Transcript Mississippi in Transition

Mississippi in Transition
Titan Blaster:
Read the first paragraph on
page 104. Explain the
second sentence.
Secession and
Civil War
The USS Cairo
Remains of the Union gunboat, Cairo
are on display at the Vicksburg
National Military Park. The Cairo was
sunk on December 12, 1862 during an
attack on Vicksburg gun batteries.
The Slavery Issue
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The labor for producing
cotton was provided
mainly by slaves.
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Lincoln made it a
religious issue when
he quoted the Bible.
Jesus knew their thoughts and said
to them, "Every kingdom divided
against itself will be ruined, and
every city or household divided
against itself will not stand.
- Matthew 12:25
Actual Slave Flyer
The Missouri Compromise
In 1819, the United States had 22 states –
11 free states (no slaves allowed) and 11
slave states (slavery permitted).
 All slave states were in the South.
 The dividing line was the Ohio River.
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The Missouri Compromise
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Missouri Compromise allowed Missouri
to come into the nation as a slave state
with Maine coming in as a free state.
The Antislavery Movement
Emancipation – freedom
 The American Colonization Society
removed slaves back to Africa.
 This led to the MS chapter that sent former
slaves to Liberia.

The Nullification Crisis
States rights was a principle that stated
the individual states’ powers should be
stronger than the federal governments.
 Tariff – A tax on foreign goods that is
designed to keep out competition.
 Nullification – means to prevent the
enforcement of a law (here a federal law).

The Nullification Crisis
John C. Calhoun – Vice
President said states
could ignore federal
laws. When this was
challenged, a
compromise took
place.
 This split the VP and
President Andrew
Jackson.
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The Compromise of 1850
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Newly won Texas (from Mexico) came in as a
slave state while California came in as a free
state.
Popular sovereignty – a vote by those living
there (specifically the West). This came from the
Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854.
The Republican Party was formed to oppose
the expansion of slavery.
1857, the US Supreme Court ruled in the Dred
Scott decision that slavery could not be banned
in territories.
The Compromise of 1850
Mississippi’s reaction
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Governor John A. Quitman favored secession
(withdrawal from the Union) to keep slaves.
William Sharkey wanted delegates to give Congress
some time to figure it (slavery) out.
MS senator Henry Foote of Vicksburg wanted a proSouth compromise.
Jefferson Davis ran for governor believing secession
was the only way for MS to go.
Most Mississippians wanted to remain in the Union.
Prelude to war
John Brown’s Raid of the federal arsenal
at Harper’s Ferry, VA.
 He tried to provoke a slave rebellion, but
was hanged.
 Rebellion was put down by
Colonel Robert E. Lee’s troops.
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Titan Blaster
You will get a Titan Blaster grade today
for this activity. If you do not help, you
get a zero regardless of what your
group gets.
 Each row will be asked one of the
questions on page 110. You won’t know
which question until time is called.
 Your speaker must give the correct
answer to your question for a 100.
 You have 8 minutes… Go.

Who would you vote for?
How about these choices?
These were the choices in 1860
The Election of 1860
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Northern Democrat Stephen Douglas, who favored
popular sovereignty in the territories, was the leading
candidate to win the Democratic nomination.
The Southern democrats left the meeting and named
their own candidate, Breckinridge.
The Constitutional party named John Bell of
Tennessee as their candidate.
The Republican party named Abraham Lincoln of
Illinois as their nominee. They favored no new slave
states or territories.
Breckinridge won MS. Bell finished a close second,
while Douglas finished a distant third.
Mississippi did not allow Lincoln’s name on their
ballots.
The Election of 1860
Abraham
Lincoln
John
Breckinridge
Republican
Southern
Democrat
18 states won
11 states won
180 electoral
votes
72 electoral
votes
Democrats made it clear that
their candidate must defend
slavery in his platform.
A platform is a statement of
principles and policies that the
party supports.
The Confederate States of America
President Jefferson Davis
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Mississippi was the second state to
secede from the USA.
Mississippian Jefferson Davis was
elected president.
He was born in Kentucky, but
moved to Mississippi at the age of
two.
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The Confederate government was
set up in Montgomery, Alabama.
When Virginia seceded, the capital
was changed to Richmond,
Virginia.
Stars & Bars
Flags of the Confederacy
The pattern and colors of this flag did not distinguish it
sharply from the Stars and Stripes of the Union.
Consequently, considerable confusion was caused on the
battlefield.
The seven stars represent the original Confederate States;
South Carolina (December 20, 1860)
Mississippi (January 9, 1861)
Florida (January 10,1861)
Alabama (January 11, 1861)
Georgia (January 19, 1861)
Louisiana (January 26, 1861)
and Texas (February 1, 1861)
Stainless Banner
Flags of the Confederacy
On May 1st,1863, a second design was
adopted, placing the Battle Flag (also known
as the "Southern Cross") as the canton on a
white field. This flag was easily mistaken for
a white flag of surrender especially when the
air was calm and the flag hung limply.)
Efforts to secede failed in Kentucky and
Missouri though those states were
represented by two of the stars. The flag now
had 13 stars having been joined officially by
four more states,
Virginia (April 17, 1861),
Arkansas (May 6, 1861),
Tennessee (May 7, 1861),
North Carolina (May 21, 1861).
Third Flag of the Confederacy
Flags of the Confederacy
The third Official Flag of
the Confederacy. On
March 4th,1865, a short
time before the collapse of
the Confederacy, a third
pattern was adopted; a
broad bar of red was
placed on the fly end of the
white field.)
Confederate Battle Flag – Southern Cross
Flags of the Confederacy
The best-known Confederate flag
was the Battle Flag, the familiar
"Southern Cross". It was carried
by Confederate troops in the field
which were the vast majority of
forces under the confederacy.
The Stars represented the 11 states
actually in the Confederacy plus
Kentucky and Missouri.
Kentucky and Missouri never
officially seceded or joined.
Bonnie Blue Flag
Flags of the Confederacy
With this rebellion in mind, this flag was
used by the Republic of Texas from 1836
to 1839. On January 9, 1861 the
convention of the People of Mississippi
adopted an Ordinance of Secession.
With this announcement the Bonnie
Blue flag was raised over the capitol
building in Jackson. Harry Macarthy
was so inspired that he wrote a song
entitled "The Bonnie Blue Flag" which
became the second most popular
patriotic song of the Confederacy. The
Confederate government did not adopt
this flag but the people did and the lone
star flags were adopted in some form in
five of the southern States that adopted
new flags in 1861.
Edmund Ruffin
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fired the first shot of
the Civil War at Fort
Sumter, SC.
was a farmer and
slaveholder, a
Confederate soldier,
and an 1850s political
activist.
The Battle of Fort Sumter
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South Carolina seceded from the Union.
The Union Major Anderson refused to evacuate the fort.
There were only two casualties in the entire battle: one
Confederate soldier bled to death after a cannon misfired
and one Union soldier died after the surrender.
The Battle of Fort Sumter
View of Fort Sumter on April 14, 1861 after
its surrender by Major Robert Anderson National Archives
Brigadier General Pierre Gustave Toutante
(P.G.T.) Beauregard
The general in charge of the Confederate troops
was Brig. General P.G.T. Beauregard.
He would serve in the Western campaign in
Mississippi during the Seige of Corinth a few years
later.
He would surrender to General Sherman in 1865.
He would survive the war and move to New
Orleans, LA. He worked with the railroad industry
until his death.