Transcript Civil War Leaders and Battles part 1

Unit 4: A Nation Divided
Lesson 4: Civil War Leaders and
Battles part 1
EOCT Review Questions
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2918.html
Warm- Up
After reading the passage on the Pierce Butler slave
auction, answer these questions:
1. Where was the largest slave auction in American
History?
2. How did Pierce Butler handle the sale of family
members?
3. What was the purpose of Thomson’s article, “What
Became of Slaves on a Georgia Plantation?”
4. Why was this event called the “weeping time?”
Dred Scott Case
The case was tried in 1857.
Dred Scott had been a slave in Missouri,
and had traveled with his master into free
territory. His owner later traveled back to
Missouri where he died. Dred Scott then
sued for his freedom. The Supreme Court
ruled that Scott could not sue because he
was not a citizen.
This angered many including abolitionists
and those in favor of popular sovereignty
because it basically stated that slaveholders
could keep their slaves in any state.
New Political Parties
• As tensions heighten, in 1854 Northern
Democrats (who opposed slavery) and Free
Soilers ( a party opposing slavery in the new
territories) unite
• They call their new party the Republican Party
• Abraham Lincoln (from Illinois) will emerge as
the party’s leader
1860: Abraham Lincoln is elected
•In the 1860 Presidential election, Abraham Lincoln
was considered a"dark horse" candidate. Lincoln ran
on the Republican platform of opposition to the
extension of slavery in the western territories.
•He was elected with only 40% of the popular vote.
•Several Southern states declared they would
secede from the Union if Abraham Lincoln
became President.
Secession
• Secession: The act of separating from the Union.
• South Carolina ceded December 20, 1860
By February 1, 1861 seven states had seceded from
the United States.
(South Carolina, Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana
and Texas)
These seven states formed the Confederate States of
America and elected Jefferson Davis as their President.
Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC
• Fort Sumter, a Union fort in Charleston Harbor,
is surrounded after South Carolina secedes in
December 1860
• The Union refused to
surrender the fort and
Jefferson Davis orders
Southern troops to
bombard the fort
• After 33 hours, Union
soldiers surrendered,
starting the Civil War
Americans Expect a Short War
• Both the North and South thought they were “right” in the
war.
• 2 sides were unevenly matched – how??
• Union:
– More fighting power, more factories, greater
food production, more extensive RR system
• Confederacy:
– Had a lot of money (off of cotton), good
military leadership, motivated soldiers
Jefferson Davis
• Was the first and only
President of the Confederate
States of America (1861-1865)
• Appointed Robert E. Lee
commander of Army of
Northern Virginia in 1862
• Believed the Confederacy
should stay on the defense
Robert E. Lee (Confederacy-South)
- Resigned from the US Army to fight
for the Confederacy: was against
slavery but didn’t want to fight
against the South
- Named commander of the Army of
Northern Virginia in 1862
- Lee believed that the Confederacy
should use their military expertise
on go on the offensive
- Led the Confederacy to many
victories; however, his offensive
attempts to invade the North failed
(Battle of Antietam and Battle of
Gettysburg)
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
(Confederacy-South)
-Played a major role in defeating the
Union Army at the first major battle
of the war (Bull Run-1861), the loss
at Bull Run made the Union realize
that it would be a prolonged war
-Fought with Lee at Antietam
-Helped defeat the Union Army at
Fredericksburg (1862) and
Chancellorsville (1863)
-Was accidently shot at night by his
own men at Chancellorsville and
died 8 days later
Ulysses Grant (Union-North)
• Had early success fighting in the
west (TN, LA, MS)
• Captured Vicksburg, MS giving
the Union control of the
Mississippi River
• Lincoln promoted him to
commander of the entire Union
Army in 1864
• Fights Lee in a series of battles
ending in Lee’s surrender at
Appomattox in 1865
William Sherman (Union-North)
• Fought with Grant at Vicksburg
• Named Union Commander of the
West (1864)
• Attacked and destroyed the city of
Atlanta, a major southern railroad
center, in the fall of 1864
(“Sherman’s March”)
Exit!
1. What happened as a result of the
Abraham Lincoln’s election in 1860?
2. Why were shots fired at Fort Sumter?