Transcript File - History with Ditondo

WARM UP: SPIRAL REVIEW

The whole South is in a state of revolution, into which
Virginia… has been drawn; and though I… would have
pleaded to the end for redress of grievances… yet in my
own person I had to meet the question whether I should
take part against my native state. With all my devotion to
the Union and the feeling of loyalty and duty of an
American citizen, I have not been able to make up my mind
to raise my hand against my relatives, my children, my
home. I have therefore resigned my commission to the
army… I hope I may never be called to draw my sword. I
know you will blame me; but you must think as kindly of
me as you can, and believe that I have endeavored to do
what I thought right.
• Robert E. Lee – Letter to his Sister
• April 1861

Fill in the table listing the goals and strategies that both
the North and South had for the Civil War.
THE CIVIL WAR:
1861-1865
7-9 The Early Years
THE FIRST BATTLE OF BULL RUN
(MANASSAS)

21 July 1861



Citizens and families ride the 25 miles from DC to
picnic and watch the 1st Major Battle
Fought in N. Virginia
5 m from town of Manassas Junction


Near Bull Run Creek



Rebels used nearest town to name battles
Yankees used closest creeks and rivers to name battles
35,000 inexperienced Yankee soldiers Gen. Irvin
McDowell
20,000 inexperienced Rebels lead by Gen. PGT
Beauregard


Yankees attack!!!
Drove the rebels at first, but…


Reinforcements lead by Gen. Thomas Jackson
arrive



Rebels rallied
Jackson’s rebels seen holding out heroically “like a
stone wall”
General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Rebels counter attack & break the Yankee lines


Rebel yell!!!
Terrified, Yankees drop everything & ran… right into
the fleeing civilians!
Peace-Out!!!
Out of my way
picnicker!!!
A SHOCK FOR THE NORTH

The outcome shocked
the North!


Began to get that it may
be a long, bloody, costly
war
Discouraged but still
determined…

Lincoln calls for more
volunteers


Requested total of 1
million soldiers
Sign 3-year papers

Appoints Gen. George B.
McClellan to train,
organize, and lead Union
Army
WAR AT SEA
The MONITOR vs. the
MERRIMACK
Enforcing the Blockade

B4 Bull Run…

Lincoln ordered the
blockade


Prevent South from
exporting goods &
importing aid or supplies
Blockade Runners were
Reb ships that could run in
and out of the blockade
North built more ships to
complete blockade


Reduced 2/3rds of Reb
trade
Guns, shoes, coffee, nails,
salt short supply
throughout war
Rebs couldn’t let blockade go
unchallenged


When war began, North
not enuff ships to cover
3500 miles coast line



Took old Union ship called
Merrimack and covered it w/
iron plates
8 March 1862- Merrimack
attacks US ships
Union wooden ships no match
for Ironclad
 Shells bounced of its’ sides!!!



Union builds 1st real iron ship
called, Monitor
9 March 1862- 2 ships face off!
Neither could sink the other,
but…
 Union able to keep Merrimack
in harbor so can’t get other US
ships
 Marked beginning of new type
of navel warfare

WAR IN THE WEST:
EARLY VICTORIES FOR THE NORTH

1 of North’s goals to control Miss. R.

Split Confederacy & control supply
mvmt.


16 Feb. 1862- Grant takes Fort
Donelson on Cumberland R.

Reb Commander @ Donelson asked
Grant what were his terms of
surrender…



Grant put in charge of this
“No terms except unconditional & immediate
surrender can be accepted.”
“Unconditional Surrender” Grant
becomes his nickname
Grant’s wins on the rivers open path
for Union to take TN, MS, AL, & KT!!!
THE BATTLE OF SHILOH

April 1862

Grant & 40,000 Yankees went south
along TN. River toward Corinth, MS
(important RR junction)
20 m. b4 was Shiloh Church (camped
there)


More Union forces from Nashville, TN on
way
6 April 1862- Rebs attack b4 aid to
arrive
Lead by Gens. Beauregard and
Johnson…
 Rebs drive Grant and Yanks back to TN
River!
 But…

