Transcript THE CIVIL WAR

THE CIVIL WAR
Chapter 11, The Opposing Sides
Northern Advantages
•Population was twice as
large – more soldier.
•Had more industries (80%)
•Produced 90% of pig iron
used to make weapons
•Almost all of firearms/gunpowder/ammo made in N.
•Controlled national treasury
& collected tariffs.
•Northern banks loaned
money to fed. Gov. by
buying bonds.
Southern Disadvantages
•1/3 of population slaves – less
soldiers.
•Had to set up armories/foundries
to produce weapons/gunpowder/
ammo.
•Only one RR line to move food
& supplies.
•Southern planters & banks
could not buy bonds.
•The Union Navy blockaded So.
ports which limited collecting
tariffs.
•South forced to print its own
paper money – caused inflation
Chapter 11, Sec 1
PARTY POLITICS in the NORTH
1. War Democrats – supported the Civil War
& restoring the Union. Opposed ending
slavery.
2. Peace Democrats – (Copperheads)
opposed the war and wanted to reunite
the states by using negotiation.
3. Conscription – drafting people for
military service. Caused riots.
4. Militia Law – Lincoln suspended
habeas corpus
Chapter 11, Sec 1
WEAK Southern Government
1. President Davis was limited by states’
rights in conducting the war.
2. Many Southerners objected to being
forced to serve in the army.
3. They did not like new taxes.
Chapter 11, Sec 1
QUESTION: Who did the South want to
help them?
The British Navy
QUESTION: So what did the South do to
get them to help?
They stopped selling cotton to France &
Great Britain to pressure them.
THE CIVIL WAR
1.
2.
3.
4.
THE FIRST “MODERN WAR”
New cone-shaped bullets – more
accurate, could be loaded and
fired faster.
Trenches & barricades were used to
protect them.
ATTRITION – wearing down of one
side by the other.
The South used a defensive tactic so that
large numbers of men were not killed trying
to charge the enemy.
Chapter 11, Sec 1
ANACONDA PLAN
The Union strategy
was proposed by
Gen. Winfield Scott.
Called for a
blockade of
Confederate ports and sending gunboats
down the Mississippi to divide the
Confederacy.
The Anaconda Plan
Chapter 11, Sec 2
The Early Stages
• The First Battle of Bull Run – South won
• Union blockade – South used blockade
runners to smuggle supplies.
• Confederate Ships – Alabama & Florida
• Admiral Farragut (North) helped take New
Orleans, the South’s largest city in 1862.
Chapter 11, Sec 2
THE WEST
• Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (Union) –
seized Fort Henry ( South’s main fort
on the Tennessee River); then
Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River.
This gave the Union all of KY and most
of western TN.
• SHILOH – Gen. Grant forced the South
to retreat. 20,000 casualties.
Chapter 11, Sec 2
• Gen. Braxton Bragg took Confederate
troops to KY to lure the Union armies, but
Union commander Gen. Buell stopped
them at Perryville.
• Then, Gen. Buell cut the RR lines at
Chattanooga, TN.
• Lincoln fired Buell and replaced him with
Gen. Rosecrans who made the
Confederates retreat at Murphreesboro,
TN.
Chapter 11, Sec 2
THE EAST
• Gen. McDowell was replaced by Gen. George B.
McClellan in the east. He was too cautious &
could not make decisions quickly.
• Confederate Gen. Johnston was wounded in the
Union conflict to take Richmond, VA.
Gen. Robert E. Lee replaced him & caused the
North to retreat. N. & S. together lost 30,000
troops.
• Second Battle of Bull Run – Gen. Lee forced the
North to retreat & was within 20 mi. of Washington.
He began an invasion of the North.
Chapter 11, Sec 2
•
QUESTION: Why did Gen. Lee decide to
invade Maryland?
1. Only an invasion of the North would make the
North accept the South’s independence.
2. A victory on N. soil might convince the
British to support them & help the Peace
Democrats gain control in Congress during
next election.
3. Lee could feed his troops from Northern farms
& draw Union troops out of VA during harvest
season.
Chapter 11, Sec 2
• The Battle of Antietam – the bloodiest
one-day battle of the war & in American
history. 6,000 killed & 16,000 wounded.
Lee retreats. Union wins!
• NOTE: Lee’s defeat kept Britain from
supporting the South & made Lincoln
issue The Emancipation Proclamation.
Chapter 11, Sec 2
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
• Lincoln’s primary purpose was to save the
Union!! He had said that if the Union
could drive Confederate forces off of
Union soil, he would issue proclamation
ending slavery.
• What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
decree freeing all enslaved persons in states
still in rebellion after January 1, 1863.
• QUESTION: Could Pres. Lincoln actually
free the slaves in the Confederate states?
Chapter 11, Sec 3
LIFE DURING THE CIVIL WAR
Raised
Money
Volunteered
Women’s
Contributions
during
The Civil War
Battlefield
Nurses
Managed farms
and
businesses