2x (Antietam and Gettysburg)
Emancipation Proclamation
■ Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation
■ This freed slaves in the 10 states fighting against the Union
■ However, the Confederacy did not follow the rule of the US President, so they did not
listen
– Slaves were only freed as the Union Army freed them
■ Slavery was not actually abolished until the 13th Amendment in 1865.
The Battle of Gettysburg
■ The Confederate Army, led by Jefferson Davis, invaded the North
■ The fight was a turning point in the Civil War because the Confederacy was so badly
beaten.
■ After the Battle of Gettysburg the South was too weak to fight a defensive war.
■ The President gave the speech, “The Gettysburg Address”
– https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o3P8VgxcL4E
African Americans and the Civil War
■ African Americans helped the Union by acting as liberators, spies, guides, and
messengers
■ Some slave owners in the South required their slaves to fight for the Confederacy
Surrender at Appomattox Court
■ Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to Union General Ulysses S. Grant
at Appomattox Court House in Virginia
President Lincoln’s Assassination
■ Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Both at Ford’s Theater in Washington DC
■ Booth was unhappy about the outcome of the war
■ He was a Confederate sympathizer and had initially devised a plan to kidnap the
president and other cabinet members
■ He hoped the assassination would cause chaos for the US
■ The difficult task of rebuilding the nation was left to another man—Andrew Johnson
THE EFFECTS OF THE
CIVIL WAR ON THE USA
Learning Objective
■ You will be able to explain the social, economic, and political effects of the Civil War
on the United States.
Economic Effects on the South
■ Much of the South was totally destroyed
■ When slaves were freed Southern plantation owners lost their wealth
■ Fields were abandoned
■ This was devastating for the South’s economy
Economic Effects on the North
■ The physical environment of the North wasn’t largely destroyed
■ The North’s economy relied on manufactured goods so it was also not effected.
■ Actually, businesses in the North grew because of contracts made with the military
Social Effects
■ There was a military draft so men had to participate in the war unless they were rich
enough to pay someone else to take their place
■ Women also had a part in the war—they took care of the homes, farms, and/or
businesses while the men fought
■ African Americans either ran away or stayed and worked until the war was over.
■ After the Emancipation Proclamation the African Americans were allowed to fight for
the Union Army
Political Effects
■ People wanted to try to get over the war and divisions its created.
■ The plan for reconstructing the nation was issued before the surrender at
Appomattox
■ Lincoln’s plan was lenient because he didn’t want to punish the South. He wanted to
get over this easily and quickly.
■ Unfortunately, Lincoln was assassinated