25,000 Yanks
from
Nashville
finally arrive!
The losses at Shiloh were enormous. Together
the
two
armies
Gunboats on river start shelling Rebs too!
suffered 20,000 casualties!
Rebs retreat back to Corinth
“that was too shocking…
too though
horrible
bear.”
 Even
only to
2 days…
 Losses for Confederate
both sides extremely
high!
~unnamed
Soldier








Total 20,000 men died at Shiloh Church
1 of bloodiest battles in the war!
After narrow win @ Shiloh, Yanks take
Corinth on May 30th
Take Memphis, TN on June 6th
North well on way of controlling Miss.
River
NEW ORLEANS FALLS


25 April 1862- North another
important win
US Navy under Farragut
capture New Orleans, LA


Largest city in the South!
Farragut


Of Spanish decent
Grew up in the South, but…


Stayed loyal to Union
New Orleans at mouth of Miss.
River
South can no longer carry goods
to sea anymore
 No $$$
 No $$$ = No supplies


Farragut and Grant’s victories
gave Union control of almost
entire Mississippi River!!!
WAR IN THE EAST:
MCCLELLAN TRAINS & UNION DEFEAT AT RICHMOND


After Bull Run, war in East
was split
Generals turned attention to
training new recruits


Completely trains, reorganizes,
and drills new Union troops
Feared not ready
Finally, March 1862… new Army
of the Potomac was ready!!!




McClellan moves huge army to
SE of city by ship
 Better fortified by sea
JEB Stuart and 1,200 cavalry ride
completely around Union force



Known as Seven Days’ Battles
Robert E. Lee commands Rebs
defending the city

Its goal was to capture the
Confederate capital of Richmond,
VA
Instead of moving on
Richmond directly (like
Lincoln wanted)

Allows Rebs time to strengthen
defenses of city
 Lincoln constantly on McClellan to
act!
 Slowly they moved toward capital
 Finally meet Rebs at end of June!!!
However, scared to put them in
battle

McClellan spends weeks slowly
attacking to the water side of
city

Union Gen. McClellan leads
training



Gathering intel about Union army
Lee attacks and drives them all
the way back to the river
Took only 7 days to go back to
the river, where it took almost 4
months to get there!
SAD EYES IN THE UNION


Reports of loss depress the North
Wins in west good, but…
wanted the capital
 Lincoln has to call for 300,000 more
volunteers


Some positive though,

McClellan still only 25m. from Richmond



Unfortunately, McClellan never engages
Lee again though
Is ordered by Lincoln to come back and join
under Gen. John Pope
2nd Battle of Bull Run (or Manassas)
Rebels win again!
 Richmond no longer threatened
 Win / Win Situation


Plus, Lee now only 20m. From DC!
BATTLE OF ANTIETAM

After these wins, Con. Pres. J. Davis orders offensive into Maryland


Sept. 1862- Lee marches into Maryland


Hoped another win would convince Brits and French to join in
McClellan & 80,000 Yanks followed
18 Sept. 1862- Union soldiers find a copy of Lee’s plans in field!




Now Yanks knew Lee’s exact plans
Learned Lee’s army divided into 4 parts
Tells McClellan there is opportunity to overwhelm each part piece by piece, but…
McClellan too cautious and slow!



Battle of Sharpsburg (or Antietam)


Creek Yanks named it after
17 Sept. 1862- Yanks and Rebs meet


Yanks win!!!
McClellan ordered by Lincoln to follow and destroy, but doesn’t



Single bloodiest day in the entire war!!!
 At end, 6,000 dead and 17,000 seriously wounded
Day after the battle, Lee withdraws to VA


Waits 4 days b4 finally attacks
Allows Lee to gather his forces together near Sharpsburg, MD
Lincoln disgusted… could have ended the war right then!!!
Lincoln replaces McClellan with Gen. Ambrose Burnside as Commander of Union
Army
Now war would rage on for 3 more years
EXIT TICKET

What effect did
the Battles of
Richmond
Antietam have on
the war?